• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.29-47
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• 2001

In this study of 79 3- and 4-year-old children, behavioral inhibition was assessed by their preschool teachers; mother-child attachment was assessed by the researchers in home visits; and mothers reported on their parenting and their child's emotionality at 6-12 months of age. Findings were that insecure attachment was related to high child's distress reactions to limitations (negative emotionality) in early infancy and to strong maternal rejection/hostility. Higher maternal sensitivity to child's inhibition was related to more secure attachment. Girls were more highly inhibited than boys. Smiling and laughter (positive emotionality) in early infancy was negatively related to child's inhibited behavior. Maternal sensitivity to child inhibition was positively related to child's inhibited behavior. Findings are consistent with Engfer's (1993) theory of gender differences in developmental paths into behavioral inhibition.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.204-212
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• 2021

Ethical sensitivity is a basic competency required for nursing students to work as professionals who will care patients in the clinical field after graduation. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve the knowledge on ethical sensitivity in undergraduate education. This study aimed to identify the demographic characteristics that influence ethical sensitivity among nursing students. This study was a secondary analysis that referred to a previous work measuring ethical sensitivity in nursing students. The participants were 128 nursing students, who had experienced clinical practicums. Among the participants, those who were third-year (t=2.345, 95% CI=[1.24, 14.64], p=0.021), female (t=2.635, 95% CI=[3.65, 25.69], p=0.009) and were satisfaction with major (t=-2.389, 95% CI=[-16.54, -1.50], p=0.019) consistently reported significantly higher mean scores on ethical sensitivity. The explanatory power of the model was 13.3%. Gender (Exp (B)=0.875, 95% CI=[0.804, 0.952], p=0.002) and year at universtiy were the strongest predictors of ethical sensitivity (Exp (B)=0.921, 95% CI=[0.873, 0.971], p=0.002). Based on the results, an appropriate ethics education that considers the following issues should be provided for undergraduate nursing students: both genders' perspectives, seniors' further development, and students experiencing low satisfaction with their major. Future nursing education should consider these individual demographic characteristics to develop nursing students' ethical sensitivity that will further affect their ethical behavior and ultimately improve the quality of nursing.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.184-191
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• 2020

Using 850 disclosures of individual executive compensation from 2014 to 2017, this study examines the impact of female auditors on the sensitivity of executive compensation-performance relation. The major findings as follow: First, Female auditors have positive effects on the sensitivity of executive compensation to performance, implying that when auditors are appointed to be females who are more ethical, of high moral development, risk averse and conservative as well, they play an efficient monitoring role in aligning executive compensation to performance. Second, the monitoring effects of female auditors on the sensitivity of executive compensation to performance are significant when they are full time employed, suggesting that gender-based differences are more likely to be realized on the condition that they are in position to commit to their jobs for their owns. The results overall support that female auditors exercise efficient monitoring roles in aligning executive compensation to performance in Korean listed firms. The research contribute to complement the study of gender effects on corporate decision making, which have been focused on gender diversity of the board, by providing empirical evidence of the impact of female auditors on the sensitivity of executive compensation-performance relation.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.58-64
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• 2013

We compared the cognitions of students, faculty, and business leaders in engineering related to woman employment and successful career. For this research, we developed questionnaires for 240 students of Korea National University of Transportation and Korea National University of Education, and 8 faculty who taught the students in the improvement program of engineering education environment for gender sensitivity, and 28 business leaders of company located in Chungbuk. As results, there were lots of difference among the cognitions of students, faculty, and the leaders related to woman employment and successful career. Especially, leaders gave considerable thought to upright character and affective capacity when they select employees. Therefore, we need to concentrate efforts to bring up talent women whom companies prefer by strengthening the strength and make up for the weakness as women in the improvement program of engineering education environment for gender sensitivity.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.158-172
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• 2021

Background: Metabolic syndrome has been known as a risk of cardiovascular disease. Meanwhile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is used as a predictor of cardiovascular disease. In this paper, we aimed to investigate the association between hs-CRP and metabolic syndrome. Method: A total of 7,633 were chosen as the study population from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dataset (2016-2017). Our dependent variable was whether an individual had metabolic syndrome or not, and the independent variable of interest was hs-CRP which was categorized into three groups. The chi-square tests and hierarchical logistic regression analyses reflecting survey characteristics were conducted. All analyses were stratified by gender. Results: According to the adjusted model with all covariates, compared to individuals having the low risk of hs-CRP, those having its average risk were more likely to have metabolic syndrome in men (odds ratio [OR], 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-1.76) and women (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.33-2.16). Individuals having the high risk was not significantly different in men; however, they were more likely to have metabolic syndrome in women (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.28-3.23). Conclusion: In an upcoming aging society, it is important to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome to improve population health. This study suggests that hs-CRP may be used as a marker of the risk of metabolic syndrome in a gender-specific way, thereby contributing to enhancing awareness of the risk of metabolic syndrome among the general public.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.351-370
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• 2021

This study investigated the effect of parental psychological control on relational aggression among middle school students, the mediating effects of rejection sensitivity and friendship jealousy, and whether there were differences in these variables by the demographic characteristics of gender and family form. Data of 554 middle school students living in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do were used for the final analysis. There were two major results. The first major result was what rejection sensitivity and friendship jealousy sequentially mediated the relationship between parental psychological control and relational aggression. The second major result was gender differences which was shown by a multi-group analysis to examine in the path from parental psychological control to rejection sensitivity, the path from parental psychological control to relational aggression, and the path from friendship jealousy to relational aggression. This study was meaningful in that it expanded the understanding of relational aggression and identified directions for therapeutic interventions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.37
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• pp.119-132
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• 1998

Niveteen stimulus photographs varied in hue and color scheme of one clothing style of Korean dress worn by a female were used to explore the differences in perceptive effect of clothing cues(color, color scheme, structure) on impression formation and graduate students. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, factor score, ANOVA and Scheffe-test. Results indicate perceptive effects of clothing cues on impression formation are influenced by gender-differences and major-difference of perceivers. Significant gender differences were found in perception of clothing cues on impression effect. Interaction effects were found between clothing cues and gender. Significant major differences were found in perception of clothing cues on impression effect. Interaction effects were found between clothing cues and perceiver's major. Female perceivers and perceivers of major-ing in Liberal Arts reacted to clothing cues on impression formation with greater sensitivity than male perceivers and perceivers of majoring in Natural Sciences. Frequent interaction effects between gender and color of China (cool-warm color), between major difference and color scheme(related color harmony-contrasting color harmony) appeared on factors of impression effect. The influence of perceiver variables on their perception of clothing cues for impression effcet has important implications for gender difference and perceiver's maforing backgroung in a social situation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in kind, intensity and depth of de Qi sensation by patients' gender, age, BMI and sensitivity. Methods: Sixty-four healthy volunteers (mean age $26.51{\pm}4.72$, range 22-39) who had been studying anatomy, meridianology, acupuncture & moxibustion for more than five years at Dongguk University, Go-yang, Korea, were invited to take part in an investigation of the sensations associated with acupuncture needling. Needling was self-administered on Hegu (LI4) in the hand and Zusanli (ST36) in the leg randomly. After obtaining de Qi, the participants were asked the kind, intensity and depth of de Qi sensation. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the kind of de Qi sensation found by acupoints and needling methods (p>0.05). Hegu (LI4) was found to be significantly higher in the intensity (p<0.001), and the depth of de Qi sensation was significantly higher in Zusanli (ST36) than Hegu (LI4) (p<0.001). There was statistically significant difference found in the intensity of de Qi sensation by depth and sensitivity (p<0.05). In the depth of de Qi sensation, there was statistically significant difference found by sensitivity (p<0.05). In de Qi sensation of practitioners, there was statistically significant difference found by gender, BMI, the intensity of de Qi sensation (VAS) and sensitivity. Conclusions: Further study involving acupuncture de Qi sensation and the influencing factors is needed.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2011

The present study was carried out to investigate gender-related attitudes of professors in engineering as a socio-environmental factor for career barriers of female engineering students. For this purpose, 220 professors, 169 in engineering and 51 in non-engineering, completed questionnaires that evaluated gender-related knowledge, behavior, and career expectations. Our results showed that both engineering and non-engineering professors showed a low level of knowledge of gender differences. Both groups selected soft skills such as leadership, initiative and self efficacy as lacking in female students, rather than their academic skills. Professors in engineering showed higher expectations of female students pursuing a career in engineering but lower expectations for working on core projects and taking leadership at the workplace than the professors in non-engineering. The level of gender-sensitivity related to teaching was lower for professors in engineering than those in non-engineering, although professors in engineering evaluated their gender sensitivity higher than the evaluation of their female students. In addition, professors in engineering opted less for developing programs for female student career development in engineering than professors in non-engineering, and they showed a low interest level in participating in such programs. This study showed that the efforts to make engineering professors aware of the characteristics of female students should precede the development of education programs.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the subjective fabric hand of sleepwear fabrics, and to assist in developing sleepwear fabrics that offer maximum comfort in wearing sensation. In general, the respondents noted that sleepwear fabrics made with polyester had better tactile sensation than those made with cotton, while satin weave fabrics felt better than plain weave fabrics. As regards the difference in fabric hand according to gender, female students responded with more receptiveness and sensitivity than male students in the category of woven fabric evaluation. As regards the same textile materials, the evaluations of female students and male students differed in fabric hand descriptors, particularly for the evaluation on cotton fabrics. Male students responded that both plain weave fabrics and satin weave fabrics were stiff while female students replied that satin weave fabrics had better tactile sensation.