• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.513-523
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• 2018

The tumor microenvironment greatly influences cancer cell characteristics, and acidic extracellular pH has been implicated as an essential factor in tumor malignancy and the induction of drug resistance. Here, we examined the characteristics of gastric carcinoma (GC) cells under conditions of extracellular acidity and attempted to identify a means of enhancing treatment efficacy. Acidic conditions caused several changes in GC cells adversely affecting chemotherapeutic treatment. Extracellular acidity did inhibit GC cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest, but did not induce cell death at pH values down to 6.2, which was consistent with down-regulated cyclin D1 and up-regulated p21 mRNA expression. Additionally, an acidic environment altered the expression of atg5, HSPA1B, collagen XIII, collagen XXAI, slug, snail, and zeb1 genes which are related to regulation of cell resistance to cytotoxicity and malignancy, and as expected, resulted in increased resistance of cells to multiple chemotherapeutic drugs including etoposide, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, cisplatin, oxaliplatin and 5-FU. Interestingly, however, acidic environment dramatically sensitized GC cells to apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Consistently, the acidity at pH 6.5 increased mRNA levels of DR4 and DR5 genes, and also elevated protein expression of both death receptors as detected by immunoblotting. Gene silencing analysis showed that of these two receptors, the major role in this effect was played by DR5. Therefore, these results suggest that extracellular acidity can sensitize TRAIL-mediated apoptosis at least partially via DR5 in GCs while it confers resistance to various type of chemotherapeutic drugs.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2015

Purpose: If early diagnosis is not made, patients with metabolic disorders as homocystinemia rapidly progress to physical defect or mental retardation resulted in storage of the toxic material into the brain. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an analytical method for a rapid screening and/or correct confirmation diagnosis. Methods: The standard solution of sulfur amino acids spiked plasma was subjected to protein precipitation with methanol, and then consecutively derivatized with trimethylsilyl (TMS) and trifluoroacyl (TFA) and determined by GC-MS. The formation of TMS derivative of the hydroxyl and TFA derivative of amino functional group was performed by BSTFA and MBTFA, respectively. Selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode was used for quantification with selected specific ions. Results: A calibration curve on standard spiked pooled plasma showed a linear relationship with correlation coefficient of 0.9936-0.9992 for all compounds over the range of 0.1-300 ng. The precision and accuracy were within S.D. of 1-15% and RSD of 1-15% for intra-day assay at 2 ng/mL, 15 ng/mL and 30 ng/mL. LOD and LOQ was 0.4 ng/mL and 4 ng/mL respectively. Conclusion: A rapid analytical method was developed to quantify sulfur amino acids and methyl malonic acid, after two-step derivatization procedure with good sensitivity and specificity on human plasma. Advantages of a new method are simplicity and rapidity. The method could be useful for routine analysis, diagnosis of homocysteinemia.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3339-3344
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• 2015

Background: This case-control study aimed to determine if there were any associations between the two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Gc, rs7041 (Asp416Glu) and rs4588 (Thr420Lys) and 3 common cancers (breast, lung and colorectal) in Thai patients. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and eighty two colorectal, 101 breast and 113 lung cancer patients were recruited from one institute during 2011-2013. The controls were age-matched volunteers who had a negative history of index cancers. In addition, vitamin D levels were compared among different genotypes in the 2 SNPs. Results: The minor allele frequencies of rs7041 (G) and rs4588 (A) were 0.32 and 0.24, respectively. Under the dominant model, the study found significant associations between minor-allele genotypes of the SNP rs7041 (TG/GG) and lung cancer (odds ratio [OR] 1.78, 95% CI 1.05-3.03). When subgroup analysis was performed according to sex and age at diagnosis, the study found that the minor-allele genotypes of rs7041 (TG/GG) were significantly associated with colorectal cancer in patients whose age at diagnosis was more than 60 years (OR 1.67, 95%CI 1.06-2.61) and the minor-allele genotypes of rs4588 (CA/AA) were significantly associated with colorectal cancer in males aged 60 years or less (OR 2.34, 95%CI 1.25-4.37). When SNP combinations (rs7041-rs4588) were examined, the TT-CA combination had a significant protective association with lung cancer (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.22-0.85). On evaluation of serum 25(OH)D levels in 205 individuals without cancer (males 144, females 61), the proportion of subjects with low serum vitamin D (< 20 ng/ml) in those harboring CA or AA genotypes of rs4588 (41.7%) was significantly higher than the CC genotype (15.5%, p-value < 0.01). Conclusions: Genetic polymorphisms in Gc were associated with lung and colorectal cancers in Thai patients. Lower serum 25(OH)D in minor variants of rs4588 may explain this association.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2000

The present study was carried out to investigate the blood markers of Cheju horses. The blood protein types (biochemical polymorphism) were tested from 73 Cheju native horses (CNH) and 118 Cheju racehorses(CRH) by horizontal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (HPAGE), isoelectric focusing (IEF) and starch gel electrophoresis (SGE). At the same time, their phenotypes and gene frequencies were studied. The biochemical polymorphism phenotypes observed with high frequency were A1B-KK(97.3%), ALB-AB(49.3%), AP-SS(100%), ES-II(30.1%), GC-FF(87.7%), HB-BIBI(49.3%), TF-F2R(41.1%), TF-EF2(8.2%), PGD-FF(97.3%), PGM-SS(50.7%), GPI-II(74.0%) in CNH, While A1B-KK(99.2%), ALB-BB(50.8%), AP-SS(99.2%), ES-II(42.4%), ES-IS(14.4%), GC-FF(95.8%), HBB-IB II(39.8%), TF-F2R(21.2%), PGD-FF(77.1%), PGD-SS(4.3%), PGM-SS(72.9%), GPI-II(90.7%) in CRH. Alleles observed with high frequency were $AlB^{K}$(0.986), $ALB^{B}$(0.616), $AP^{S}$(1.000), $ES^{I}$(0.479), $ES^{F}$(0.274), $GC^{F}$(0.938), $GPI^{I}$(0.856), $HB^{BI}$(0.685), $PGD^{F}$(0.993), $PGM^{S}$(0.753), $TF^{F2}$(0.404), $TF^{R}$(0.397) in CNH and $AlB^{K}$(0.996), $ALB^{B}$(0.720), $AP^{S}$(0.996), $ES^{I}$(0.661), $ES^{F}$(0.203), $GC^{F}$(0.979), $GPI^{I}$(0.936), $HB^{BI}$(0.534), $PGD^{F}$(0.864), $PGM^{S}$(0.852), $TF^{F2}$(0.428), $TF^{R}$(0.272) in CRH. $TF^{E}$(0.041) allele and silent gene($ES^{I{^*}}$ : 0.014) were observed in CNH. The mean heterozygosity in CNH and CRH was observed 0.2974 and 0.2864, respectively.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1180-1186
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• 2012

본 연구는 사회적 고립 스트레스로 인한 해마에서의 nerve growth factor (NGF), Synapsin I 및 choline acetyltranferase (ChAT) 감소에 있어서 사전운동경험(exercise preconditioning: EPC)이 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 실시되었다. 목적을 위해 Sprague-Dawley (SD) 쥐(수컷, 22주령, $500.1{\pm}48.41$ g)를 이용해 크게 통제집단(Con)과 운동(Ex)집단으로 구분하여 운동(트레드밀, 5일/주, 최대 18-20 m/min; 50분까지 점진적 증가, 경사 없음, 8주)을 적용하였으며, 이후 각각 사회적 고립(Isolation, 8주)을 적용하여 분석하였다(Group/Con: GC, Group/Ex: GE, Isolation/Con: IC, Isolation/Ex: IE, 각 집단별 n=8). 실험결과, IC집단에서 GC집단에 비해 해마에서 NGF, Synapsin I 및 ChAT가 유의하게 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 반면 IE집단에서 IC집단에 비해 NGF, Synapsin I 및 ChAT의 감소가 유의하게 개선된 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과 사회적 고립에 의한 해마에서의 NGF, Synapsin I 및 ChAT 단백질 감소는 EPC에 의해 개선되며, 이를 통해 해마의 기능 저하를 일부 완충 시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권8호
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• pp.1197-1206
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• 2014

유기농법으로 재배한 친자연개발퇴비열무(YR-FNC), 일반퇴비열무(YR-GC)와 일반관행농법인 화학비료로 재배한 일반열무(YR-Control)로 김치를 제조하여 발효기간의 경과에 따른 품질특성, 관능적 특성 및 기능성에 대한 차이를 관찰하였다. 열무의 일반영양성분 중 수분 및 조단백질의 함량은 유기농 열무(YR-FNC, YR-GC)보다 일반열무(YRControl)에서 높았으나 식이섬유소 및 비타민 C의 함량은 유기농 열무에서 높았다. 무기질 중 인과 구리의 함량은 유기농 열무가 높은 반면 질소, 칼륨, 칼슘, 마그네슘, 철, 망간 및 아연의 함량은 일반열무(YR-Control)에서 높게 나타났다. 일반열무김치(YR-Control)는 발효진행의 속도가 빠르게 진행이 되어 적숙기 pH에 빨리 도달하였고, 유기농 열무김치(YR-FNC, YR-GC)는 발효가 서서히 진행되어 저장성이 길어지는 경향을 확인하였다. 당초 열무김치 담금 초기(0일)부터 열무김치의 총 폴리페놀과 총 플라보노이드의 함량은 유기농 열무김치(YR-FNC, YR-GC)의 경우 일반열무김치(YR-Control)에 비해 약 1.5~3배가 높은 수준으로 나타났으며 발효기간이 경과되면서 일반열무김치(YR-Control)와 유기농 열무김치(YR-FNC)에서 유의적으로 증가하였다. 김치 발효 7일째에 김치의 젖산균인 lactic acid bacteria 함량과 총 균수(total microbial)는 일반열무김치(YRControl)에 비해 유기농 열무김치(YR-FNC)에서 높은 수준이었다. 발효기간이 경과하면서 유기농 열무김치는 관능적 품질의 특성이 우수하였고 저장성을 연장시킬 수 있는 가능성을 시사한다. 따라서 일반관행농법으로 재배한 일반열무 김치에 비해 유기농 열무김치를 섭취함으로써 맛의 증진 효과뿐만 아니라 고기능성 생리활성물질을 높게 섭취할 수 있어 기능성식품 소재로서의 개발 가능성을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2013

본 연구는 거세 및 비거세 유산양고기의 육질특성 및 관능적 특성을 알아보고자 수행하였다. 본 시험에 공시된 유산양은 자넨 품종으로 총 6개월간 사육된 거세 10두, 비거세 10두에서 등심근을 채취하여 육질분석 시료로 이용하였다. 유산양고기의 품질특성 조사를 위해 일반성분, 콜라겐 함량, pH, 육색, 가열감량, 보수력, 전단력, 단백질 용해성 및 SDS-PAGE에 의한 근원섬유 단백질 분포를 측정하였다. 또한, 거세 유무에 따른 이취물질 조사를 위해 관능평가 및 GC-MS에 의한 휘발성 물질을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 화학적 조성 및 이화학적 특성에 있어서는 거세유무에 따른 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, SDS-PAGE에 의한 근원섬유 단백질 분포도에 있어서도 처리구간 주요 단백질인 마이오신(200 kDa)과 액틴(45 kDa)의 양상에 있어서 뚜렷한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 관능평가 결과에 있어서는 비거세 유산양고기에서 이취항목의 점수가 높게 평가되어 전체적인 기호성에 있어서 부정적인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 관능평가 결과를 토대로 GC-MS를 이용하여 휘발성 물질을 조사한 결과, 비거세 유산양고기에서만 인돌, 옥타데카에노익산 등의 물질이 검출되었다. 따라서, 향후 국내에서 사육하고 있는 유산양수컷고기의 유통을 위해서는 거세를 실시하는 것이 소비자에게 좋은 호응을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.779-782
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• 2005

Coupled transcription/translation cocktail을 이용하여 R. glutinis EH 유전자를 in vitro에서 합성하고 활성을 평가하였다. SDS-PAGE 및 immunoblotting을 통하여 45 kDa 크기의 EH 단백질이 발현되었음을 확인하였고, NBP assay 및 chiral GC 분석을 통해 발현된 단백질이 (R)-styrene oxide에 대한 입체선택성이 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 무세포 단백질 합성 시스템을 이용하여 입체선택성을 유지시킨 EH 유전자 발현이 가능하며, 이러한 방법은 putative EH 유전자 탐색 등에 효율적으로 응용될 것이다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.313-322
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• 2007

Extract of Japanese red pine needles has been used in Asia pacific regions since long periods believing its valuable properties as tonic and ability of curing diseases of unidentified symptoms. Some selective compounds present in the extract and their effects were analyzed. Carbohydrates and vitamin c were identified using HPLC; terpenoid compounds by GC-MS; anti-bacterial analysis by paper discs, plates count and gastrointestinal motility by whole cell patch clamp. The extract is a mixture of compounds therefore its diverse effect was expected. Self-fermentation in extract proceeds after spontaneous appearance of yeast strains without inoculation. Effects and composition of the extract vary with varying period of self-fermentation. Extract inhibits the growth of bacteria dose dependently exhibiting its antibacterial properties however effectiveness increases with increase in fermentation period. The extract also can modulate gastrointestinal motility in murine small intestine by modulating pace maker currents in ICC mediated through ATP sensitive potassium channel.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.355-361
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• 2006

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain Chinju99, which was previously isolated from piglets suffering from severe diarrhea was used to characterize the membrane (M) protein gene to establish the molecular information, and the results will be useful in elucidating concepts related to molecular pathogenesis and antigenic structures of PEDV isolates. The Chinju99 M gene generated by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) consisted of 681 bases containing 22.3% adenine, 22.3% cytosine, 23.1% guanine and 32.3% thymine nucleotides, and the GC content was 45.4%. It had some nucleotide mismatches from M gene of other PEDV strains, such as CV777, Br1/87, KPEDV-9, JMe2, JS2004-2 and LJB-03 with 97-99% nucleotide sequence homology to these strains. Also, it encoded a protein of 226 amino acids, which had some mismatches from those of CV777, Br1/87, KPEDV-9, JMe2, JS20004-2 and LJB-03, as the amino acid sequence homology showed a 97-98% to these strains. The Chinju99 had a very close relationship to the Japanese strain JMe2 for the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the M gene. The amino acids predicted from Chinju99 M gene consisted of mostly hydrophobic residues and contained three potential sites for asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation, two serine (S)-linked phosphorylation sites by protein kinase C, and two S- or threonine (T)-linked phosphorylation sites by casein kinase II.