• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose a method for a mobile robot to estimate a specific location of a service provision target using a beacon-tag for the purpose of providing location-based services (LBS) to users in an indoor environment. To estimate the location, the irregular characteristics and error factors of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) generated from the beacon are analyzed, and the distance conversion function is derived from the RSSI data extracted by applying a Gaussian filter. Then, the distance data converted from the plurality of beacons estimates an indoor location through a triangulation technique. After that, the improvement in the location estimation is analyzed by applying the temporal confidence reasoning technique. The possibility of providing a LBS of a mobile robot was confirmed through a location estimation experiment for a plurality of designated locations in an indoor environment.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.2390-2395
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• 2011

이 논문에서는, 통신 채널의 다중경로에 의한 심볼간 간섭 (ISI)과 와 임펄스 잡음을 극복하도록 하기 위해 오류 확률의 유클리드 거리를 최소화하는 결정 궤환 등화 알고리듬을 제안하였다. 오류 확률의 유클리드 거리는 오류 확률과 델타 함수의 차이로 정의하였다. 등화기 가중치에 대해 유클리드 거리를 최소화함으로써 제안한 알고리듬은 임펄스 잡음에 대한 강건성 뿐 아니라 심각한 다중경로 채널의 잔여 ISI를 제거하는 효과를 보였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권1C호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2010

코렌트로피는 일반화된 상관함수로서 확률밀도함수의 고차 모멘트를 가지는데 이는 기존의 모멘트 확장 방식들보다 더 높은 고차 모멘트이다. 두 다른 랜덤 변수의 상호 코렌트로피를 최대화하는 이 기준 방식은 최소자승오차 기준 방식과 비교할 때, 비선형, 비 가우시안 신호 처리 환경에서 특히 탁월한 성능을 나타낸다. 이 논문에서는, 상호 코렌트로피 기준에 근거한 새로운 블라인드 등화 기법을 제안한다. 이 기법은 등화기 출력의 확률밀도함수와, 송신 심볼의 분포에 맞추어 발생시킨 랜덤심볼의 파전 확률밀도 추정치라는 두 확률변수에 상호 코렌트로피를 적용한다. 상호 코렌트로피에 근거한 제안 방식의 블라인드 등화 성능을 유클리디언 거리 최소화 방식과 비교하였다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2007

In this paper, a modified Fuzzy C-Means (MFCM) algorithm is presented for nonlinear blind channel equalization. The proposed MFCM searches the optimal channel output states of a nonlinear channel, based on the Bayesian likelihood fitness function instead of a conventional Euclidean distance measure. In its searching procedure, all of the possible desired channel states are constructed with the elements of estimated channel output states. The desired state with the maximum Bayesian fitness is selected and placed at the center of a Radial Basis Function (RBF) equalizer to reconstruct transmitted symbols. In the simulations, binary signals are generated at random with Gaussian noise. The performance of the proposed method is compared with that of a hybrid genetic algorithm (GA merged with simulated annealing (SA): GASA), and the relatively high accuracy and fast searching speed are achieved.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.591-596
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• 1986

A binary continuous phase frequency shift keying (CPFSK), whose phase is a continuous function of time and instantaneous frequency is constant, is a bandwidth efficient constant envelope signalling scheme. A transmitting signal is formed by combined coding of a convolutional encoder and a binary CPFSK modulator. The signal is transmitted throuth additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN) channel. If the received signal is detected by a coherent maximum likelihood(ML) receiver, error probability can be expressed approximately in terms of minimum Euclidean distance. We propose rate 2/4 codes for the improvement of error performance without increating the data rate per bandwidth and the receiver complexity. Its minimum Euclidean distances are compared with those of rate \ulcornercodes as a function of modulation index and observation interval.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.179-184
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• 1993

비정질 합금 $Fe_{78}Si_{9}B_{13}$의 구조를 X-선 회절상을 분석하여 구하였다. 계산된 동경분포함수(RDF)의 첫번째 peak는 최인접 원자의 분포를 나타내는 것으로 Gaussian 함수형태를 나타낸다. 구조분석에서 본 시료의 최인접 원자배위수는 13.5이고, 최인접 원자간 평균거리 $r_{0}$는 $2.595{\AA}$, 인접원자들의 분포를 나타내는 Gaussian 함수의 변수 ${\delta}r$은 $0.27{\AA}$이다. 저온에서의 포화자화의 온도 의존성은 spin 파로 설명할 수 있으며, 이 때에 계산된 spin파 stiffness 상수는 $117.8\;meV\;{\AA}^2$ 이다. 또한, 포화자화의 온도 의존성을 Handrich의 분자장 이론식과 맞추어 얻은 변수는 각각 S=1/2 일때 ${\Delta}=0.32$이고, S=1 일때 ${\Delta}=0.23$으로 이론식과 실험결과가 전체적으로 잘 일치한다. 구조분석 결과와 분자장 이론식에서 구한 변수를 활용하여 spin파 stiffness 상수를 계산할 수 있으며, 이로써 구한 값은 S=1/2일때 $149\;meV\;{\AA}^2$ 이고, S=1 일 때 $138\;meV\;{\AA}^2$ 이다. 또한, 평균 교환결합상수 J($r_{0}$)는 S=1/2일때 17.9 meV이고, S=1일때는 J($r_{0}$)는 6.7 meV 으로 추정된다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권11호
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• pp.2108-2116
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• 2008

The paper concerns Fuzzy C-Means clustering based Radial Basis Function neural networks (FCM-RBFNN) and the optimization of the network is carried out by means of Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO). FCM-RBFNN is the extended architecture of Radial Basis Function Neural Network(RBFNN). In the proposed network, the membership functions of the premise part of fuzzy rules do not assume any explicit functional forms such as Gaussian, ellipsoidal, triangular, etc., so its resulting fitness values directly rely on the computation of the relevant distance between data points by means of FCM. Also, as the consequent part of fuzzy rules extracted by the FCM - RBFNN model, the order of four types of polynomials can be considered such as constant, linear, quadratic and modified quadratic. Weighted Least Square Estimator(WLSE) are used to estimates the coefficients of polynomial. Since the performance of FCM-RBFNN is affected by some parameters of FCM-RBFNN such as a specific subset of input variables, fuzzification coefficient of FCM, the number of rules and the order of polynomials of consequent part of fuzzy rule, we need the structural as well as parametric optimization of the network. In this study, the PSO is exploited to carry out the structural as well as parametric optimization of FCM-RBFNN. Moreover The proposed model is demonstrated with the use of numerical example and gas furnace data set.

• 음성과학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2008

Recently, the multi-model based speech recognizer has been used quite successfully for noisy speech recognition. For the selection of the reference HMM (hidden Markov model) which best matches the noise type and SNR (signal to noise ratio) of the input testing speech, the estimation of the SNR value using the VAD (voice activity detection) algorithm and the classification of the noise type based on the GMM (Gaussian mixture model) have been done separately in the multi-model framework. As the SNR estimation process is vulnerable to errors, we propose an efficient method which can classify simultaneously the SNR values and noise types. The KL (Kullback-Leibler) distance between the single Gaussian distributions for the noise signal during the training and testing is utilized for the classification. The recognition experiments have been done on the Aurora 2 database showing the usefulness of the model compensation method in the multi-model based speech recognizer. We could also see that further performance improvement was achievable by combining the probability density function of the MCT (multi-condition training) with that of the reference HMM compensated by the D-JA (data-driven Jacobian adaptation) in the multi-model based speech recognizer.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.257-265
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• 2021

Many studies have been performed to predict a reliable and accurate stress-range distribution and fatigue damage regarding the Gaussian wide-band stress response due to multi-peak waves and multiple dynamic loads. So far, most of the approximation models provide slightly inaccurate results in comparison with the rain-flow counting method as an exact solution. A step-by-step study was carried out to develop new approximate spectral moments that are close to the rain-flow counting moment, which can be used for the development of a fatigue damage model. Using the special parameters and bandwidth parameters, four kinds of parameter-based combinations were constructed and estimated using the R-squared values from regression analysis. Based on the results, four candidate empirical formulas were determined and compared with the rain-flow counting moment, probability density function, and root mean square (RMS) value for relative distance. The new approximate spectral moments were finally decided through comparison studies of eight response spectra. The new spectral moments presented in this study could play an important role in improving the accuracy of fatigue damage model development. The present study shows that the new approximate moment is a very important variable for the enhancement of Gaussian wide-band fatigue damage assessment.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2017

무선 통신시스템에서 Random 과정을 해석적으로 표현할 수 있으며 적당한 확률분포를 구할 수 있다. 감쇄지수함수 확률분포에 의한 가우스, 레일레이, 나카가미 확률분포를 쉽게 유도했으며 시뮬레이션을 그림으로 보인다. 시간의 개념을 포함한 파형의 집합에 의한 확률적 표현이 Random과정(or Stochasic Process)인데 이를 무선환경의 조건에 따라 유도한다. 또한 가시거리 통신과 비가시거리 채널환경을 Rayleigh와 Rician 채널로 구체적인 예를 SISO, MIMO 환경에서 보인다. 또한, 본 논문에서 채널이 송신 블록 동안 일정하고 연속적인 송신 블록 사이에서 독립적으로 변하는 블록 페이딩 채널 모델을 가정함으로써 i.i.d 채널을 갖는 높은 SNR 영역에서 더 나은 성능을 얻을 수 있다는 동기를 부여한다. 이러한 변환을 실현하기 위한 알고리즘은 크로네 커 MIMO 채널에 적용 할 수 있다.