• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.165-184
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• 2023

The ARX-based lightweight block cipher is widely used in resource-constrained IoT devices due to fast and simple operation of software and hardware platforms. However, there are three weaknesses to ARX-based lightweight block ciphers. Firstly, only half of the data can be changed in one round. Secondly, traditional ARX-based lightweight block ciphers are static structures, which provide limited security. Thirdly, it has poor diffusion when the initial plaintext and key are all 0 or all 1. This paper proposes a new dynamic ARX-based lightweight block cipher to overcome these weaknesses, called DABC. DABC can change all data in one round, which overcomes the first weakness. This paper combines the key and the generalized two-dimensional cat map to construct a dynamic permutation layer P1, which improves the uncertainty between different rounds of DABC. The non-linear component of the round function alternately uses NAND gate and AND gate to increase the complexity of the attack, which overcomes the third weakness. Meanwhile, this paper proposes the round-based architecture of DABC and conducted ASIC and FPGA implementation. The hardware results show that DABC has less hardware resource and high throughput. Finally, the safety evaluation results show that DABC has a good avalanche effect and security.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2024

최근 신호처리, 암호학 등 다양한 분야에서 FFT(Fast Fourier Transform)의 활용이 증가함에 따라 최적화 연구의 중요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array) 하드웨어를 사용하여 radix-2 16 points FFT 알고리즘을 기존 연구들보다 빠르고 효율적으로 처리하는 가속기 구현 연구에 대해 기술한다. FPGA가 갖는 병렬처리 및 파이프라이닝 등의 하드웨어 이점을 활용하여 PL(Programmable Logic) 파트에서 Verilog 언어를 통해 FFT Logic을 설계 및 구현한다. 이후 PL 파트에서의 처리 시간 비교를 위해 PS(Processing System) 파트에서 Zynq 프로세서만을 사용하여 구현 후, 연산 시간을 비교한다. 또한 관련 연구와의 비교를 통해 본 구현 방법의 연산 시간 및 리소스 사용의 효율성을 보인다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.97-119
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• 2023

The number of industrial Internet of Things (IoT) users is increasing rapidly. Lightweight block ciphers have started to be used to protect the privacy of users. Hardware-oriented security design should fully consider the use of fewer hardware devices when the function is fully realized. Thus, this paper designs a lightweight block cipher IIoTBC for industrial IoT security. IIoTBC system structure is variable and flexibly adapts to nodes with different security requirements. This paper proposes a 4×4 S-box that achieves a good balance between area overhead and cryptographic properties. In addition, this paper proposes a preprocessing method for 4×4 S-box logic gate expressions, which makes it easier to obtain better area, running time, and power data in ASIC implementation. Applying it to 14 classic lightweight block cipher S-boxes, the results show that is feasible. A series of performance tests and security evaluations were performed on the IIoTBC. As shown by experiments and data comparisons, IIoTBC is compact and secure in industrial IoT sensor nodes. Finally, IIoTBC has been implemented on a temperature state acquisition platform to simulate encrypted transmission of temperature in an industrial environment.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2016

Recently, as IoT (Internet of Things) becomes more important, low cost implementation of sensor nodes also becomes critical issues for two well-known standards, IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.15.6 which stands for WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network) and WBAN (Wireless Body Area Network), respectively. This paper presents the area-optimized AES-CCM (Advanced Encryption Standard - Counter with CBC-MAC) hardware security engine which can support both IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.15.6 standards. First, for the low cost design, we propose the 8-bit AES encryption core with the S-box that consists of fully combinational logic based on composite field arithmetic. We also exploit the toggle method to reduce the complexity of design further by reusing the AES core for performing two operation mode of AES-CCM. The implementation results show that the total gate count of proposed AES-CCM security engine can be reduced by up to 42.5% compared to the conventional design.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2016

Recently, coastal erosion has been widely in progress and the erosion level becomes also serious in the world wide, espeically in East Sea in Korea. Since it would threaten the life, economics and security risk, it is necessary to much comprehend the reason why coastal erosion has occurred according to the geographical characteristics. Meanwhile, analysis about hydrodynamics of the solitary wave such as tunami in swash zone is needed for the best management practice of coastal erosion. Solitary wave is nonlinear wave and can be reproduced in the laboratoy scale by openning suddenly a sluice gate with water head difference, of which methodology was found in the literature, since it could be simply determined by a significant wave height. Thus, in this sutdy the generation of solitary wave was experimentalized using the sluice gate. Experimental conditions were classified by angles of a beach slope, a water level in a beach slope and a difference of water level between in a headtank and a channel bed. Two kinds of dimensionless analyses based from experimental results in this study were presented; the first analysis indicates nondimensionalization between the wave height and the water level in a beach slope in order to investigate characteristics of solitary wave approaching the beach. The second shows the other nondimensionalization between dynamic pressure and static pressure on a beach slope to investigate the relationship between wave breaking and wave pressure. Under the same conditions as laboratory experiments, the numerical results computed with a SWAN model embedded in FLOW 3D were compared in terms of wave height, and pressure on the beach slope, which shows good agreement with each other. Overall results from this study could provide fundamental hydraulic data for the reliabile verification of numerical simulation results about coastal erosion in swash zone caused by solitary waves.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2008

이동식 시스템의 보안관련 문제점 등을 해결하기 위하여 본 논문은 네트워크 환경과 유무선 통신망에 적합하며 구현의 용이성, 비도 유지, 재수정 및 재사용 할 수 있으며 TCP/IP 프로토콜 아키텍쳐에 적합한 이동식 스마트카드용 MT-Serpent 암호알고리즘을 소프트웨어 기반이 아닌 하드웨어 기반 칩 레벨로 구현하였다. 구현된 MT-Serpent 암호시스템은 크기면에서 4,032이고 throughput은 406.2Mbps@2.44MHz를 가진다. 구현된 MT-Serpent 암호알고리즘은 스마트카드 등과 같은 이동식 시스템의 특징을 살릴 수 있도록 하기 위하여 TCP/IP 프로토콜의 보안 취약성을 보강하며 유무선 환경에서 여러 종류의 서비스가 가능하고 다수의 사용자에 대한 보안을 유지하는데 주요한 목적이 있다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.4122-4144
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• 2021

In this fast-paced technological world, the Internet of Things is a ground breaking technology which finds an immense role in the present electronic world which includes different embedded sensors, devices and most other things which are connected to the Internet. The IoT devices are designed in a way that it helps to collect various forms of data from varied sources and transmit them in digitalized form. In modern era of IoT technology data security is a trending issue which greatly affects the confidentiality of important information. Keeping the issue in mind a novel light encryption strategy known as LCB is designed for IoT devices for optimal security. LCB exploits the benefits of Feistel structure and the architectural benefits of substitution permutation network both to give more security. Moreover, this newly designed technique is tested on (Virtex-7) XC7VX330T FPGA board and it takes much little area of 224 GE (Gate Equivalent) and is extremely fast with very less combinational path delay of 0.877 ns. An in-depth screening confirms the proposed work to promise more security to counter cryptographic attacks. Lastly the Avalanche Effect (AE) of LCB showed as 63.125% and 63.875% when key and plaintext (PT) are taken into consideration respectively.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.282-286
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 90개의 시설을 대상으로 물리적 보안시스템 구축 및 운용수준에 대해 조사하여 결과를 분석하고 향상방안을 제시하였다. CCTV에 대한 구축수준과 운영수준이 출입통제시스템이나 침입감지시스템에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났으나 구축된 보안시스템에 대한 개선이나 유지 관리 수준이 낮게 나타나 구축 후 관리가 부족하게 나타났다. X-ray 검색기를 설치한 시설이 적게 나타났지만 이는 물품의 반입 반출을 검색에 대한 관심을 보여주는 것이라 할 수 있다. 물리적 보안시스템을 통합적으로 구축 운영 수준이 비교적 낮게 나왔는데, 물리적 보안시스템의 기능과 보안인력의 기능이 연계될 수 있도록 기술과 운영을 포함한 통합보안운영체계 구축을 확대하는 것이 필요하다. 출입통제시스템의 효과를 높이기 위하여 구역별 개인별로 세분화 된 형태로 출입통제시스템을 운용하고, 많은 인원의 출입을 동시에 통제할 수 있고 일정한 경계구역을 설정할 수 있는 스피드게이트와 RFID의 사용을 확대할 필요가 있다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.290-299
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• 2013

본 연구는 국회의사당의 시설을 이용하는 인원을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고, 그 결과를 분석하여 국회의사당의 시설보안 향상방안을 제시하였다. 국회의사당 시설을 이용하는 많은 대상자들은 본인의 보안의식수준이 보통이상인 것으로 인식하고 있고, 국회의사당이 국가중요시설 가급이라는 사실은 알고 있지만 국가중요시설 가급이 어떤 시설인지에 대해 모르는 경우가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 국회의사당의 시설보안설계가 부족하고 현재보다 더 강화된 출입통제 조치가 필요하다고 인식하고 있으며, 스피드게이트 설치 및 장애물 보강이 필요한 것으로 인식하고 있다. 출입통제강화 조치로 인한 불편함을 감수하겠다는 의견은 출입통제장치 설치에 긍정적으로 작용할 수 있을 것이다. 보안교육의 필요성에 대한 인식이 비교적 높지만 현재 적절한 보안교육이 이루어지지 않고 있어 현실적이고 적절한 보안교육방법을 찾고 이를 실행하는 것이 필요하며, 실질적인 교육을 위해 국회시설별 이용자의 보안인식을 고려하고, 교육여건을 감안하여 보안교육역량을 높이는 것이 필요하다.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to suggest a scheme to provide children safer and more comfortable walking circumstances by survey current walking circumstances of schoolzone ways. A scheme suggested in this study was based on the analysis of survey to elementary school in 3 Newtowns(Dongtan, Dongbaek and Gumdan City) and actually surveyed data on school zone, the scheme can be summed up as follows; First, to avoid pedestrian roads being interrupted and to expend waiting space near schoolzone ways, several measures are needed including fixing roads and building additional gateway. Second, pedestrian crossings in front of school gate should be located at least 30m away from the left side of the gate. Third, to secure pedestrians' safety in school zone ways should be planed and established more security concepts und facilities.