• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.218-226
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• 2012

Dopamine is an enteric neurotransmitter that regulates gastrointestinal motility. This study was done to investigate whether dopamine modulates spontaneous pacemaker activity in cultured interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) from mouse using whole cell patch clamp technique, RT-PCR and live $Ca^{2+}$ imaging analysis. ICCs generate pacemaker inward currents at a holding potential of -70 mV and generate pacemaker potentials in current-clamp mode. Dopamine did not change the frequency and amplitude of pacemaker activity in small intestinal ICCs. On the contrary dopamine reduced the frequency and amplitude of pacemaker activity in large intestinal ICCs. RT-PCR analysis revealed that Dopamine2 and 4-receptors are expressed in c-Kit positive ICCs. Dopamine2 and 4 receptor agonists inhibited pacemaker activity in large intestinal ICCs mimicked those of dopamine. Domperidone, dopamine2 receptor antagonist, increased the frequency of pacemaker activity of large intestinal ICCs. In $Ca^{2+}$-imaging, dopamine inhibited spontaneous intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ oscillations of ICCs. These results suggest that dopamine can regulate gastrointestinal motility through modulating pacemaker activity of large intestinal ICCs and dopamine effects on ICCs are mediated by dopamine2 receptor and intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ modulation.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.563-569
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• 2018

Background/Aims: To evaluate patients with portal hypertension (PH) of varied etiologies for portal hypertensive enteropathy (PHE) using the PillCam SB3 capsule endoscopy (CE) system. Methods: Consecutive patients with PH presenting with unexplained anemia and/or occult gastrointestinal bleeding were evaluated using the PillCam SB3 CE system. Abnormal findings were categorized as vascular or non-vascular. The patients with ongoing bleeding caused by PHE were treated. The correlation of the CE scores of PHE with the clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic features was determined. Results: Of the 43 patients included in the study, 41 (95.3%) showed PHE findings. These included varices (67.4%), red spots (60.5%), erythema (44.2%), villous edema (46.5%), telangiectasia (16.3%), and polyps (16.3%). The CE scores varied from 0 to 8 ($mean{\pm}standard$ deviation, $4.09{\pm}1.8$). Five patients (11.6%) showed evidence of ongoing or recent bleeding due to PHE. Three of these five patients underwent endotherapy, and one patient underwent radiological coil placement. Conclusions: The PillCam SB3 CE system revealed a high prevalence of PHE in the patients with PH. Using this system, evidence of bleeding due to PHE was found in a small but definite proportion of the patients.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2015

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the pancreas is extremely rare, although it may be increasingly diagnosed due to the widespread use of cross-sectional imaging of the abdomen. Early diagnosis of this disease is important to prevent delay of treatment and resulting fatal complications. We report a rare case of pancreatic AVM in a 48-year-old man who presented with severe chronic anemia and early gastric cancer, which made diagnosis challenging. Imaging findings, including ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, are shown, as well as the pathologic features.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.297-303
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• 2020

The musculoskeletal system can be involved as an extra-intestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease. Among these, myositis in ulcerative colitis (UC) is very rare. A 14-year-old girl was admitted due to severe shoulder tenderness. She had complained of left jaw pain and swelling for the past 10 days. Inflammatory markers were elevated with no evidence of infectious etiology. Myositis was suspected by shoulder magnetic resonance imaging. Three days after admission, she developed hematochezia. Muscle biopsy and colonoscopy was performed due to worsening left mandibular area pain and persistent hematochezia. Colonoscopy showed consistent findings with UC. She was finally diagnosed with UC with myositis as an extra-intestinal manifestation. She showed a dramatic response to UC treatment. Gastrointestinal symptoms were well-controlled. After 14 months, UC symptoms and muscle pain were aggravated, which were relieved after steroid and cyclosporin treatment. We report a unique case of UC initially presented with myositis, preceding gastrointestinal symptoms.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.161-171
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• 2015

Image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) is a process of incorporating imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Positron emission tomography (PET), and ultrasound (US) during radiation therapy (RT) to improve treatment accuracy. It allows real-time or near real-time visualization of anatomical information to ensure that the target is in its position as planned. In addition, changes in tumor volume and location due to organ motion during treatment can be also compensated. IGRT has been gaining popularity and acceptance rapidly in RT over the past 10 years, and many published data have been reported on prostate, bladder, head and neck, and gastrointestinal cancers. However, the role of IGRT in lymphoma management is not well defined as there are only very limited published data currently available. The scope of this paper is to review the current use of IGRT in the management of lymphoma. The technical and clinical aspects of IGRT, lymphoma imaging studies, the current role of IGRT in lymphoma management and future directions will be discussed.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.541-546
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• 2018

Recent advances in cholangiopancreatoscopy technology permit image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) for pancreatobiliary diseases. There are limitations in endoscopy performance and in the study of the clinical role of IEE in bile duct or pancreatic duct diseases. However, currently available IEEs during cholangiopancreatoscopy including traditional dye-aided chromoendoscopy, autofluorescence imaging, narrow-band imaging, and i-Scan have been evaluated and reported previously. Although the clinical role of IEE in pancreatobiliary diseases should be verified in future studies, IEE is a useful promising tool in the evaluation of bile duct or pancreatic duct mucosal lesions.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2016

Gardner syndrome is known as a variant of familial adenomatous polyposis. This syndrome is characterized by multiple intestinal polyposes, osteomas, and epidermoid cysts. In addition, dental abnormalities include an increased frequency of multiple odontomas, as well as supernumerary and impacted teeth. The authors report the case of a 7-year-old male patient with Gardner syndrome. Radiographic findings revealed multiple osteomas in both sides of the maxilla, multiple diffuse enostoses in both jaws, and a complex odontoma in the left mandibular body. Two years later, multiple epidermoid cysts on the scalp were found. Since this patient was suspected to have Gardner syndrome, the authors recommended gastrointestinal endoscopy to check for intestinal polyposis. Gastrointestinal endoscopic examination revealed multiple polyposes in the upper gastrointestinal tract and fundus of the stomach. As a result, the final diagnosis was Gardner syndrome.

• 한국건강관리협회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2003

Vomiting in pediatric patient is frequently encountered problem in emergency room or outpatient clinic. In differential diagnosis, age of the patient or accompanying symptoms should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Accurate diagnosis is very important because surgical treatment is necessary in some of the conditions. Imaging diagnosis of conservative modality such as upper gastrointestinal series or colon study is still important radiological examination in the initial differential diagnosis, but recently ultrasonography offers accurate diagnosis in many situations. The cause of vomiting in pediatric are diverse according to the age group :neonatal sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, or hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in neonates : gastroesophageal reflux, viral enteritis, or intussusception in infant: midgut volvulus, appendicitis, metabolic disorders, or increased intracranial pressure also an be the cause. knowledge of radiological findings of normal gastrointestinal tract is important to recognize abnormalities. A discussion of radiological findings in variable surgical conditions to present as vomiting in pediatric patients is offered.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.534-540
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• 2018

From dye-assisted conventional chromoendoscopy to novel virtual chromoendoscopy, image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) is continuously evolving to meet clinical needs and improve the quality of colonoscopy. Dye-assisted chromoendoscopy using indigo carmine or crystal violet, although slightly old-fashioned, is still useful to emphasize the pit patterns of the colonic mucosa and predict the histological structures of relevant lesions. Equipment-based virtual chromoendoscopy has the advantage of being relatively easy to use. There are several types of virtual chromoendoscopy that vary depending on the manufacturer and operating principle. IEE plays distinctive roles with respect to histologic characterization of colorectal polyps and prediction of the invasion depth of colorectal cancers. In addition, the newest models of IEE have the potential to increase adenoma and polyp detection rates in screening colonoscopy.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2008

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is one of the mesenchymal tumors originated from gastrointestinal submucosa. A 10 year-old, male, mixed breed dog with persistent diarrhea, anorexia and lethargy was referred to Haemaru Animal Referral Hospital. Large mass originated from the transverse colon was observed and large amount of ascites and free gas were found on abdominal radiography and ultrasonography. The ascites was septic exudate mixed with bacteria that consisted with intestinal perforation. There was no metastatic lesion. This mass was tentatively diagnosed as adenocarcinoma, leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and lymphosarcoma and surgical resection and histilogical examination were planned. However, according to owner's request, the patient was euthanized and then the necropsy was performed. About 10 cm sized mass originated from the cecum, ascending colon and transverse colon was adhered to surrounding mesentery and the perforation and large amount of ascites were observed. GIST was suspected on histopathologic examination and confirmed according to CD 117 expression in immunohistochemistry. GIST, derived from interstitial cells of Cajal, can be distinguished from LMS and leiomyoma (LM) on the basis of expression of CD117 (KIT) immunohistochemically. GIST has a different biological behavior and clinical course compared with LMS and LM, therefore definite diagnosis for GIST using immunohistochemistry is clinically important to predict the precise prognosis of the patient.