• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.78-89
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• 2017

Purpose: To determine the optimal radiotherapy technique for gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALToma), we compared the dosimetric parameters and the risk of solid secondary cancer from scattered doses among anterior-posterior/ posterior-anterior parallel-opposed fields (AP/PA), anterior, posterior, right, and left lateral fields (4_field), 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) using noncoplanar beams, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy composed of 7 coplanar beams (IMRT_co) and 7 coplanar and noncoplanar beams (IMRT_non). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively generated 5 planning techniques for 5 patients with gastric MALToma. Homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI), and mean doses of the kidney and liver were calculated from the dose-volume histograms. Applied the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation VII report to scattered doses, the lifetime attributable risk (LAR) was calculated to estimate the risk of solid secondary cancer. Results: The best value of CI was obtained with IMRT, although the HI varied among patients. The mean kidney dose was the highest with AP/PA, followed by 4_field, 3D-CRT, IMRT_co, and IMRT_non. On the other hand, the mean liver dose was the highest with 4_field and the lowest with AP/PA. Compared with 4_field, the LAR for 3D-CRT decreased except the lungs, and the LAR for IMRT_co and IMRT_non increased except the lungs. However, the absolute differences were much lower than <1%. Conclusion: Tailored RT techniques seem to be beneficial because it could achieve adjacent organ sparing with very small and clinically irrelevant increase of secondary solid cancer risk compared to the conventional techniques.

• 약학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2005

Present study was performed for the development of a new supplementary product with gastroprotective effect. The preliminary screening were conducted for the effects of HCl-ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats. Samples were aloe gel, active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) mentioned that have GI protective property and pulmuone healthy aloe gel (PHAG) that mixture of natural products from Pulmuone company. Aloe gel significantly inhibited HCl-ethanol-induced gastric lesions at the oral dose of 5 ml/kg. AHCC showed the strongest effectiveness at the oral dose of 1,200 mg/kg. PHAG also showed the significant effects at the oral dose of 10, 20 g/kg. In pylorus ligated rats, the treatments of aloe gel, AHCC and PHAG showed decrease in the volume of gastric secretion and acid output. And aloe gel, AHCC and PHAG significantly suppressed the aspirin-induced ulcer and chronic ulcer in pylorus ligated rats. The treatments of aloe gel and PHAG significantly reduced acetic acid-induced ulcer at the oral dose of 5 ml/kg and 10 g/kg for 12 days. In this study; we have found that PHAG had significant improvement in acute gastritis and ulcer at the dose of 20 g/kg and in chronic gastritis and ulcer at the dose of 10 g/kg. Also we evaluated the anti-bacterial activity against H. pylori treated with aloe gel, AHCC and PHAG. PHAG had a equivalent anti bacterial activity with ampicillin against H. pylori at the dose of 1 g/kg.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.133-146
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects of persimmon leaf extracts on human gastric cancer cells. In vitro anticancer effects of persimmon leaf extracts (water extract at 8$0^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours, water extract at room temperature for 48 hours, 50% ethanol extract at 8$0^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours, 50% ethanol extract at room temperature for 48 hours, 75% ethanol extract at 8$0^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours and 75% ethanol extract at room temperature for 48 hours) on SNU16 (Korean gastric cancer cell) were investigated by MTT assay. Persimmon leaf extracts exhibited strong in vitro anticancer effects. We found that the higher the ethanol content of the solvent, the stronger the in vitro anticancer effects. Extraction yields, contents of flavonoids, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E were measured. We found that the higher the ethanol content of the solvent, the higher the extraction yields and the contents of flavonoids, vitamin A and vitamin E. Among persimmon leaf extracts, 75% ethanol 8$0^{\circ}C$ extract showed the highest extraction yield, the highest contents of flavonoids, vitamin A and vitamin E and exhibitied the strongest in vitro anticancer effect on SNU16. Therefore, 75% ethanol 8$0^{\circ}C$ extract was chosen as the material to investigate in vivo anticancer effects. In vivo anticancer effect of persimmon leaf 75% ethanol 8$0^{\circ}C$ extract was investigated in SNU16 transplanted nude mice. Twenty five female nude mice (BALB/c) were blocked into five groups according to body weight and raised for 4 weeks with diets containing 4% (w/w), 8% (w/w) persimmon leaf 75% ethanol 8$0^{\circ}C$ extract, with IT (intratumoral) injection treatment with 1.65 mg/100 $\mu$1, 3.3 mg/100 $\mu$1 concentration every other day 3 weeks after SNU16 was transplanted. Persimmon 75% ethanol 8$0^{\circ}C$ extract significantly lowered tumor weight and tumor volume in SNU16 transplanted nude mice. Tumor weight and tumor volume in all experimental groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. Helper T cell (CD4) levels of mice injected with 3.3 mg/100 $\mu$1 extract significantly increased. Cytotoxic T cell (CD8) levels in all experimental groups significantly increased and helper/cytotoxic T cell ratios in all experimental groups significantly decreased. Natural killer cell and MHC class II molecule in all experimental groups significantly increased. In conclusion, persimmon leaf 75% ethanol 8$0^{\circ}C$ extract exhibited strong in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects against SNU16 cells and it increased cytotoxic T cell, natural killer cell and MHC classII molecule in experimental groups in SNU16 transplanted nude mice.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1545-1552
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• 2005

본 실험에서 흰쥐에 실험적으로 급성위염, 위궤양 및 십이지장궤양을 유발하고 지유 에틸아세테이트분획을 투여하여 항위염 및 항궤양에 미치는 영향을 검토하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 지유 에탄올 추출물을 n-헥산, 클로르포룸, 에틸아세테이트 및 n-부타놀과 물로 계통분획하여 농축하고 in vitro에서 항산화력을 측정한 결과 에틸아세테이트분획이 가장 우수하였다. 지유 에틸아세테이트분획 (SOL & SOH)의 HCI-EtOH급성위염에 대한 억제율은 각각 $27.7\%$, $31.7\%$로 대조약물로 사용된 cimetidine(CMT, $47.2\%$)의 억제효과에는 미치지 못했으나 CON에 비해 우수하였다. Indomethacin유발 위궤양에서, SOL & SOH의 위궤양억제율은 각각 $48.28\%$, $51.08\%$로 대조약물로 사용된 CMT($58.26\%$)의 억제효과에는 미치지 못했으나 CON에 비하며 유의 성있는 억제효과를 나타냈다. Shay 위궤양에서, 지유 에틸아세테이트분획을 십이지장에서 위내로 투여하였을 때 궤양 억제율은 SOL이 $42.86\%$로 CON에 비하여 억제되었으나 유의성 있는 효과는 아니었으며, 용량을 증량하여 투여한 SOH는 $47.71\%$로 대조약물인 omeprazol(OMP)의 저해효과($62.00\%$)에 미치지는 못했으나 CON에 비해 유의적민 효과를 나타내었다. 위액량 및 총위산분비량에서, 지유 에틸아세데이트분획 투여로 CON에 비하여 $32.11\%$와 $47.69\%$, $24.28\%$와 $34.69\%$의 감소로 유의성 있는 효과를 나타냈으며 OMP($55.69\%$, $41.62\%$)에 근접하게 감소되었다. pepsin 활성은 지유 에틸아세테이트분획 투여로 CON에 비해 각각 $19.55\%$, $\%21.45$가 저하되었으나 유의성있는 변화는 아니었다. 수침 $\cdot$ 구속 스트레스에 의해 유발된 궤양의 경우, SOL는 궤양억제율이 $9.23\%$ 로 CON와 유사하게 출혈을 동반한 깊은 궤양이 관찰되었으나 용량을 증량하여 투여한 SOH는 $48.45\%$로 CON에 비해 궤양의 깊이도 얕아졌고 출혈을 동반한 궤양도 감소되어 유의적인 억제율을 나타내었다. Cysteamine 유발 십이지장궤양에서, CMT는 유발된 십이지장 궤양을 CON에 비해 $54\%$ 정도 억제하여 우수한 항궤양효과를 나타냈고 시료투여군인 SOL 및 SOH는 CMT보다 우수하지는 않았으나 약 $35\∼42\%$ 정도의 궤양억제율을 나타냈다. 이상의 실험결과에서 지유의 항위염 및 항궤양효과는 항산화물질에 의한 결과로 판단되어지며, 앞으로 위염 및 위궤양 개선을 위한 건강 기능성 식품으로 개발이 기대된다

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.277-289
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• 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of intracorporeal overlapping gastrogastrostomy between the proximal anterior wall and antrum posterior wall (PAAP; PAAP anastomosis) of the stomach in minimally invasive pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG) for early gastric cancer (EGC). Materials and Methods: From December 2016 to December 2019, 17 patients underwent minimally invasive PPG with PAAP anastomosis for EGC in the high body and posterior wall of the stomach. Intraoperative gastroscopy was performed with the rotation maneuver during proximal transection. A longer antral cuff (>4-5 cm) was created for PAAP than for conventional PPG (≤3 cm) at the point where a safe distal margin and good vascular perfusion were secured. Because the posterior wall of the proximal remnant stomach was insufficient for intracorporeal anastomosis, the anterior wall was used to create an overlapping anastomosis with the posterior wall of the remnant antrum. The surgical and oncological outcomes were analyzed, and the stomach volume was measured in patients who completed the 6-month follow-up. The results were compared to those after conventional PPG (n=11 each). Results: PAAP anastomosis was successfully performed in 17 patients. The proximal and distal resection margins were 2.4±1.9 cm and 4.0±2.6 cm, respectively. No postoperative complications were observed during the 1-year follow-up esophagogastroduodenoscopy (n=10). The postoperative remnant stomach (n=11) was significantly larger with PAAP than with conventional PPG (225.6±118.3 vs. 99.1±63.2 mL; P=0.001). The stomach length from the anastomosis to the pylorus was 4.9±2.4 cm after PAAP. Conclusions: PAAP anastomosis is a feasible alternative for intracorporeal anastomosis in minimally invasive PPG for highly posteriorly located EGC.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.126-130
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• 2004

Purpose: A Krukenberg tumor is an ovarian tumor of a signet-ring cell type. This tumor arises more commonly in young women, and the prognosis is poor. The primary focus of this tumor is often found at gastrointestinal malignancy, especially gastric cancer. We tried to identify the clinical characteristics of this tumor, and in that regard, this report might be helpful. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the 61 patients with Krukenberg tumors, who had been diagnosed at our hospital from 1994 to 2002, and retrospectively analyzed the clinical features. Results: The age distribution ranged from 15 to 59 years, and the mean age was 41 years. The most common symptom was a lower abdominal mass ($46\%$). Fourty-two cases ($77\%$) showed bilateral ovarian involvement, and the size of this tumor was variable, but in 24 cases ($4\%$) the size was $5\∼10$ cm for the largest diameter. Among 54 cases, 40 cases had ascites, and the volume of ascites was variable. The median survival of the 61 patients was 10 months, and Krukenberg tumor developed 19.7 months after the primary operation. The median survival durations of recurrence patterns were 20 months for the Krukenberg tumor alone, and 7 months for the Krukenberg tumor with peritoneal seeding. Conclusion: In young women treated with a gastrectomy, especially one for an advanced tumor, closed observation with abdominal ultrasonography or computed tomography to detect a Krukenberg tumor is recommended. The patient with a Krukenberg tumor alone has a better prognosis than one with a Krukenberg tumor combined peritoneal seeding. We will have to consider more progressive treatment for the patient with a Krukenberg tumor alone.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.170-177
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• 1999

PEG-hemoglobin SB1 (SB1), which is a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, is intended to use as a safe blood substitute against brain ischemia and stroke. The general pharmacological profiles of SB1 were studied. The doses given were 0, 5, 10, 20 ml/kg and drugs were administered intravenously. The animals used for this study were mouse, rat and guinea pig. SB1 showed no effects on general behavior, motor coordination, spontaneous locomotor activity, hexobarbital sleeping time, anticonvulsant activity, analgesic activity, blood pressure and heart rate, left ventricular peak systolic pressure, left ventricular end diastolic pressure, left ventricular developing pressure, double product, heart rate, coronary flow rate, smooth muscle contraction using guinea pig ileum, gastrointestinal transport, gastric secretion, urinary volume and electrolyte excretion at all doses tested except the decrease of body temperature. These findings demonstrated that SB1 possesses no general pharmacological effects at all doses tested.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.101-110
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• 1987

In order to reduce gastric irritation in the stomach of iron preparations, ferroglycine fumarate (FGF) granules coated with hydroxyethylcellulose was made by matrix granulator, and the constrained optimization method, employing the Lagrange equation, was successfully applied to the manufacturing process design of controlled release tablets. The effects of stearic acid and dried corn starch on tablet hardness, friability, dissolution rate $t_{50%}$ and tablet volume were found to be very significant. In rabbit test, pharmacokinetic parameters $(K_a,\;C_{max}\;and\;AUC^{0-12})$ and urinary excretion rate $(K_e)$ of the controlled release FGF tablets were higher than those of controlled release ferroglycine sulfate tablets which were manufactured in the same optimal conditions. Controlled release FGF tablets were more stable than controlled release ferroglycine sulfate tablets in accelerated storage conditions.

• 약학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.471-479
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• 1995

The recombinant human epidermal growth factor(DWP 401) was investigated on the pharrnacological actions. DWP 401 had no effects on the hexobarbital-induced sleeping time, locomotor activity, rotarod test, body temperature, analgesic action and anticonvulsant action in mice. It also had no influences on the isolated tracheal muscle and ileum of guinea-pig, isolated uterus and fundus strip of rats. Slight hypotensive action with effect on respiration was revealed at a dose of 8 g/kg i.v. of DWP 401 in rabbits. DWP 401 exhibited a weak inhibitory action of glucose tolerance in normal rats, significantly lowered the blood glucose contents in adrenalectomized rats at .a concentration of 160 g,/kg, and produced a significant inhibitory effect on leucocyte migration in CMC-pouch of rats at a concentration of 32 g/rat. Furthermore, DWP 401 showed a significant decrease on gastric juice volume and acidity. However. DWP 401 had no intestinal propulsion rate and influence on urine excretion.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2006

In this study, transverse relaxation time (T2) measurement and the evaluation of the characteristics of the spectral peak related to stomach tissue metabolites were performed using ex vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) at 1.5-T MRI/S instruments. Thirty-two gastric tissues resected from 12 patients during gastric cancer surgery, of which 19 were normal tissue and 13 were cancerous tissue, were used to measure the $T_2$ of the magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) peaks. The volume of interest data results from the MRSI measurements were extracted from the proper muscle (MUS) layer and the composite mucosa/submucosa (MC/SMC) layer and were statistically analyzed. MR spectra were acquired using the chemical shift imaging (CSI) point resolved spectroscopy (CSI-PRESS) technique with the parameters of pulse repetition time (TR) and echo times (TE) TR/(TE1,TE2)=1500 msec/(35 msec, 144 msec), matrix $size=24{\times}24$, NA=1, and voxel $size=2.2{\times}2.2{\times}4mm^3$. In conclusion, the measured $T_2$ of the metabolite peaks, such as choline (3.21ppm) and lipid (1.33ppm), were significantly decreased (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively) in the cancerous stomach tissue.