• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.562-573
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• 2008

Concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured from the local industrial sources in Wanju industrial complex during June $2007{\sim}January$ 2008. The samples were collected from the primary sources (6 emission points) in 4 major factories in Wanju industrial complex as well as two general sources in Wanju County to elucidate the abundances of speciated VOCs and their spacial and temporal distributions depending on source bases. Industrial sources are as follows; fabricated metal manufacture, motor vehicle manufacture, rubber and plastic manufacture, and chemical manufacture factories. Two general source samples were collected from gasoline gas station and dry cleaning shop in urban area. In order to understand the near source influence at receptor, samples from the two receptor sites (one is at center of the industrial complex and the other site is at distance residential area downwind from the center) were collected with sample canister, and analyzed by using GC/MSD. The concentrations from different sources were compared and discussed. The mass contributions of the speciated VOCs to total VOCs measured from industrial sources and ambient ai r at two receptors were presented and discussed.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.27-33
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• 1993

Using the solenoid driven gas injection valve, Hydrogen fuel supply system was made. It was attached to a single cylinder research engine and intake port injection type hydrogen fueled S.I. engine was constructed. Engine performance, emission characteristics, and abnormal combustion were studied through the engine test performed with the variations of fuel-air equivalence ratio and spark timing. Compared with gasoline, hydrogen burns so fast that cylinder peak pressure and temperature are higher and NO is emitted more at full load condition. IN the case of intake port injection type engine, COVimep becomes lower due to the well-mixing of air and fuel, and engine output is lower owing to the low volumetric efficiency. As fuel-air equivalence ratio goes up, the combustion speed increases, and COVimep decreases. NO emission peaks slightly lean of stoichiometric. As spark timing advances and fuel-air equivalence ratio goes up, the cylinder peak pressure and temperature become higher, so abnormal combustions take place easily.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

Engine emission regulations are becoming more stringent nowadays. In cold transient regime, about 80% THC is exhausted to the atmosphere in the first 200s (US FTP cycles). Accordingly, reducing emission levels in the cold period immediately after the engine start before the catalysts reach their working temperature will be an especially critical factor in meeting more stringent regulations in the future. In this study, the total hydrocarbon quantities are measured using a Fast FID with gasoline fuel for a 4-cylinde. Sl engine, including Secondary Air Injection (SAI) system. Commercial SAI device's direction is reverse to the exhaust flow. In this study, a swirl flow type SAI system which is positioned between the exhaust manifold and exhaust port, was developed. We compared the swirl type secondary air injection with a commercial secondary air injection of .everse flow. The swirl type SAI showed better results in reducing HC by 26% than the commercial flow type SAI of reverse flow which was caused by the better mixing between the exhaust gas and the secondary air.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.106-111
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• 2013

Adulterations fuel have been using in the vehicle in these days. Because gasoline, diesel prices are rising every day. so people find more cheap price fuel. Adulterations fuel caused a serious air pollution problems. Adulteration fuel were made from waste engine oil, waste paint. According to Government regulations permit to be used recycle fuel(adulteration fuel) only in industrial boiler. Unburned fuel pollutants are effected to human health. In this paper, the hazardous air pollutants characteristics in the diesel vehicles according to adulterations of vehicle fuels were carried out in the NEDC test mode in chassis dynamometer. It is revealed that the all of the regulation pollutants (THC, NOx, CO and PM) emission in the adulterations of vehicle fuels was increased also the green house gas, $CO_2$ was increased. In the hazardous air pollutants characteristics, the VOCs(Volitile Organic Compounds) BTEX(Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene) emissions in the adulterations of vehicle fuels showed higher level than these in the diesel fuels.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.188-193
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• 2009

Fuel cell vehicles are equipped with Pressure Relief Devices(PRDs) installed in pressure tank cylinder to prevent the explosion of the tank during a fire. PRDs are safety devices that perceive a fire and release gas in the pressure tank cylinder before it is exploded. But if the PRD does not actuate, because either the PRD fails or can't be surrounded by the flame of a fire, the tank will rupture and produce a blast wave and hydrogen fire ball. In this paper, we observed the fire behavior of actual fuel cell vehicle, comparing with that of gasoline vehicle.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.691-696
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• 2017

An experimental study on engine performance and emission characteristics for bio-alcohol fuels considered as RFS fuel. The Bio-alcohol fuel were mixed ethanol and butanol and used in a 1.8 liter mpi engine. The efficiency of the BSFC is excellent in the maximum torque operation condition and the part load operation condition. As the bio-alcohol mixing ratio increased, the lambda <1 and ignition timing advanced $5^{\circ}CA$. As the mixing concentration increased, NOx emission increase and $CO_2$ emission decreased.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.308-315
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 도로터널 화재 시 외부 바람에 의한 영향을 평가하기 위하여 축소모형 실험을 실시하였다. $1.1m{\times}0.5m{\times}50.4m$ 모형 터널에서 휘발유 4.5리터를 사용하여 실험을 실시하였다. 터널 내부의 온도, 산소와 일산화탄소 농도를 측정하였다. 외부 바람의 영향에 따라 연기의 출구 도달 시간에 차이를 보였다. 최성기 이후에는 외부 바람의 영향이 초기에 비하여 작은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 화재로 인하여 발생한 일산화탄소가 1,500 ppm 이상 도달하여 피난자에게 치명적인 위해를 가할 수 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2021

디젤엔진의 열효율을 높이면서 NOx와 PM을 효과적으로 저감시키기 위해 HCCI(Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition), PCCI(Premixed Charge Compression Ignition), RCCI(Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition) 등의 저온연소(LTC: Low Temperature Combustion)전략이 개발되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 저반응성 연료로는 가솔린을 사용하고 고반응성 연료로는 디젤을 사용하는 RCCI 엔진에서 고반응성 연료인 디젤연료의 분사 시기와 이단 분사비율이 성능 및 배출가스에 미치는 영향을 수치해석을 통하여 파악하고자 하였다. 이단 분사 시 첫 번째 분사시기가 너무 진각되면 연소가 느려지면서 연소온도가 낮아져 연소성능이 저하되고 HC, CO가 증가한다. 대략 -60°ATDC 의 분사시기가 연소성능, 배출가스 및 최대압력상승률을 고려하였을 때 가장 최적의 분사시기라고 판단된다. 이단 분사 시 두 번째 분사시기를 변경하였을 때 연소성능 및 배출가스, 최대압력상승률 등을 고려하면 대략 -30°ATDC 부근에서 최적인 것으로 판단된다. 이단 분사 시 분사량 비율은 첫 번째 분사량을 60% 정도로 하였을 때 최적의 결과를 얻었다. 마지막으로 단일 분사보다는 이단 분사한 경우 연소성능 및 배출가스 부분에서 더 효과적인 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), which are main materials of soil contamination by oil, are a term used for any mixture of hydrocarbons. Korea Ministry of Environment established the maximum permissible level of TPH in farmland by 500 mg/kg, and reported that the TPH level of soil in 266 installation such as gas station, transport company, and military unit ranged from 1,356 to 55,117 mg/kg and were much higher than the maximum permissible level in 2011. METHODS AND RESULTS: To determine the effect of TPH on crops, we investigated the effect of gasoline, kerosene, and diesel on the germination and radicle growth of mainly consumed crops. The germination rates of control in investigated all crops ranged from 80.0-100%. The germination and radicle growth in majority of investigated crops were not inhibited even at 2,500 mg/L. However, germination in onion, leek, and green perilla and radicle growth in leek, rape, tomato, and green perilla were significantly inhibited by increasing concentrations of gasoline, kerosene and diesel treatment. Germination and radicle growth inhibition of green perilla by kerosene and diesel were the highest, the percent inhibition at the 500 mg/L were 100 and 98.6%, 100 and 88.2%, respectively. 50% inhibition of germination in green perilla by kerosene and diesel were 39.96 and 29.87 mg/L, and 50% inhibition of radicle growth were 52.76 and 177.96 mg/L, respectively. Conclusion(s): These results suggest the possibility that the maximum permissible level of TPH might to be established general level with exception by crops.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.120-125
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 구획된 공간에 비닐장판을 깔고, 인화성 액체 50 ml를 뿌리고 실물 연소 실험을 실시하였다. 연소가 진행될 때의 연소 거동을 실시간 분석하였으며, 탄화된 비닐장판의 표면 및 단면의 탄화 패턴을 해석하였다. 휘발유에 착화되어 화염이 최성기에 도달하면 지속적으로 화염이 일어나는 영역, 간헐적으로 화염이 일어나는 영역, 플룸 영역 등이 형성되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 50 ml의 휘발유가 비닐장판 위에서 연소되는데 약 26 s가 소요되었으며, 달무리 패턴이 형성되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 등유를 비닐 장판 위에 동일하게 뿌리고, 가스 토치를 이용하여 착화를 시도하였으나 실패하였다. 연소가 완료된 후의 비닐장판의 탄화 범위는 가로 600 mm, 세로 380 mm이며, 탄화 면적은 1,000 ㎟로 분석되었다. 탄화된 비닐장판의 표면은 열에 의해 코팅층이 탄화층으로 변형되어 더욱 딱딱한 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 탄화된 비닐장판의 경계면을 실체현미경을 이용하여 단면을 분석한 결과 부풀림 현상이 확인되었고, 코팅층 하부의 흰색 경계층이 없어지는 것을 알 수 있었다.