• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.221-226
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• 2018

Misfueling accidents significantly damage the engines of both gasoline and diesel vehicles, and should be avoided by rapid and accurate fuel discrimination. Gasoline fuel contains bioethanol. Thus, the detection of ethanol vapor produced by gasoline can be used to distinguish between gasoline and diesel. In the present study, Pt-doped $SnO_2$ hollow nanospheres, Mg-doped $In_2O_3$ hollow microspheres, and Pt-doped ZnO nanostructures have been used as gas sensors to discriminate between gasoline and diesel fuels. All three sensors are able to detect and discriminate between gases evaporating from gasoline and diesel. Among the sensors, the Mg-doped $In_2O_3$ hollow microspheres show a significant gas response (resistance ratio = 4.97) quickly (~3 s) after exposure to gasoline-evaporated gas at $225^{\circ}C$, but did not show any substantial response to diesel-evaporated gas. This demonstrates that gasoline and diesel fuels can be discriminated using small and cost-effective oxide semiconductor gas sensors.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.121-127
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• 2012

The study is to investigate the mixing stability, fuel properties, and macroscopic spray characteristics of diesel-gasoline blended fuels in a common-rail injection system of a diesel engine. The test fuels were mixed diesel with gasoline fuel, which were based volume fraction of gasoline from 0 to 100% in 20% intervals. In order to analyze the blended effect of gasoline to diesel fuel, the properties of test fuels such as density, viscosity, and surface tension were measured. In addition, the spray behavior characteristics were studied by investigating the spray tip penetration and spray angle using a spray images through a spray visualization system. It was revealed that the density, kinematic viscosity and surface tension of diesel-gasoline blending fuels were decreased with the increase of gasoline fuel. The injection quantity of test fuels were almost similar level at short energizing duration condition. On the other hand, the increase of energizing duration shows the decrease of injection quantity compared to short energizing duration. The test blending fuels have similar growth in Spray tip penetration and Spray cone angle.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.180-185
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• 2009

Only limited information is available as regards to the exposure levels of naphthalene (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(MAHs) in the interiors of diesel-fueled passenger cars, while many studies investigated the exposure levels of various volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in the interiors of gasoline-fueled passenger cars or public buses. Present study was performed to supplement this deficiency by measuring naphthalene (as a representative of PAHs) and MAHs levels inside five diesel-fueled and five gasoline-fueled passenger cars while morning and evening commuting on real roadways. Each car was surveyed five times on different sampling days. The in-vehicle naphthalene levels were higher for the diesel-fueled cars as compared to gasoline-fueled cars, whereas the results were reversed for the in-vehicle MAH levels. The median cabin levels of diesel-fueled cars were 1.3, 7, 13, 4, and 6 ${\mu}g/m^3$ for naphthalene, benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and m,pxylene, respectively. With respect to gasoline-fueled cars, their respective levels were 0.7, 11, 21, 7, and 9 ${\mu}g/m^3$ . The median MAHs concentration ratios of gasoline-fueled cars to diesel-fueled cars ranged from 1.50 to 1.75, while the median naphthalene concentration ratio was estimated to be 0.54. In addition, there was no significant difference of both naphthalene and MAHs between the diesel-fueled cars, but the in-vehicle levels were significantly different between gasoline-fueled cars. The concentration levels of both naphthalene and MAHs were higher in the passenger cars than other non-industrial microenvironments. Consequently, it was confirmed that the cabins of both diesel-fueled and gasoline-fueled passenger cars are an important microenvironment associated with the exposure to naphthalene and MAHs.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2017

The combustion characteristics of gasoline and diesel were tested in a compression ignition engine. Both fuels were used with same common rail injection system. Combustion experiment showed that low load condition of 0.45 MPa IMEP (indicated mean effective pressure) was tested in metal and optical engines. The gasoline combustion showed higher hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions but lower soot emission compared with diesel combustion. NOx emissions were very high at late injection timing but significantly decreased at early injection timing due to the lean combustion resulted from vigorous mixing process. Direct combustion visualization showed that the diesel combustion was dominated by diffusion combustion exhibiting soot incandescence and the gasoline combustion was mostly consisted of premixed combustion showing blue chemiluminescence.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2011

The present study describes the characteristics of combustion and exhaust emissions in compression ignition engines using diesel-gasoline dual fuel. For investigating combustion characteristics, diesel fuel was injected directly in a single-cylinder compression ignition engine with a common-rail injection system and gasoline fuel was injected into a premixed chamber installed in an intake port. In order to investigate exhaust emission characteristics, exhaust gas was measured by emission analyzer and smoke meter. The experimental results showed that cases of diesel-gasoline dual fuel combustion exhibited extended ignition delay and reduced peak combustion pressure compared to those of directly injected diesel fuel cases. Furthermore, premixed gasoline-air mixture reduced NOx emissions due to low peak of rate of heat release(ROHR).

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

This paper reviews the main drivers forcing change and progress in powertrains for passenger cars in the coming years. The environmental drivers of omissions and CO2 will force better technical performance, but customer demand for increased choice will force change in the basic engine design and provide opportunities for alternate configurations of powertrain. Gasoline engines will embody refinements of valve train actuations as well as developments in combustion, especially direct injection and possibly a lean booated form of direct injection. Nevertheless, the conventional, port injected engine will continue to be the dominant engine for some years to come. The high speed direct injection diesel will very soon supplant its indirect injection predecessor completely. It will take an increasing share of the total powertrain market as improved specific power and refinement make it even more attractive to the customer. Car manufacturers will provide diesel models to satisfy this customer demand as well as using the efficiency of the diesel to enable them to meet their fleet CO2 commitments. Both gasoline and diesel engines will see an increasing degree of electrification and partial hybridisation as efficient flywheel mounted electrical devices become available.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2011

An experimental study was performed to explore characteristics of combustion and exhaust emissions in the compression ignition engine of RCCI (reactivity controlled compression ignition) using diesel-gasoline dual fuel. A dual-fuel reactivity controlled compression ignition concepts is demonstrated as a promising method to achieve high thermal efficiency and low emissions. For investigating combustion characteristics, engine experiments were performed in a light-duty diesel engine over a range of SOIs (start of injection) and gasoline percents. The experimental results showed that cases of diesel-gasoline dual fuel combustion is capable of operating over a middle range of engine loads with lower levels of NOx and soot, acceptable pressure rise rate, low ISFC (indicated specific fuel consumption), and high indicated thermal efficiency.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2019

Background: Evidence on associations between occupational diesel exhaust and gasoline exposure and colorectal cancer is limited. We aimed to assess the effect of workplace exposure to diesel exhaust and gasoline on the risk of colorectal cancer. Methods: This case-control study included 181,709 colon cancer and 109,227 rectal cancer cases diagnosed between 1961 and 2005 in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Cases and controls were identified from the Nordic Occupational Cancer Study cohort and matched for country, birth year, and sex. Diesel exhaust and gasoline exposure values were assigned by country-specific job-exposure matrices. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by using conditional logistic regression models. The results were adjusted for physical strain at work and occupational exposure to benzene, formaldehyde, ionizing radiation, chlorinated hydrocarbons, chromium, and wood dust. Results: Diesel exhaust exposure was associated with a small increase in the risk of rectal cancer (odds ratio - 1.05, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.08). Gasoline exposure was not associated with colorectal cancer risk. Conclusion: This study showed a small risk increase for rectal cancer after workplace diesel exhaust exposure. However, this finding could be due to chance, given the limitations of the study.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.12-19
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• 2000

The increasing use of vehicles is causing air-pollution problems. Diesel vehicles are preferred to gasoline vehicles, because the diesel vehicles are superior to gasoline vehicles in terms of fuel consumption, durability, power and efficiency. But the emission reduction technologies for diesel vehicle are not developed well like those for gasoline vehicles. Moreover, the NOx and smoke emitted from diesel vehicle are recognized as a main source of the air-pollution in the urban areas. The emission reduction devices have been installed for each of the emission gas components. Using plasma(i.e. electrical energy)only, the emission gas was found to be reduced. The present paper investigate the effects of a low temperature plasma device in engine performance as well as in emission reduction with the change of the applied voltage and the loading rate of the engine.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2015

In this study, three visualization methods, Schlieren, Shadowgraph, and Mie-scattering, were applied to compare diesel and gasoline spray structures. Fuels were injected into a high pressure/high temperature constant volume chamber under the same ambient pressure and temperature condition of low load in gasoline direct injection compression ignition (GDCI) engine. Two injection pressures (40 and 80 MPa), two ambient pressures (4.2 and 1.7 MPa), and two ambient temperatures (908 and 677 K) were use. The images from the different methods were overlapped to show liquid and vapor phases more clearly. It was found that the gasoline fuel is more appropriate to form a lean mixture.