• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2014

This paper described the effect of split injections on the stability of combustion and emission characteristics in a direct injection gasoline engine at various operating conditions. In order to investigate the influence of direct injection gasoline engine, the fuel injection timing was varied direct fuel injection at various fuel pressure. The experimental apparatus consisted of GDI engine with 4 cylinder, EC dynamometer, injection control system, and exhaust emissions analyzer. The emission and combustion characteristics were analyzed for the fuel injection timing and fuel injection pressure strategies. It is revealed that CO and HC emissions are dramatically decreased at advanced injection timing. Also, engine performance is increased at increase fuel injection pressure.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.114-122
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• 1997

Nowadays, gasoline direct injection engines are being commercialized by virtue of improvement in control technology of spray, flow, air fuel ratio. The stratified charge type has the advantage of improving lean limit. The homogeneous type has the advantage of reducing engine-out hydrocabon emissions in the first 30 seconds after a cold start, in addition, improving transient air fuel ratio control. The vaporization and mixing if injected fuel with air has to e completed in a short time and the fuel film in cylinder and on piston has to be minimized. So, the flow and injection should be well controlled. This paper surveyed the spray characteristics of gasoline direct injection by using laser equipment and the combustion characteristics of the single cylinder engine using homogeneousas-mixture type gasoline direct injection.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1999

This paper presents the spray atomization characteristics of the high-pressure gasoline injector for the direct-injection gasoline engine. The gasoline sprays of the injector were minted into a pressurized spray chamber with a optical access at various ambient pressures. The atomization characteristics of fuel spray such as mean diameter, mean velocity of droplet were measured by the phase Doppler particle analyzer system. In order to investigate the effect of fuel injection pressure on the quantitative characteristics of spray, the global visualization and experiment of particle measurement in the fuel spray were investigated at 3, 5 and 7 MPa of injection pressure under different ambient pressure in the spray chamber. Based on the results of this work, the fuel injection pressure of fuel injector in gasoline direct-injection engine have influence upon distribution of the mean velocity and droplet size of fuel spray. Also, the influence of injection pressure on the velocity distribution at various measuring location were investigated.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Recently, Performance and fuel efficiency of gasoline engines have been improved by adopting direct injection (DI) system instead of port fuel injection (PFI) system. However, injecting gasoline fuel directly into the cylinder significantly reduces the time available for mixing and evaporation. Consequently, particulate matters(PM) emissions increase. Moreover, as the emission regulations are getting more stringent, not only the mass but also the total number of PM should be reduced to satisfy the Euro VI regulations. Increasing the fuel injection pressure is one of the methods to meet this challenge. In this study, the effects of increased fuel injection pressures on combustion and emission characteristics were experimentally examined at several part load conditions in a 1.6 liter commercial gasoline direct injection engine. The main combustion durations decreased about $2{\sim}3^{\circ}$ in crank angle base by increasing the fuel injection pressure due to enhanced air-fuel mixing characteristics. The exhaust emissions and number concentration distributions of PM with particle sizes were also compared. Due to enhanced combustion characteristics, THC emissions decreased, whereas NOx emissions increased. Also, the number concentrations of PM, larger than 10 nm, also significantly decreased.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.3-10
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• 1998

In general, the stratified charge for direct injection gasoline engine should be introduced to achieve ultra-lean combustion scheme. In order to apply the concept of stratified charge into direct injection gasoline engine, a reflector was adapted on cylinder head. An installation of the reflector in front of the injector nozzle leads the mixture to be rich near spark plug. Therefore, the mixture near the spark plug is locally ich to ignite while the lean mixture is wholly introduced into the combustion chamber. In this paper, the characteristics of combustion is analyzed with the variations of injection pressure and load in a stratified-charge direct injection single cylinder gasoline engine.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to propose and compare methods for measuring individual spray cone angles using spray cross-section images. In direct injection gasoline engines, it was believed that the distribution of air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber directly affected combustion performance and emission formation. However, since gasoline direct injection (GDI) injectors have a small injection angle, interference between individual spray plumes occurs. Therefore, GDI injectors have only measured the spray angle of the entire spray. To overcome these limitations, three methods of indirectly measuring the spray cone angles of individual spray plume were presented and compared by forming sheet beams using Nd:YAG laser and acquiring spray cross-section images. Each method currently has advantages and disadvantages, and research to apply the method suitable for various GDI injectors needs to be continued.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.155-165
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• 2013

The effect of gaseous ammonia direct injection on the engine performance and exhaust emissions in gasoline-ammonia dual fueled spark-ignition engine was investigated in this study. Results show that based on the gasoline contribution engine power increases as the ammonia injection timing and duration is advanced and increased, respectively. However, as the initial amount of gasoline is increased the maximum power output contribution from ammonia is reduced. For gasoline-ammonia, the appropriate injection timing is found to range from 320 BTDC at low loads to 370 BTDC at high loads and the peak pressures are slightly lower than that for gasoline due to the slow flame speed of ammonia, resulting in the reduction of combustion efficiency. The brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) for gasoline-ammonia has little difference compared to the BSEC for gasoline only. Ammonia direct injection causes slight reduction of $CO_2$ and CO for all presented loads but significantly increases HC due to the low combustion efficiency of ammonia. Also, ammonia direct injection results in both increased ammonia and NOx in the exhaust due to formation of fuel NOx and ammonia slip.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1451-1460
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• 2004

A two-stroke Schnurle-type gasoline engine was modified to enable compression-ignition in both the port fuel injection and the in-cylinder direct injection. Using the engine, examinations of compression-ignition operation and engine performance tests were carried out. The amount of the residual gas and the in-cylinder mixture conditions were controlled by varying the valve angle rate of the exhaust valve (VAR) and the injection timing for direct injection conditions. It was found that the direct injection system is superior to the port injection system in terms of exhaust gas emissions and thermal efficiency, and that almost the same operational region of compression-ignition at medium speeds and loads was attained. Some interesting combustion characteristics, such as a shorter combustion period in higher engine speed conditions, and factors for the onset of compression-ignition were also examined.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2009

As an experiment investigation, the effects of ethanol blended gasoline fuel with different injection method on nano-sized particle emission characteristics were examined in a 0.5L spark-ignited single-cylinder engine with a compression ratio of 10. Because this engine nano-particles are currently attracting interest due to its adverse health effects and their impact on the environments. So a pure gasoline and an ethanol blended gasoline fuels, namely E85 fuel, used for this study. And, as a particle measuring instrument, a fast-response particle spectrometer (DMS 500) with heated sample line was used for continuous measurement of the particle size and number distribution in the size range of 5 to 1000nm (aerodynamic diameter). As this research results, we found that the effect of ethanol blending gasoline caused drastic decrease of nano-particle emissions when port fuel injection was used for making better air-fuel mixture than direct fuel injection. Also injection timing, specially direct fuel injection, could be a dominant factor in controlling the exhaust particle emissions.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of water injection on combustion characteristics of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine with turbo-charger under low-load operating condition. The test engine used in this study has four-cylinder and 10.2 of compression ratio. In order to study the effect of water injection ratio on combustion characteristics, the water was injected into the intake port from 10% to 50%, based on fuel injection quantity. From the experiment, it revealed that the water injection induced the improvement of fuel economy because of the advance of spark-timing by the reduction of in-cylinder temperature. In addition, the water injection caused the prolong of extension of the ignition delay and slight increase of burn duration.