• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.717-720
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• 2011

Due to the depletion of fossil fuel, high oil price and global warming issue by green house gas such as CO2, clean synthetic fuel technologies using biomass, especially GTL(Gas To Liquid) technology, have been greatly attracted. This paper has examined and compared the worldwide technologies trend of natural gas reforming reaction, F-T(Fisher-Tropsch) synthesis and upgrading process which are three backbones of GTL technology.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.74.2-74.2
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• 2011

A simulation study on synthesis gas process in GTL process was carried out in order to find optimum operation conditions for GTL (gas-to-liquid) pilot plant design. Optimum operating conditions for synthesis gas process were determined by changing reaction variables such as feed temperature and pressure. During the simulation, overall synthesis process was assumed to proceed under steady-state conditions. It was also assumed that physical properties of reaction medium were governed by RKS (Redlich-Kwong-Soave) equation. The effect of temperature and pressure on synthesis gas process $H_2$/CO ratio were mainly examined. Simulation results were also compared to experimental results to confirm the reliability of simulation model. Simulation results were reasonably well matched with experimental results.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.29-32
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• 2004

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.275-281
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• 2007

GTL (Gas To Liquid) has the potential to be used in diesel engines as a clean alternative fuel due to advantages in emission reduction, particularly soot reduction. Since the physical properties of GTL fuel differ from those of diesel fuel to some extent, studying how this difference in characteristics of GTL and diesel fuels affects spray and combustion in diesel engines is important. In this study, visual investigation of sprays and flames from GTL and diesel fuels in a vessel simulating diesel combustion was implemented. The effects of various parameters and conditions, such as injection pressure, chamber temperature and pilot injection on liquid-phase fuel length and auto-ignition delay were investigated. It was determined that GTL has a somewhat shorter liquid-phase fuel length, which explains why there is less contact between the fuel liquid-phase and flame for GTL fuel compared to diesel fuel.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.617-623
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• 2008

GTL (gas-to-liquid) fuel produced by the Fischer-Tropsch reaction of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen ($H_2$) is expected to be one of the environmental friendly biomass based alternatives and blended to petrodiesel. In this study, the characteristic of the fuel was analyzed by its concentration differences after blending petrodiesel in domestic market with different amounts of GTL fuel which produced from Shell. Gas chromatography shows that GTL fuel consists of longer paraffin chain than common diesel. GTL fuel showed a high flash point, distillation, kinematic viscosity, and derived cetane number. In addition, GTL fuel showed lower lubricity due to low sulfur content.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.58-63
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• 2007

In recent years, the technologies for the production of synthetic fuel from natural gas have been attracting considerable interest because of high oil prices. While oil prices remaining high, GTL (Gas-to-Liquids) technology would provide an attractive option for utilizing gas resources. Furthermore, GTL fuels contain almost zero sulfur and low aromatics and have a very high cetane so that they are estimated to be environmentally friendly diesel fuels able of meeting the advanced fuel specifications of the 21st century. GTL process generally consists of three primary steps: synthesis gas production from natural gas reforming, hydrocarbon production from synthesis gas by Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis, product upgrading by hydrocracking/hydroisomerization. This paper presents a brief summary of GTL technology and worldwide development trend about it focusing on the reforming of natural gas and the F-T synthesis.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.84-91
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• 2008

Due to increasing need for better emission characteristics and lower fuel consumption rate in automotive engines, alternative fuels are drawing more attentions recently. The GTL (gas to liquid) is the one of most favored candidates. In this study, emission characteristics are compared between diesel and GTL fuel in commercial 2.0 liter diesel engine and vehicle with CRDi(Common Rail Direct injection) system. The effects of injection timings on emission and fuel consumption rate are compared at various engine speeds and loads. Noticeable reduction in HC, CO and PM emissions are observed due to higher cetane number and low sulfur and aromatic contents in GTL. On the trade-off curve of NOx and PM(Particulate matter) GTL showed much more benefits than diesel, where about 30% of PM mass decreased at the same operating conditions. On CVS 75 mode test in vehicle, GTL showed an excellent emission enhancement, in which 50% of HC, 21% of PM, and 12% of NOx engine-out emissions are decreased compared to ULSD(Ultra low sulfur diesel) fuel.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.190-198
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• 2010

GTL(gas-to-liquid) fuel produced by the Fischer-Tropsch process using carbon monoxide(CO) and hydrogen(H2) is expected to be one of the environmental friendly fuel for alternative and blended to petrodiesel. But GTL have poor lubricity due to paraffin as main component of GTL which is not involve polar materials. In this paper, we had investigated the lubricity improvement of GTL fuels with various lubricants using HFRR(high frequency reciprocating rig).

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.421-428
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• 2007

This paper investigates the combustion and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine fueled with neat and blended Shell's gas-to-liquid (GTL) fuel, which was derived from natural gas through the Fischer-Tropsch process. The experiments were conducted in a 6-cylinder DI diesel engine with pump timing settings of $6^{\circ},\;9^{\circ}\;and\;12^{\circ}$crank angle before TDC over ECE R49 and US 13-mode cycles separately and compared to a conventional diesel fuel. The results show that GTL exhibited almost the same power and torque output, improved fuel economy and effective thermal efficiency. It was found that GTL displayed lower peak in-cylinder combustion pressure and maximum heat release rate (HRR), the timings of the peak pressure and the maximum HRR were generally delayed, and the combustion durations were almost equivalent for diesel and GTL under the same speed-load condition. The results also indicate that, compared to diesel fuel, GTL blends showed a trend forward decreasing four regulated emissions simultaneously and a higher GTL fraction in blends contributing to further reductions in the emissions. In particular and on average, neat GTL significantly reduced HC, CO, NOx and PM by 16.4%, 17.8%, 18.3% and 32.4%, respectively, for all cases.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.888-888
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• 2009

A simulation study on SCR (Steam Carbon dioxide Reforming) process in gas-to-liquid (natural gas to Fischer-Tropsch synthetic fuel) process was carried out in order to find optimum reaction conditions for GTL (gas-to-liquid) process reaction. Optimum SCR operating conditions for synthesis gas to FT (Fischer-Tropsch) process were determined by changing reaction variables such as feed temperature and pressure. During the simulation, overall synthesis process was assumed to proceed under steady-state conditions. It was also assumed that physical properties of reaction medium were governed by RKS (Redlich-Kwong-Soave) equation. SCR process was considered as reaction models for synthesis gas in GTL proess. The effect of temperature and pressure on SCR process $H_2$/CO ratio and the effect of reaction pressure on SCR reaction were mainly examined. Simulation results were also compared to experimental results to confirm the reliability of simulation model. Simulation results were reasonably well matched with experimental results.