• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.150-154
• /
• 2000

Mobilities of electrons ($\mu_p$) and holes ($\mu_p$) in 2, 5, and 10 mol% $TiO_2$-doped yttria stabilized zirconia (TD-YSZ) have been estimated by a non-steady state gas permeation method using models proposed by Weppner and Maruyama. Values of $\mu_n$ and $\mu_p$ were found to be closed to those in non-doped YSZ reported earlier. The concentration of electrons and holes were calculated from $\mu_n$ and $\mu_p$ values and the partial conductivities of electrons and holes measured by a dc-polarization method. The concentration of electrons at unit oxygen partial pressure increased with increasing $TiO_2$concentration, while the hole concentration was almost independent of $TiO_2$concentration.

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2012

니오븀 금속을 기반으로 하는 $Nb_{56}Ti_{23}Ni_{21}$ 합금 분리막의 수소 투과 특성 및 화학적 안정성에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 직경 10 mm, 두께 0.5 mm의 $Nb_{56}Ti_{23}Ni_{21}$ 합금 분리막을 제작하였으며, 2가지 조성($H_2$ 100%, $H_2$ 60% + $CO_2$ 40%)의 공급가스를 $450^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 투과시킬 때 압력에 따른 수소 투과 특성에 관한 실험을 진행하였다. 본 실험에서의 최대 수소 투과량은 순수한 수소를 투과시킬 경우 절대압력 3 bar에서 $5.58mL/min/cm^2$로 나타났다. 또한 공급가스 조성에 따른 각각의 경우 모두 Sievert's law에 잘 부합하였으며, 이산화탄소와의 혼합가스 사용시, 투과량은 수소 분압 감소에 비례하여 감소하였다. 투과 실험 후 XRD 분석을 통하여 $Nb_{56}Ti_{23}Ni_{21}$ 합금 분리막의 이산화탄소에 대한 화학적 안정성에 대한 실험을 수행하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.537-556
• /
• 2005

A primary-pipe rupture accident is one of the design-basis accidents of a High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR). When the primary-pipe rupture accident occurs, air is expected to enter the reactor core from the breach and oxidize in-core graphite structures. This paper describes an experiment and analysis of the air ingress phenomena and the method fur the prevention of air ingress into the reactor during the primary-pipe rupture accident. The numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental ones regarding the density of the gas mixture, the concentration of each gas species produced by the graphite oxidation reaction and the onset time of the natural circulation of air. A hydrogen production system connected to the High-Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR) Is being designed to be able to produce hydrogen by themo-chemical iodine-Sulfur process, using a nuclear heat of 10 MW supplied by the HTTR. The HTTR hydrogen production system is first connected to a nuclear reactor in the world; hence a permeation test of hydrogen isotopes through heat exchanger is carried out to obtain detailed data for safety review and development of analytical codes. This paper also describes an overview of the hydrogen permeation test and permeability of hydrogen and deuterium of Hastelloy XR.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국막학회 1997년도 추계 총회 및 학술발표회
• /
• pp.69-70
• /
• 1997

Polyimides and related polymers, when synthesized from aromatic monomers, have generally rigid chain structures resulting in a low gas permeability. The rigidity of polymer chains reduces the segmental motion of chains and works as a good barrier against gas transport. To overcome the limit of use as materials of gas separation membranes due to low gas permeability, block copolymers with the incorporation of flexible segments like siloxane linkage and ether linkage have been studied. These block copolymers have microphase-separated structures composed of microdomains of flexible poly(dimethylsiloxane) or polyether segments and of rigid polyimides segments. In case of rigid-flexible block copolymers, the characteristics of both phases for gas permeation are of great difference. The permeation of gas molecules occurs favorably through microdomains of flexible segments, whereas those of rigid segments hinder the permeation of gas molecules. Accordingly the increase of content of flexible segments in a rigid polymer matrix will increase the gas permeability of the membrane linearly. However, this prediction does not satisfy enough many experimental results and in particular the drastic increase of the permeability is observed in a certain volume fraction. It was proposed that the gas transport mechanism is dominated by diffusion rather than gas solubility in a certain content of flexible phase if solution-diffusion mechanism is adopted. However, the transition from solubility-dependent to diffusion-dependent cannot be explained by the understanding of mechanism itself. Therefore, we consider an effective chemical path which permeable phase can form in a microheterogenous medium, and percolation concept is introduced to describe the permeability transition at near threshold where for the first time a percolation path occurs. The volume fraction of both phases is defined as V$_{\alpha}$ and V$_{\beta}$ in block copolymers, and the volume of $\beta$ phase in the threshold forming geometrically a traversing channel is defined as V$_{\betac}$. The formation mechanism of shortest chemical channel is schematically depicted in Fig. 1.

• 한국고분자학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국고분자학회 2006년도 IUPAC International Symposium on Advanced Polymers for Emerging Technologies
• /
• pp.125-126
• /
• 2006

We show that thermal rearrangement of glassy polymers below the thermal degradation temperature can create unexpected and large microvoids in the membranes, leading to unexpected high gas permeability with high gas selectivity. These current polymer membranes display unexpected gas permeation-separation performance. There are above the upper-bound for conventional polymer membranes for several gas pairs. In the present study, molecular simulation, BET sorption, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), and gas separation experiments were performed to characterize the unusual structure-property relationship of these rigid glassy polymer membranes.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국막학회 2004년도 Proceedings of the second conference of aseanian membrane society
• /
• pp.128-131
• /
• 2004

The composite mesoporous ceramic membranes were prepared with ${\gamma}$-alumina and poly (2, 6-dimethyl-l, 4-pyphenylene oxide) (PPO) on the surface of the macroporous $\alpha$-alumina ceramic membranes and the permeation results were compared with those of the $\alpha$-alumina membrane for large-scale applications. In the results of the transport experiments, the ceramic membranes gave high gas permeances mainly due to Knudsen diffusion and surface diffusion as an additional mechanism. And, the polymer modification increased the permeances of the strongly adsorbing gas components. In this study the modifications of alumina ceramic membranes could increase the gas permeation performances especially for the strongly absorbing gas components.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.374-381
• /
• 1997

유리를 원료로 주형법에 의해 세라믹막을 제조하고, sodiumate, $S_3$-Al, $S_3$등의 실리콘 화합물을 침적시켜 세라믹-실리콘 복합막을 제조하여 이에 따른 기체 투과특성에 대해 연구하였다. 제조된 세라믹막과 세라믹-sodiumate 복합막은 다공성 구조임을 알수 있었고, 세라믹-$S_3$-Al과 세라믹-$S_3$ 복합막은 실리콘 화합물의 공극도입에 의한 치밀한 공극구조가 확인되었다. 세라믹막과 세라믹-sodiumate막의 경우 온도가 증가함에 따라 투과속도가 감소하고 압력에 따라 선형적으로 투과속도가 증가하였으며, 세라믹-$S_3$-Al과 세라믹-$S_3$ 복합막은 온도가 증가함에 따라 투과속도가 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 상대적으로 투과속도에 미치는 압력의 영향이 적었다. 투과속도는 세라믹막이 가장 빠르게 나타났고, 세라믹-sodiumate, 세라믹-$S_3$-Al, 세라믹-$S_3$ 복합막 순서였으며, 선택도는 이와 반대 경향을 보였다. 또한 침적을 통한 투과속도를 구하여 실제 복합막의 투과속도와 비교한 결과, $S_3$가 가장 큰 영향이 있음을 확인하였다. 투과 메카니즘의 변화에서 세라믹막과 세라믹-sodiumate 복합막은 온도에 따라 투과기체의 투과도가 감소하는 Knudsen영역의 투과특성을 보였으나, 세라믹닉-$S_3$-Al과 세라믹-$S_3$ 복합막은 이와 반대로 온도에 따라 투과도가 증가하는 activated 확산 메카니즘을 따르는 특성을 보였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.9-12
• /
• 2007

The transport mechanisms of the MTES (methyltriethoxysilane) templating silica/a-alumina composite membrane were evaluated by using four binary and one quaternary hydrogen mixtures through permeation experiments at unsteady- and steady-states. Since the permeation flux in the MTES membrane, through the experimental and theoretical studies, was affected by molecular sieving effects as well as surface diffusion properties, the kinetic and equilibrium separation should be considered simultaneously according to molecular properties. In order to depict the transient multi-component permeation on the templating silica membrane, the GMS (generalized Maxwell-Stefan) and DGM (dust gas model) were adapted to unsteady-state material balance.

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.108-116
• /
• 1993

수면전개 혼합적층막의 기체투과계수는 PS의 혼합비율이 증가함에 따라, 분리계수는 PVC의 환합비율이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 기체투과기구는 PS의 혼합비율이 감소함에 따라 Poiseuile-Knudsen 모델에서 solution-diffusion모델로 전이하였다. 한편 혼합박막의 구조는 공기면측에 소수성의 PS가, 수면측에는 친수성인 PVC가 배향된 직렬혼합구조였으며, 기체투과거동은 series model을 따랐다.

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.60-69
• /
• 1993

BTDA-BAPP, DSDA-BAPP, BTDA-4,4'ODA의 폴리아믹산(PAA)으로 막을 주조하고 부분이미드화하여 산소와 질소의 투과특성을 조사하였다. 가열이미드화로 이미드화가 증가할수록 투과속도는 초기에 증가하여 최고점을 나타내고 감소하였다. 가열이미드화할 때 ?에는 PAA 수소결합의 소실로 기체투과가 증가하나 이미드화가 증가하면 치밀화로 인하여 기체투과 감소효과가 커지는 것으로 추정되었다. BTDA-BAPP, DSDA-BAPP, BTDA-4,4'-ODA는 각각 이미드화율 37%, 47%, 55%일때 최고투과계수 8.3, 0.3, 0.8 barrer을 나타내었다. 그러나 투과선택도는 이미드화와 무관하게 거의 일정하였다.