• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2019

In conventional machining, the use of cutting fluid is essential to reduce cutting heat and to improve machining quality. However, to increase the performance of cutting fluids, various chemical components have been added. However, these chemical components during machining have a negative impact on the health of workers and cutting environment. In current machining, environment-friendly machining is conducted using MQL (minimum quantity lubrication) or cryogenic air spraying to minimize the harmful effects. In this study, the injection nozzle that can combined injecting minimum quantity lubrication(MQL) and cryogenic gas was designed and the shape optimization was performed by using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) and design of experiment(DOE). Performance verification was performed for the designed nozzle. The diameter of the sprayed fluid at a distance of 30 mm from the nozzle was analyzed to be 21 mm. It was also analyzed to lower the aerosol temperature to about 260~270K.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1481-1498
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• 2013

The SCR (selective catalytic reduction) system is highly-effective technique for NOx reduction from exhaust gases. In this study, the effects of the direction and size of nozzle and the ammonia injection concentration on the performance of SCR system are analyzed by using the computational fluid dynamics method. When the nozzle is arranged in zigzaged direction which is normal to exhausted gas flow, it is shown that the uniformity of gas flow and the NH3/NO molar ratio is improved remarkably. With the change of the ammonia injection concentration from 0.2 vol%(wet) to 1.0 vol%(wet), the uniformity of gas flow shows a good results. As the size of nozzle diameter changes from 6 mm to 12 mm, the uniformity of gas flow is maintained well. It is shown that the uniformity of the $NH_3/NO$ molar ratio becomes better with decreasing the ammonia injection concentration and the size of nozzle diameter.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2002

The probability density functions (PDF) of temperature were measured by coherent anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS) in flames of gas turbine combustor sector rig of an aero-engine. The combustor was operated at simulated ground idle conditions with standard kerosene fuel. Temperature PDFs had been measured near fuel nozzle with change of rotation of a swirler and existence of a prefilmer. The characteristic features of temperature PDFs showed the variation of combustion configurations at four experimental conditions. Without a prefilmer, large recirculation of high temperature gas was expected in the co-flow condition and un vaporized fuel fragments were detected in the counter-flow condition. With a prefilmer, the enhanced mixing increased combustion intensity near fuel nozzle in the counter-flow condition and the flame was attached far from the fuel nozzle in the co-flow condition.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2006년도 제32회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.79-85
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• 2006

In this study, to increase the mixing between flue gas and reducing agent, new shapes of $NH_3$ ejection nozzles are designed and experimentally and numerically tested. The nozzles have six holes perpendicular to the ambient flue gas flow and the tilting angle between direction of ambient flow and the hole axis is varied. To evaluate the mixing efficiency of the proposed nozzles, numerical and experimental tests are applied to several flow conditions comparing with single hole nozzle, which is commonly used in conventional SCR process. From the results the nozzle with tilted multi-holes has the large region of high turbulent intensity compared with conventional single hole nozzle. This is originated from the high vorticity near the upstream of the jet flow issuing from the hole. The high turbulent intensity and vorticity magnitude lead to enhanced mixing between flue gas and reducing agent. Hence, the most suitable moral ratio between NOx and reducing agent for the catalytic reaction can be obtained on behalf of the intensified scalar mixing within shorter physical mixing length.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.372-375
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• 1999

This paper presents an arc(hot-gas flow field) analysis method in GCB. This method includes the Lorentz's force due to magnetic field, turbulent viscous effect and radiation heat transfer which are indispensable to the analysis of hot-gas flow. To verify the applicability of the Proposed method, steady state hot-Eas flow analysis within a simplified interrupter has been carried out. Inlet boundary pressure values were assumed to be 9.0atm and 12.0atm. For each inlet boundary condition, three cases of hot-gas flow field analyses were performed according to the values of arc currents which were assumed to be D.C 0.6kA. 1.0kA and 2.0kA. The results revealed that the arc radius at nozzle throat has been concentrated by increasing the pressure of nozzle upstream and that the maximum temperature of arc core has been decreased along to nozzle exit and the high temperature lesion come to be wide in nozzle downstream. From these results, it is confirmed that the proposed method will be applicable to predict the large current interruption capability of GCB.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.120-126
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• 2021

In this study, AlSi10Mg alloy powders are synthesized using gas atomization and sieving processes for powder bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing. The effect of nozzle diameter (ø = 4.0, 4.5, 5.0 and 8.0 mm) on the gas atomization and sieving size on the properties of the prepared powder are investigated. As the nozzle diameter decreases, the size of the manufactured powder decreases, and the uniformity of the particle size distribution improves. Therefore, the ø 4.0 mm nozzle diameter yields powder with superior properties. Spherically shaped powders can be prepared at a scale suitable for the PBF process with a particle size distribution of 10-45 ㎛. The Hausner ratio value of the powder is measured to be 1.24. In addition, the yield fraction of the powder prepared in this study is 26.6%, which is higher than the previously reported value of 10-15%. These results indicate that the nozzle diameter and the post-sieve process simultaneously influence the shape of the prepared powder as well as the satellite powder on its surface.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.3529-3533
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• 2007

The advantages of the SITVC(secondary injection thrust vector control) technique over mechanical thrust vector systems include a reduction in both the nozzle weight and complexity due to the elimination of the mechanical actuators that are used in conventional vectoring. Computational study is performed to understand the fluidic thrust vectoring control of an axisymmetric nozzle, in which secondary gas injection is made in the divergent section of the nozzle. The nozzle has a design mach number 3. The effect of injection hole number and shape of secondary jet on the mach number distribution of SITVC were investigated. The standard ${\kappa}$ - ${\epsilon}$ turbulence model solved the complex three-dimensional nozzle flows perturbed by the secondary gas jet. The numerical code was validated by experiment. The results showed that the mach number distribution of circular and square nozzle are similar each other. As number of second injection hole increasing, a effect of deflection was decreased.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2012

레이저 절단가공에서 사용되는 보조가스의 충돌특성을 개선하기 위한 실험적 연구가 진행되었다. 보조가스의 압력, 노즐의 위치 및 각도 등 다양한 관계변수의 변화에 대하여, 초음속 사각노즐에서 분출되는 보조가스의 절단면 충돌특성이 기존의 원형노즐 경우와 비교 관찰되었다. 이를 위하여 쉴러린 유동가시화 및 절단면 하단에서의 피토압 측정이 진행되었다. 본 연구에서 응용된 사각노즐은 절단면 모서리에서 발생하는 마하디스크의 강도를 줄이고, 이를 통하여 기존의 원형노즐에 비하여 절단면을 따라 흐르는 보조가스의 박리현상을 약화시키고 보조가스 후방의 피토압력을 증가시킬 수 있음이 확인되었다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2004년도 제22회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.385-390
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• 2004

An unique ceramic material produced through unidirectional solidification with eutectic composition of two-phase oxides was introduced recently. This composite material has the microstructure of coupled networks of two single crystals interpenetrate each other without grain boundaries. Depending on this microstructure this material, called Melt Growth Composite (MGC), can sustain its room temperature strength up to 1$700^{\circ}C$ (near its melting point) and offer strong oxidization-resistant ability, making its characteristics quite ideal for the gas turbine application. The research project on MGC started in 2001 with the objective of establishing component technologies for MGC application to the high temperature components of the gas turbine engine. MGC turbine nozzles are expected to improve efficiency of gas turbine. However, reduction of the thermal stress is required since high thermal stress is easily generated in MGC turbine nozzles due to temperature distribution. Firstly, the hollow nozzle shape was optimized to reduce thermal stress using numerical analysis. From the results of the first hot gas flow tests, the thermal stress due to span-wise temperature distribution was required to be reduced, and separated nozzle to three pieces was designed. This was tested in hot gas flow at 140$0^{\circ}C$ level, and temperature distributions on the nozzle surface were obtained and stress field was evaluated.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2014

MILD 연소는 고온의 배기가스를 연소로 내에 재유입 되는 양에 따라 질소산화물 저감 특성에 많은 영향을 받는다. 본 연구에서는 MILD 연소로에서 고온의 배기가스를 연소로 내에 재순환하기 위해 코안다 노즐을 사용하였는데. 코안다 노즐의 중심에 중심 축소관을 설치한 경우와 설치하지 않은 경우에 고압공기 유량, 배기가스 유입량 특성을 수치해석을 통해 살펴봄으로써 최적의 코안다 노즐 형상을 도출하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 하였다. 본 연구의 전산 해석의 결과는 혼합가스 출구의 압력이 대기압일 때는 중심축소관이 없을 때가 배기가스 유입량이 약 18% 크게 나타나고 혼합가스 출구 압력이 증가하면 중심축소관이 있을 때가 유입량이 더 큼일 알 수 있었다. 이에 대한 분석은 노즐 목에서의 압력, 유입가스 입구와 혼합가스 출구 압력 그리고 유동 단면적으로 구성한 유입 구동력으로 해석 가능하였다.