• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2010

Miniature Joule-Thomson refrigerators have been widely used for rapid cooling of infrared detectors, optoelectronic device, and integrated circuits of micro electronics. The typical J-T refrigerator consists of the recuperative heat exchanger with the double helical tube and fin configuration, J-T nozzle, a mandrel, Dewar and a compressed gas storage bottle. In this study, to predict the thermodynamic behaviors of the refrigerator with a compressed gas storage bottle during the cool-down time, numerical study of transient characteristics for a J-T refrigerator was developed. A simplified transient one.dimensional model of the momentum and energy equations was simultaneously solved to consider the thermal interactions of the each component of the refrigerator. To account for effects of the thermal mass of the solid, the heat capacities of the tube, fins, mandrel and Dewar are considered. The results show the charged gas pressure of the gas storage bottle has significant effects on the performance of the J-T refrigerator. At the elevated gas pressure of the gas storage bottle, the large capacity of the compressed gas storage does not need to get the fast cool-down performance of the J-T refrigerator in the cool-down stage.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.339-345
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• 2010

There have been a number of efforts to satisfy national emission regulations and reduce the amount of emitted air pollutants. There are several air pollution control devices, however, only wet scrubber is efficiently used to remove particulate matters and gaseous pollutants, even if it has minimum collection efficiency in the particle size range of $0.1{\sim}1{\mu}m$. This study aimed to improve the collection efficiency of a spray tower type scrubber by introducing an electrospray system with two-flow nozzle. We found that the collection efficiency of a spray tower type scrubber was similar to that of a conventional wet scrubber. However, installation of an electrospray system in the scrubber resulted in drastic further improvement of collection efficiency comparing to that of a conventional scrubber, which is 26%, 35.2%, and 45.1% at the liquid to gas ratio of 0.26 $L/m^3$ and 19.9%, 35.1%, and 42.5% at 0.34 $L/m^3$ for the applied voltage of -30 kV, -35 kV, and -40 kV, respectively. Therefore, we found that the introduction of an electrospray system is very effective to improve the collection efficiency of a spray tower type scrubber.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2014

고체 로켓 추진기관의 노즐목 삽입재에 적용하는 그라파이트의 삭마율 특성을 분석하였다. 지상연소시험은 3종류의 일반적인 노즐형태를 갖는 추진기관을 사용하여 수행하였다. 즉, De-Laval 형태, 토출관 형태, 내삽 형태이다. 13종류의 서로 다른 형상의 추진기관에 다양한 추진제를 적용하였고, 노즐목 위치에 그라파이트를 적용하여 총 37회의 연소시험을 수행하였다. 분석결과 그라파이트의 삭마율은 연소실 평균압력이 상승함에 따라, 산화몰분율이 증가함에 따라 증가함을 알 수 있다.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2007

This study evaluates the performance of the packed bed scrubber and proposes the optimization of spray system for improvements of collection efficiency. The packed bed scrubber is used primarily in the semiconductor manufacturing process. The mean diameter of entering solid particles in scrubber is the submicron. The impaction between water droplets and solid particles is an important factor in removing the solid particles. Thus, the coverage area of spray system influences on the collection efficiency. The collection efficiency of a single droplet is calculated through the mathematical model and numerical calculations are performed for coverage area for each nozzle type (Droplet diameters: 500, 319.5, $289.5{\mu}m$) and injected directions (0, 15, $30^{\circ}$). In case of nozzle type 3, the collection efficiency of a single droplet is highest but the collection efficiency of spray system has lowest value because the ratio of flow rate between the gas and water is below 0.1. The results show the coverage area ratio is about 85% in the case of nozzle type 3 and downward sirection $15^{\circ}$. It was shown that a coverage area increase by two times than an existing spray system. In simulation of demister, collection efficiency by demister is predicted about 80% and the pressure drop in demister is below 3.5 Pa.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2003

Compound choking frequently occurs at a minimum area of the flow passage, where two or more streams which have different stagnation properties are merged. This phenomenon is especially important in that the flow choking may not be given by Mach number, M=1 at the nozzle throat. In order to obtain a detailed understanding of the flow characteristics involved in the compound flow choking, the two-dimensional, compressible, Wavier-Stokes equations are solved using a fully implicit finite volume method and the predicted solutions are compared with the results of the one-dimensional theoretical analysis. Stagnation pressure and temperature of each stream are changed to investigate the effects on the compound choking. The results show that stagnation pressures of each stream affect Mach number and static pressure distributions downstream of the exit of the convergent nozzle. However, the flow characteristics of the compound choking are not significantly dependent on the total temperature ratio.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2011년도 제42회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1536-1537
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• 2011

The high-voltage circuit breaker plays an important role in the electrical system because there has been a need for suitable switching devices capable of initiating and interrupting the flow of the electric fault current. It continues as the contacts recede from each other and as the newly created gap is bridged by a plasma. The arc plasma happens inside the insulation nozzle of SF6 self-blast interrupter which is newly developed as the next-generation switching principle. The ablation of PTFE nozzle is caused by this high temperature medium, the PTFE vapor from the nozzle surfaces flows toward the outlets and the pressure chamber. The vapor makes the pressure of the chamber increased by heat and mass transfer from the arcing zone. Because the rate of ablation depends on the magnitude of applied current, it decreases when the current goes to zero. The compressed gas inside the chamber flows reversely toward the arc plasma during this moment. According to this principle, the arc can be cooled down and the fault current can be interrupted successfully. In this study, we calculate arc plasmas and thermal-flow characteristics caused by fault current interruption inside a SF6 self-blast interrupter, and to investigate the effect of PTFE ablation on the whole arcing history.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1992년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.961-965
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• 1992

It is well-known that shock waves frequently occur inside the nozzle of the interrupter, and that they play important roles in the arc interruption. A model interrupter with two-dimensional dual-airflow nozzles was used for this experiment. The arc was ignited with 1.4 mil copper wire stretched between the electrodes which were spaced out 56 mm. The arc current of 60 to 230 A was achieved by adjusting the external resistance from 5.5 to 1.6 ohms. The arc tests have been conducted for investigating the air arc characteristics, and the effects of shock waves and nozzle pressure ratios on the arc voltage, the arc resistance, the arc power, and average electric field. The results of these tests have been analyzed to provide insights into the arc characteristics for gas circuit breakers. The average electric field is represented by the function of the arc current to show the negative E-I characteristic explicitly. The effects of shock waves and nozzle pressure ratios are shown to be significant for a circuit breaker performance.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.934-939
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• 2007

추력방향제어는 발사 직후 비행체를 임의의 방향으로 급선회해야 할 경우에 초음속 노즐의 배출가스 방향을 조절하여 측력과 모멘트를 형성시키는 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 압축공기를 이용한 비 연소시험으로 초음속유동 시험장치를 이용하여 기계적 편향판인 램프 탭의 설치위치에 따라 성능연구를 수행하였다. 밀도변화에 따라 유동장을 관찰할 수 있는 쉬리렌 장치를 이용하여 램프 탭 내부에서 발생하는 유동장 구조와 경사충격파의 위치 등을 가시화하였다. 아울러 각 방향에 작용하는 제어 힘, 추력손실 및 표면 압력 분포 등을 도시분석하였다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2005년도 제25회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.487-490
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• 2005

고체 추진 로켓에 있어서의 추력제어는 액체 추진 로켓의 그것보다 한정되어 있다. 추진제의 혼합비는 물론 연소시간과 면적 등 연소에 관계된 모든 부분들이 이미 정해져 있기 때문에 당연한 결과이다. 이러한 고체 추진 로켓의 추력을 방향 제어하기는 고체 추진 로켓의 용도나 목적 대비 효율 측면에서 실용적이지 못한 부분이다. 하지만 고체 추진 로켓의 추력의 극대화하여 탑재물의 중량 한계를 늘리고 보다 많은 목적을 위한 탑재물의 증가는 당연히 이루어야 할 과제이다. 고체 추진 로켓에서의 추력을 노즐 형상의 설계를 통해 강구해 보았다.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2005년도 전기학술대회논문집
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• pp.205-209
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• 2005

Now a days Automobiles are becoming more important in our life, the study on piston of engine is needed because, piston's cooling and lubrication of piston have an effect on the life and efficiency of engine directly. So, this study is about nozzle part of oil jet for cooling piston in the automotive engine. Piston exposes combustion gas of over $2000^{\circ}C$ and is shocked high pressure at the time of explosion shortly. Furthermore strong friction occurs by high speed rotation. The cooling system is considered from oil jet to piston. The previous system cooled the lower part of piston only. So, efficiency was low. To improve this system, make the oil gallery in the piston, and oil flows into the gallery. The value of oil flow rate into the gallery is important. Consequently, the point of this study is the research of investigation of flow characteristics for variable Re number. This study has been modelled by a commercial CFD code FLUENT, allowing to assess its validity