• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2013

The enzyme-like catalytic functions of metal complex phthalocyanine derivatives those containing carboxylic acid groups could be applied as odor-removing systems and antibacterial systems. Pyromellitic dianhydride and 4-nitrophthalimide were used as starting material for synthesizing dinitro-tetracarboxylic acid iron phthalocyanine(compound 1). Then diamino-tetracarboxylic phthalocyanine(compound 2) was obtained by reduction of compound 1. For the formation of covalent bond with cellulose fiber, cyanuric chloride was introduced to the amino group of compound 2 by condensation reaction compound 3. The exhaustion method was employed for adsorbing compound 3 on cotton fiber. K/S values of each fabrics were measured by a CCM system and deodorizing rates were tested by a detector tube method for ammonia gas. K/S values of treated cotton fiber with compound 3 were arranged from 2.1 to 4.2 at $90^{\circ}C$ of exhaustion temperature. Deodorizing rates provided result of 81%, 84%, 88%, 91%, by passing time of 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, 120 min, respectively.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.600-610
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• 1995

When combustion gas is cooled down below the dew point of sulfuric acid vapor in the heat recovery systems, condensation occurs. Since the condensed sulfuric acid solution causes low-temperature corrosion in materials, it is important to measure the SOx dew point by electric measurement. In this study, two kinds of probes having electric gaps of 1mm or 2mm were used. and experiments were carried out by the parameters of sulfuric acid vapor and water vapor concentration. The changes of electric current caused by sulfuric acid condensed on the surface of probe according to the cooling rate and the probe head surface temperature were sudied. The opimum cooling rate was decreased with the increasing of water vaper concentration regardless of sulfuric acid concentration. The sensitivity of electric current is improved for the narrower gap(1mm) of ring electrodes, but it rarely affects the SOx dew point measuring of different probes according to the change of cooling rate.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.625-626
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• 2006

In the present study, the focus is on the synthesis of nanosized WC powder by the chemical vapor condensation proces. The synthesized W-C system powder by the CVC process shows W2C, W, WO3 phases and can not shows WC phase. After recarburization heat treatment under mixture gas atmosphere of argon and hydrogen gases, the synthesized W-C system powder fully transformed to the pure WC. The synthesized WC powder after recarburization heat treatment has an average particle size of 20 nm. The nano-sized WC powder can be prepared by the combination of the CVC process and heat treatment methods.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.16
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• pp.579-582
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• 2003

Ozone is usually generated from oxygen gas using a silent discharge apparatus and its concentration is less then 10 mol%. Ozone is condensed by the adsorption method, which is widely used for the growth of oxidation thin films such as superconductor. Highly condensed ozone is analyzed by three methods; ultraviolet absorption, thermal decomposition and Q-mass analyzing methods. Thermal decomposition method is most effective in the highly condensed ozone region and its method is superior to Q-mass analyzer for determining ozone concentration because of the simplicity of the method.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.464-467
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• 2020

Nickel nanopowders are obtained by the spark discharge method, which is based on the evaporation of the electrode surface under the action of the discharge current, followed by vapor condensation and the formation of nanoparticles. Nickel electrodes with a purity of 99.99% are used to synthesize the nickel nanoparticles in the setup. Nitrogen is used as the carrier gas with a purity of 99.998%. XRD, TEM, and EDX analyses of the nanopowders are performed. Moreover, HRTEM images with measured interplanar spacings are obtained. In the nickel nanopowder samples, a phase of approximately 90 wt% with an expanded crystal lattice of 6.5% on average is found. The results indicate an unusual process of nickel nanoparticle formation when the spark discharge method is employed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제21권E1호
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• pp.23-35
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• 2005

Size distribution of particulate water-soluble ion components was measured at Gosan, Korea using a micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI). Sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate showed peaks in three size ranges; Sulfate and ammonium were of dominant species measured in the fine mode ($D_{p} < 1.8 {\mu}m$). One peak was observed in the condensation mode ($0.218\sim0.532{\mu}m$), and the other peak was obtained in the droplet mode ($0.532\sim1.8{\mu}m$). Considering the fact that the equivalent ratios of ammonium to sulfate ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 in these size ranges, it is inferred that they formed sufficiently neutralized compounds such as ($NH_{4})_{2}SO_{4} and (NH_{4})_{3}H(SO_{4})_{2}$ during the long-range transport of anthropogenic pollutants. On the other hand, nitrate was distributed mainly in the coarse mode ($3.1\sim6.2{\mu}m$) combined with soil and sea salt. Two sets of MOUDI samples were collected in each season. One sample was collected when the concentrations of criteria air pollutants were relatively high, but the other represented relatively clean air quality. The concentrations of sulfate and ammonium particles in droplet mode were the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. When the air quality was bad, the increase of nitrate was observed in the condensation mode ($0.218\sim0.282{\mu}m$). It thus suggests that the nitrate particles were produced through gas phase reaction of nitric acid with ammonia. Chloride depletion was remarkably high in summer due to the high temperature and relative humidity.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.289-296
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• 2016

리튬이온전지 양극활물질 제조공정의 용제로 사용되는 NMP(N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidinone)는 전량수입에 의존하고 있으며 BASF와 ISP의 독과점에 따라 높은 가격을 유지하고 있다. 이로 인해 대부분의 리튬이온전지 제조업체들은 건조과정에서 배기되는 공기 중에서 NMP를 회수한 후 재사용하는 방식을 이용하고 있다. 국내에서는 주로 NMP의 친수성을 이용해 흡수탑에서 회수하는 흡수법을 사용한다. 이 방식으로 회수된 NMP의 순도는 80% 수준이며, 처리된 가스의 수분 함유량이 높아 100% 배기할 수밖에 없는 문제점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 냉각응축법과 농축법을 복합 구성하여 NMP 회수율이 99.6%, 회수된 NMP 순도가 96.1%인 하이브리드형 NMP 회수시스템을 개발하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.246-249
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• 2013

Nano-sized ${\beta}$-SiC nanoparticles were synthesized combined with a sol-gel process and a carbothermal process. TEOS and carbon black were used as starting materials for the silicon source and carbon source, respectively. $SiO_2$ nanoparticles were synthesized using a sol-gel technique (Stober process) combined with hydrolysis and condensation. The size of the particles could be controlled by manipulating the relative rates of the hydrolysis and condensation reactions of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) within the micro-emulsion. The average particle size and morphology of synthesized silicon dioxide was about 100nm and spherical, respectively. The average particles size and morphology of the used carbon black powders was about 20nm and spherical, respectively. The molar ratio of silicon dioxide and carbon black was fixed to 1:3 in the preparation of each combination. $SiO_2$ and carbon black powders were mixed in ethanol and ball-milled for 12 h. After mixing, the slurries were dried at $80^{\circ}C$ in an oven. The dried powder mixtures were placed in alumina crucibles and synthesized in a tube furnace at $1400{\sim}1500^{\circ}C$ for 4 h with a heating rate of $10^{\circ}C$/min under flowing Ar gas (160 cc/min) and furnace cooling down to room temperature. SiC nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, TEM, and SAED. The XRD results showed that high purity beta silicon carbide with excellent crystallinity was synthesized. TEM revealed that the powders are spherical shape nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 15 to 30 nm with a narrow distribution.

• 공업화학
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.666-671
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• 1999

본 연구에서 술폰화된 poly(phenylene sulfide)(SPPS)는 10%의 발연황산으로 PPST를 술폰화한 후 NaOH 수용액으로 demethylation하여 제조하였다. 유기용매에 용해되는 PPST는 methyl-(phenylthio)phenyl sulfoxide(MPPSO)의 자가축합 반응으로 합성되었다. SPPS는 $1200cm^{-1}$에서 $-SO_{3}H$의 비대칭 O=S=O 신축진동에 의한 흡수피크와 $621cm^{-1}$에서 S-O 신축진동에 의한 흡수피크가 관찰된 것으로 보아 술폰산기가 도입된 것을 알 수 있다. PPST의 술폰화를 $150^{\circ}C$에서 12시간 반응했을 때 반복단위당 1.48개의 술폰산기가 도입되었으며, 고온 GPC로 측정된 PPST와 SPPS의 중량평균분자량(Mw)은 각각 118323과 131204이었다. SPPS의 암모니아 가스 흡착능은 $9.67mmol\;NH_{3}/g$이었고, 활성탄, 실리카겔보다 월등히 높았다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2009

Recently, Europe decided to start the regulation of diesel engine nanoparticles because of its well known adverse health effects. The diesel nanoparticles can be classified as solid carbon particles and volatile particles. The volatile particles generates during dilution process by condensation of gas phase volatile compounds such as hydrocarbon. The new nanoparticle regulation considers only solid particles because of difficulty of measurement of volatile particles. The aim of this study is to suggest a proper dilution method that prevent the volatile particle generation. As a result, it is found that the $1^{st}$ dilution air temperature should be above $120^{\circ}C$ in order to prevent volatile particle generation effectively. It is also found that the volatile particles can be removed effectively in the evaporation tube by the increase of evaporation tube temperature. But when exhaust gas is hot enough (>$190^{\circ}C$, in this study) and it is diluted in the first diluter with high temperature air (>$120^{\circ}C$), removal phenomenon of volatile particles by increasing of evaporation tube temperature can not be seen. It means that there are no volatile particles in the diluted exhaust gas. Additionally, dilution ratio is not an important factor for volatile particle generation compared with dilution air temperature or evaporation tube temperature.