• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 3축 가속도 센서를 이용하여 사람이 보행 시 발생하는 센서 데이터를 획득하여 실시간 걸음 수 검출과 활동량으로 변환 가능한 웨어러블 디바이스를 개발하였다. 피험자 59명을 대상으로 트레드밀에서 호흡가스대사분석기(K4B2), Actical 그리고 본 연구에서 개발된 디바이스를 착용 후 36분 동안 테스트 프로토콜에 따라 느리게 걷기, 걷기, 빠르게 걷기, 천천히 뛰기, 뛰기, 빠르게 뛰기 등의 다양한 걸음 속력에서 테스트를 진행하였다. 3축 가속도 센서의 X, Y, Z축 출력 값을 하나의 대표 값으로 처리하는 신호벡터크기(Signal Vector Magnitude :SVM)를 사용하였다. 또한 정확한 걸음 수를 검출하기 위해 휴리스틱 알고리즘(Heuristic Algorithm :HA)을 제안하고 적응적인 임계값 알고리즘(Adaptive Threshold Algorithm :ATA), 적응적인 잠금 구간 알고리즘(Adaptive Locking Period Algorithm :ALPA)을 제안한다. 그리고 인체 활동량 측정을 위하여 가속도 센서 출력 데이터와 피험자 정보를 이용하여 에너지소비량(Energy Expenditure :EE)을 추정하는 회귀식을 도출하였다. 실험결과 제안하는 알고리즘의 걸음 수 인식률은 97.34%를 보였으며 활동량 변환 알고리즘도 Actical의 성능보다 1.61% 향상 되었다.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2013

Partial discharge diagnosis techniques using ultra high frequencies do not affect load movement, because there is no interruption of power. Consequently, these techniques are popular among the prevention diagnosis methods. For the first time, this measurement technique has been applied to the GIS, and has been tested by applying an extra high voltage switchboard. This particular technique makes it easy to measure in the live state, and is not affected by the noise generated by analyzing the causes of faults ? thereby making risk analysis possible. It is reported that the analysis data and the evaluation of the risk level are improved, especially for poor location, and that the measurement of Ultra high frequency (UHF) partial discharge of the real live wire in industrial switchgear is spectacular. Partial discharge diagnosis techniques by using the Ultra High Frequency sensor have been recently highlighted, and it is verified by applying them to the GIS. This has become one of the new and various power equipment techniques. Diagnosis using a UHF sensor is easy to measure, and waveform analysis is already standardized, due to numerous past case experiments. This technique is currently active in research and development, and commercialization is becoming a reality. Another aspect of this technique is that it can determine the occurrences and types of partial discharge, by the application diagnosis for live wire of ultra high voltage switchgear. Measured data by using the UHF partial discharge techniques for ultra high voltage switchgear was obtained from 200 places in Gumi, Yeosu, Taiwan and China's semiconductor plants, and also the partial discharge signals at 15 other places were found. It was confirmed that the partial discharge signal was destroyed by improving the work of junction bolt tightening check, and the cable head reinforcement insulation at 8 places with a possibility for preventing the interruption of service. Also, it was confirmed that the UHF partial discharge measurement techniques are also a prevention diagnosis method in actual industrial sites. The measured field data and the usage of the research for risk assessment techniques of the live wire status of power equipment make a valuable database for future improvements.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2009

상대습도와 $CO_2$ 기체의 실시간 동시 감지가 가능한 표면탄성파(SAW: Surface Acoustic Wave) 기반의 무선, 무전원 센서가 개발되었다. 본 소자는 $41^{\circ}YX\;LiNbO_3$ 기판 위에 만들어졌으며, 반사 지연선의 구조로 이루어져 있다. 본 논문의 반사 지연선은 양방향 감지가 가능한 Interdigital transducer(IDT)와 10개의 리플렉터(reflector)로 이루어져 있다. 감지 필름은 Teflon AF 2400과 친수성의 $SiO_2$층이 이용되었으며, 이는 각각 $CO_2$와 상대 습도의 감지를 담당한다. 소자의 제작에 앞서 최적의 소자 설계 조건들을 도출하기 위해 Couple of mode(COM) 모델링이 실시되었다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 반영하여 소자의 제작이 진행되었으며, 네트워크 분석기를 이용하여 무선 측정이 실시 되었다. 시간 영역에서 측정된 반사계수 $S_{11}$은 높은 신호 대 잡음 비, 작은 신호 감쇠, 적은 허위 피크를 보였다. 제작된 소자는 각각 $75{\sim}375ppm$의 $CO_2$ 범위와 $20{\sim}80%$의 상대 습도 범위에서 측정되었으며, 각각 $2^{\circ}/ppm$의 $CO_2$ 민감도, $7.45^{\circ}/%$의 상대습도에 대한 민감도를 보였고, 좋은 선형성과 반복성을 보였다. 또한 민감도 측정 과정에서 온도와 습도의 보상 과정을 거쳐 더욱 정확한 민감도를 갖도록 하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2018

The expansion and stable operation of electric power facilities are important factors with development of industrial facilities in modern society. In high-voltage equipment such as GIS, the insulation characteristics may be deterioated by environment-friendly gas adaption and miniaturization. There is also the possibility of accidents due to insulation breakdown due to the deterioration of power facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to extend the diagnosis system to continuously monitor the danger signals of these power equipment and to prevent accidents. Most of the internal defects in the GIS system are conductive particles, floating electrode defects, protrusion defects, and the like. In this case, a partial discharge phenomenon is accompanied. These partial discharge signals occur irregularly and various noise signals are included in the field, so it is difficult to evaluate the reliability in the development of the diagnostic system. In this paper, a study was made on equipment capable of generating a partial discharge simulated signal that can be adjusted in size and frequency to be applied to a diagnostic device by electromagnetic wave detection method. The PD simulated pulse generator consists of a user interface module, a high-voltage charging module, a pulse forming circuit, a voltage sensor and an embedded controller. In order to simulate the partial discharge phenomenon similar to the actual GIS, a discharge cell was designed and fabricated. The application of the prototype pulse generator to the commercialized PD diagnosis module confirmed that it can be used to evaluate the performance of the diagnostic device. It can be used for the development of GIS diagnosis system and performance verification for reliability evaluation.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.17-37
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• 2011

The microcantilever (MCL) sensor is one of the most promising platforms for next-generation label-free biosensing applications. It outperforms conventional label-free detection methods in terms of portability and parallelization. In this paper, an overview of recent advances in our understanding of the coupling between biomolecular interactions and MCL responses is given. A dual compact optical MCL sensing platform was built to enable biosensing experiments both in gas-phase environments and in solutions. The thermal bimorph effect was found to be an effective nanomanipulator for the MCL platform calibration. The study of the alkanethiol self-assembly monolayer (SAM) chain length effect revealed that 1-octanethiol ($C_8H_{17}SH$) induced a larger deflection than that from 1-dodecanethiol ($C_{12}H_{25}SH$) in solutions. Using the clinically relevant biomarker C-reactive protein (CRP), we revealed that the analytical sensitivity of the MCL reached a diagnostic level of $1{\sim}500{\mu}g/ml$ within a 7% coefficient of variation. Using grazing incident x-ray diffractometer (GIXRD) analysis, we found that the gold surface was dominated by the (111) crystalline plane. Moreover, using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, we confirmed that the Au-S covalent bonds occurred in SAM adsorption whereas CRP molecular bindings occurred in protein analysis. First principles density functional theory (DFT) simulations were also used to examine biomolecular adsorption mechanisms. Multiscale modeling was then developed to connect the interactions at the molecular level with the MCL mechanical response. The alkanethiol SAM chain length effect in air was successfully predicted using the multiscale scheme.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.93-93
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• 2009

In order to overcome the lack of reactivity with hydrogen gas ($H_2$) and utilize unique properties of Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs) for the application to hydrogen sensors, there have been intensive works on the surface functionalization of CNTs with various types of nanoparticles including Pd. In the present work, we have investigated the effect of dendrimers and Pd nanoparticles to the hydrogen sensing properties of CNTs by comparing three types of samples: Pd/SWNTs (Sample I), Pd/dendrimer/SWNTs (Sample II) and heat-treated Pd/dendrimers/SWNTs (Sample III). As a result of IV measurement under the $H_2$ and air, sample I was found to have a high sensitivity (25%) to $H_2$, but to have a very slow response time (324 s) and recovery rate. On the other hand, Sample II was found to show much faster response time (3 s) and good recovery rate but lower sensitivity (8.6%) than Sample I which is due to induced dipole moments in the dendrimers. Interestingly, Sample III showed both fast response time (7 s) and high sensitivity (25%), indicating that the pyrolysis of the dendrimers during heat treatment which reduce the distance between the surface of the SWNTs and the functionalized Pd nanoparticles plays a key role in improving the sensitivity. The pyrolysis of the dendrimers in Pd nanoparticle-dendrimer-SWNTs was found to enable a significant electrical conductance modulation upon exposure to extremely low concentrations (10 ppm) of $H_2$ in air. Our results demonstrate that the Pd Nanoparticle-Grafted Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes(SWNTs) with Dendrimers can be used to detect hydrogen, makingoutstanding properties such as fast response, and recovery time, high sensitivity, low detection limit at room temperature compared with other types of hydrogen sensors.

• 센서학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.254-262
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• 1998

수정진동자(QCM)위에 네 종류의 프탈로시아닌($MPc(OEH)_8$, M ${\equiv}$ Cu, Co, Sn, $H_2$) LB박막을 여러 층 적층시킨 후 순수한 질소 분위기 하에서 $NO_2$에 노출시켜 그 농도를 정량화 하였다. 사용한 네 종류의 프탈로시아닌 중에서 중심위치에 금속 이온이 자리하지 않은 $H_2Pc(OEH)_8$ 감응막이 $NO_2$에 대하여 가장 민감한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 이 박막은 $NO_2$에 노출된 후 질소로 퍼지해도 처음의 주파수를 회복하지 못하는 비가역적인 흡착 양상을 보였다. NMR과 FTIR 스펙트럼 조사 결과 비가역적인 흡착은 빙고링과 프탈로시아닌 곁가지의 결합부위인 ether 그룹에서 일어나는 것으로 판명되었다. 따라서 비가역적으로 흡착이 일어나는 부분을 미리 고농도에서 포화시키는 방법으로 박막을 전처리 한 후 반복실험에 사용하였다. $CuPc(OEH)_8$박막 사용 시 수십 ppm 수준부터 4 ppm의 $NO_2$ 농도까지 정량화가 가능하였고 $H_2Pc(OEH)_8$ 박막의 경우에는 수 ppm부터 35 ppb까지의 낮은 농도까지 정량화가 가능하였다. 또한, 실제 대기 조건을 모사하기 위하여 운반기체를 순수한 질소 대신 공기로 교체하여 $H_2Pc(OEH)_8$ 감응막의 성능을 실험한 결과 산소의 영향으로 센싱 가능 한계가 수백 ppb 수준으로 증가하였다. 습기가 운반기체에 포함된 경우 감지 성능에 매우 큰 영향을 미쳤다.