• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.4 s.44
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• pp.405-416
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• 1992

This study was performed to investigate correlation between total body weight loss and local sweat rate and to find out any possible method that can estimate total body weight loss judging from local sweat rate. Twelve adult females were kept at 44 $\pm1^{\circ}C$, 50 ${\pm}5\%$ R.H. (1) Physiological responses such as total body weight loss, local sweat rate, rectal temperature, skin temperature, blood pressure and pulse, (2) micro climate inside garment and (3) subjective sensation were examined. Two types of garment such as long-sleeves with long pants (Type I) and half·sleeves with short pants (Type II) were used to observe the effect of garment types on sweating response. Both clothing weight was equal (132$\pm$3 g/$m^{2}$). The results were as follows: 1. Regardless of the different types, total body weight loss was more interrelated with the sweat rate on forehead than any other parts of the body. Except the forehead, different parts of body with different types of garment influenced on body weight loss quite differently. 2. Total body weight loss was more interrelated with the weight gain of garment than the local sweat rate. 3. Under the environment of 44$\pm1^{\circ}C,\;50{\pm}5\%$R.H., body weight loss during 1 hour of subject clothed and silted was 275.2 g/hr and weight loss per body surface area was 178.9 g/$m^{2}/hr$ Garment types have no influences on total body weight loss. 4. Local sweat rate (mg/7.07 $cm^{2}/hr$) was 208.0,191.0, 133.0, 115.0,81 0, 75.1 and 66.3 on scruff, breast, forehead, forearm, thigh, upper arm, leg respectively No evidence has been found that garment types influenced on local sweat rate (p<0.1). 5. No interrelationships between rectal temperature and total body weight loss, local skin temperature and total body weight loss, and local skin temperature and local sweat rate were found. From this study, some possible method that we can estimate total body' weight loss judging from weight loss of garment. But considering the fact that clothing design factor, the physical characteristics of fabric and environmental factor such as humidity and wind velocity should be concerned in weight loss of garment, it should be studied further whether the total body weight loss can be estimated properly from the weight loss of garment. This experiment suggest that different parts of body with different types of garment can influence on body weight loss quite differently. Therefore, in order to get more precise results, more studies under the diversity of garment types should be done in the near future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.173-186
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the weight of seasonal garments worn by Korean women in their daily lives and thermal insulation. We selected a total of 121 garments(13 kinds of Under garments, 51 Upper garments, 32 Lower garments, 15 Headgear, 10 Gloves Footgear) based on our previous survey using questionnaire and interview. Thermal insulation of single garment was measured with a thermal manikin. Also we measured garment weight, covering area, thickness, air permeability on the each garment(chamber air temperature: $21.5{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$, humidity: $50{\pm}5%R.H.$ air speed: 0.15m/s). The results are as follow: The very strong positive correlation(r=0.905, p<.01) was recognized between the weight of single garment and thermal insulation. The regression equation of thermal insulation can be represented as follows: Thermal Insulation(clo)=$0.03+0.0004{\times}Garment$ Weight(g)($r^2$=0.820, SEE =0.059). There are significant differences in the thermal insulation and garment weight by season and garment type(p<.05). The each garment category's thermal insulation and garment weight has as follows: Under garment(0.06clo, 89g), Blouse Shirt T-shirt(0.13clo, 200g), Cardigan Sweater Vest(0.14clo, 287g), Coat Jacket Jumper(0.41clo, 890g), Skirt(0.16clo, 276g), Trousers(0.20clo, 438g), Headgear(0.03clo, 102g), Gloves Footgear(0.03clo, 33g).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.775-781
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• 2009

This study was to investigate the distribution of the garment pressure in daily wearing and in ordinary posture. Ninety-nine college women students majoring the fashion were participated for this study. IBP questionnaire, garment pressure, personal preferring pressure sensations(questionnaire), and subjective garment pressure sensations were measured. There were no significant differences between the data of 2003 and those of 2005. Participants preferred T-shirts and jeans and also preferred slightly fitted style to the loose style. They were classified with the high garment pressure group and the low garment pressure group. Garment pressure from lower garments were usually higher in the high garment pressure group than in the low garment pressure group. There was no significant differences in the upper garments weights between two groups. The lower garments weight of the high garment pressure group showed $533.3{\pm}182.11g/m^2$ and that of the low garment pressure group was $453.4{\pm}181.6g/m^2$. There was a significant difference in the lower garments weight between two groups(p<.01). In a standing posture, there were no significant differences among the distribution of garment pressure. There was a significant garment pressure differences between sitting on a chair and sitting on the floor(p<.001). Participants included in the low garment pressure group felt a higher garment pressure than participants included in the high garment pressure group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.3_4
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• pp.433-443
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to identify the evaluative criteria for leather garment and investigate differences among the evaluative criteria of consumer groups, which were categorized by consumers' lifestyle. A questionnaire was developed and administered 475 males and females from twenties to forties living in Seoul and Daejon during August in 2001. Data were analysed by frequency, factor analysis, cluster analysis, t-test and one way-ANOVA. The results were as follows: 1. The leather garment evaluative criteria were found to have four different dimensions: a) aesthetic, b) sensory properties and quality, c) practicality, and d) symbolism. Especially, the sensory properties and quality including the weight of the leather garment, odor, and hand feel were identified as distinctive evaluative criteria for leather garment compared with general garments. 2. The leather garment evaluative criteria were used differently according to consumers' lifestyle. Consumers with a passive lifestyle tended to consider economic efficiency and practicality. The confident and active consumers with interests in their appearances tended to buy leather garment for symbolic and aesthetic reasons. 3. There were significant differences in evaluative criteria for the leather garment among demographics-gender, age, and marital status.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.153-158
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• 2004

With considerable development of comfortable and functional clothing in recent years, we need to evaluate the effects of garment pressure in daily wear on each parts of human body because the garment pressure is important to design the clothing. This study was designed to examine the effects of body postures on garment pressure on each parts of human body in the actual clothing conditions. All the data were collected from 50 volunteered subjects. The Garment pressure was measured in lune and December with 8 points CPMS clothing pressure system from scapular, upper am, elbow, under arm, front waist line, side waist line, abdomen, crista ilica, upper hip, middle hip, front thigh, back thigh, front knee and back knee. The postures of subjects were controlled with 3 positions such as standing (posture 1), sitting on the chair (posture 2), and sitting on the floor (posture 3) during measurement of clothing pressure. Clothing weights were more in men than in woman. It showed that clothing weights had no effects on the garment pressure. In this study, however, just the garment pressures on scapular and top of the hip increased significantly by clothing weight (p<. 05). Clothing horizontally pressed on scapular and top of hip but not on other parts. When subjects stood up, the garment pressure was the highest on the side waist. Especially, clothing pressure on the front waist point was lower than that of the left side waist. On the upper parts of the human body, the garment pressure of left side waist was the highest, and followed by front waist, crista ilica, and abdomen in order. When subjects were sitting on the chair, the garment pressure on the lower parts of the human body was the highest on the top of hip. When the subjects were sitting on the chair or on the floor, the surface area on their skin of hip and waist parts increased by postures. In addition, it showed that men felt more comfortable than women on higher clothing pressure level.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.49-61
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to set the standard items of the garment size for infants. The studied subject consisted of 560 infants from at brith to 12 months of Pusan and Gyeongnam area. The Results from this analysis are as follows; 1. The most significant growths in body dimensions of infants as an month age advanced. Expecially, stature, weight and the items of height and length showed a quite rapid growth, but the items of girth, breadth and depth showed a slow growth. 2. The coefficient of correlation between stature and weight shows high value. The result of interpretation of the extracted components are as follows. It will be more appropriate to use the method of parallerizing with height and weight items rather than with month age in classficating and indicating of size for infant garment and in taking the head girth as basic item of infant for head-gears. Consequently, as the standard items for the classification of clothing constuction of infants, it is advisable to select weight alone or both stature and weight. 3. According to the method of classifying the somatotype by the index of body soundness, the Rohrer.Kaup index on the basis of standard items, weight and stature was divided into somatotype.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.385-394
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• 2011

The purpose of this research is to compare and analyze visual images between the Real garment and the 3D garment simulation with the various fabrics of flare skirts and to analyze the correlation between mechanical properties and visual images. The picture images (printed on paper) of the Real garment and the 3D garment simulation of experimental flare skirts were shown to the evaluation group of women in their 20s majoring in clothing and textiles, and were evaluated by questionnaires with 32 adjectives. SPSS Version 12.0 statistics program was utilized to analyze data. Factor analysis, One Way ANOVA, T-test and Duncan test were used to investigate visual effect of the Real garment and the 3D garment simulation. As the result of conducting factor analysis on the visual appearance, the images were driven with five factors: 'drapeability', 'attractive', 'body compensation', 'bulkiness', 'activeness'. Visual images were significantly related with mechanical properties of various fabrics, and the visual images between 3D garment simulations and real garment differed with various fabrics and their mechanical properties. Visual images of silk and polyester group, cotton, linen and wool group were significantly related with weight and thickness of kinds of fabrics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.969-980
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• 2003

The aim of the study is to develop a jean jacket and pants of easy-to-move for schoolgirls of 11 years old. The research was carried out as follows; 1. Using a manufacturer's pattern, a jean jacket and pants were made. 2. Based on the survey of 108 schoolgirls, interviews with 4 designers of children's wear, and wearing test, three trial garments were developed. -Certain areas such as knee, elbow, and hip should be altered to have better extensibility. -The weight of the garment would be better to be reduced. 3. Three trial garments were developed using following techniques, which were found in fashion magazines for kids very often. -Alter the location and the shape of the seam line so that the areas mentioned above can adjust the movement of the body better. -Match stretchable material at the areas which require better extensibility. -Use various trimmings to make the garment more size adaptable and easy-to-move. 4. These garments were tested by 26 schoolgirls, and they answered the questionnaires focused on the design preference and easy-to-move. 5. From the results of the wearing test of three trial garments, more effective techniques were selected. Using these techniques, prototype garment was developed. The prototype garment was approved by the wearing test of 26 schoolgirls.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.80-96
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• 1999

This research focused on pattern adjustments of the stable knit garment for women. Fourteen different types of the knitted fabrics by 12 gauge, computerized flat bed machines were cut in as one half of the torso front, one half of the torso back, and one side of the sleeves for each of them. Guidelines such as the center front, the center back, the armhole, the bust-line, the waistline, the hip-line the hemline were basted on the torso patterns in the knitted fabrics. Also the grain-line, the elbow-line, and the hemline were basted on the one side of the sleeves in the same as above knitted fabrics. The torso patterns in the knitted fabrics were exhibited on the dress-forms on top of the torso patterns in Muslin, which also have the same guidelines drawn on. The distances between the guidelines on Muslin and those on the knitted fabrics for each set of the sample fabrics were measured every three days for two weeks. The fabric properties of the fourteen knitted fabrics such as fiber contents, stitch density both in the wale and course directions, weight, thickness, stretch & recovery, residual shrinkage, relaxation and drapability were laboratory tested for how these were related to finished appearance of 12 gauge, computerized flat knit garments and also in order to prove the fourteen knitted fabrics fall to a category of such as the stable knit. The results from the investigation revealed that six fabric properties such as stitch density, thickness, stretch recovery, residual shrinkage and relaxation were not so much significant factors as weight and drapability. In conclusion, fabric weight, and drapability of the fabric resulting from fiber contents were the cause of final appearance distortion of garment. When adapting patterns for stabilized, 12 gauge, computerized flat knitted fabrics, the fiber contents of the fabrics should be taken into consideration to reduce the production cost and produce better-fit garments.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2024

This study investigates consumer awareness and concerns regarding apparel sizing in the realm of online shopping. A survey was conducted with 450 women aged 18-59 who had engaged in online clothing purchases within the past year. It was observed that consumers shop for clothes online an average of 1.6 times per month, with those under 50 shopping more frequently. The importance of size is higher when buying pants than jackets, especially in online shopping compared to offline purchases. Key references guiding online shopping decisions encompassed product sizing codes, customer reviews, and garment dimensions, which were notably favored by consumers with significant concerns. Respondents opted for Korean-style sizing codes for jackets but chose inch-sizing codes for pants. While awareness of height and weight remains high, knowledge of specific body measurements crucial for clothing size design is lacking, suggesting inadequate communication of size information. Respondents prioritized specific areas for jacket and pants fit, yet the lack of comprehensive self-measurements beyond height and weight might present challenges in determining fit based solely on product dimensions. To address this issue, online retailers should display essential garment dimensions and visually suggest clothing sizes according to various body types. These findings provide valuable insights for online retailers to effectively present size information and lay a foundational framework for consumer size education.