• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.546-553
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• 2013

경남 남해군에서 자생하며 황해쑥의 변종으로 확인되어 품종 출원 추진 중인 섬액약쑥(A. argyi)을 차로 음용하기 위하여 숙성기간과 침출온도에 따른 침출물의 생리활성을 비교 하였다. 천일 건조한 쑥을 대조군(RC)으로 하고 $60^{\circ}C$의 항온기에서 3.5(HA), 7(HB) 및 14(HC) 일간 숙성하여 제조한 쑥을 차로 음용 할 때의 최저($60^{\circ}C$) 및 최고($95^{\circ}C$) 온도에서 각각 침출하였다. 가용성 고형분의 함량은 $60^{\circ}C$와 $95^{\circ}C$에서 침출한 HA 시료에서 각각 $0.52{\pm}0.18%$와 $0.92{\pm}0.18%$로 침출온도가 높을수록 가용성 고형분의 함량도 높아지는 경향이었다. 환원당 함량은 침출온도가 높을수록 더 높아 RC 시료의 경우 $95^{\circ}C$ 침출시 $9.55{\pm}0.18mg/g$으로 $60^{\circ}C$ 침출시에 비해 유의적으로 높은 함량이었다. 반면, 숙성기간에 따른 함량 차는 적어 $60^{\circ}C$에서 침출한 HA~HC 시료의 환원당은 $10.08{\pm}0.03{\sim}10.64{\pm}0.03mg/g$의 범위였다. 총 페놀화합물의 함량은 $60^{\circ}C$에서 침출하였을 때 $2.30{\pm}0.21{\sim}7.02{\pm}0.22mg/g$이었고, $95^{\circ}C$에서 침출하였을 때는 $3.36{\pm}0.13{\sim}9.88{\pm}0.23mg/g$으로 높은 온도에서 침출할 때 더 높았다. 전처리 기간이 동일한 RC와 HA 시료를 각각 $60^{\circ}C$에서 침출하였을 때 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성은 침출온도가 높을수록, 숙성 처리된 시료일수록 활성이 더 증가하였다. FRAP는 침출 온도가 높을 때 활성이 높아, RC 시료의 경우 $60^{\circ}C(83.88{\pm}0.43{\mu}M)$ 보다 $95^{\circ}C$에서 침출 하였을 때 $181.28{\pm}2.90{\mu}M$로 활성은 2배 이상 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 섬애약쑥은 숙성 처리 후 높은 온도에서 침출하여 음용할 때 유용성분의 섭취가 더 용이하며, 항산화활성도 더 우수하였다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.366-373
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• 2021

본 연구는 현장관측자료의 분석을 통해 현장데이터 기반 생육적온 분석 및 재배적지 분석 기준을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구에 활용된 현장 데이터는 고흥, 남해, 신안, 창녕, 해남 등 5개 지역의 난지형 마늘 생산량데이터를 구득하였으며, 관측소별 관측값을 역거리 가중법(Inverse Distance Weighted)를 통해 지역내 농경지 기온데이터를 추출하였다. 데이터 분석에 활용된 기간은 2010년부터 2019년까지 10년간 데이터를 활용하였다. 조사된 생산량과 기온의 국소(Kernel)회귀분석을 통해 생육적온을 분석하였으며, 대역폭에 따라 0.8(18.781℃), 0.9(18.930℃), 1.0(19.542℃), 1.1(20.165℃), 1.2(21.042℃)이었다. 생육적온의 검증 및 재배적지 기준 적용을 위해 온도반응모델을 진행하였다. 분석된 생육적온과 생산량데이터 간의 회귀 분석 및 상관 분석을 수행결과 결정계수(R²)는 0.325~0.438로 분석되었으며, 상관관계 분석에서는 유의 확률 0.001 수준에서 상관계수 0.57~0.66로 분석되었다. 전체적으로 대역폭이 증가함에 따라 결정 계수가 더 높아졌으나 대역폭 1.0을 제외한 모든 대역폭에서는 편향된 결과로 일부 데이터가 모델에 크게 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 비선형분석을 통해 모든 데이터가 평이하게 반영된 모델인 대역폭 1.0이 본 연구 목적에 적합한 것으로 분석되었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.126-130
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• 2000

To enhance the antitumor activity of Chinese cabbage kimchi, four kinds of kimchi, which ere differently prepared in kinds and levels of sub-ingredients, were fermented at 15$^{\circ}C$ for 1 day and then at 5$^{\circ}C$ up to pH 4.3. The solid tumor formation, hepatic glutathione S-transferase activity and glutathione contents in the liver, and natural killer (NK) cell activity of spleen were determined from the sarcoma-180 cell injected Balb/c mice that were treated with methanol extracts of the kimchi samples. Kimchi IV, prepared with organically cultivated Chinese cabbage, red pepper powder, garlic, Chinese pepper powder mustard leaf and heat processed salt (Gueun salt), reduced the tumor formation by 39.3% compared to the sarcoma-180 cell treated group, resulting in the smallest tumor weight. Methanol extracts of the kimchi III and kimchi IV recovered the activities of hepatic glutathione S-transferase(GST) that was decreased by the transplantation of the sarcoma-180 cells to th mice. The injections of methanol extracts of kimchi II and kimchi IV increased glutathione contents in sarcoma-180 cells treated mice. The methanol extract of kimchi IV increased the natural killer (NK) cell activity of spleen lymphocytes a more effectively (p<0.05) than those the other kimchi samples. These results suggest that the anticancer activities of kimchi can be increased by changing the kinds and levels of sub-ingredients.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 1994

식품의 가공 저장 및 조리 중에 일어나는 식품성분간의 반응 중 대표적인 반응으로 알려져 있는 Maillard 반응생성물의 돌연변이원성에 대한 그 억제 기구를 밝히기 위하여 glucose-arginine계 및 glucose-lysine${\cdot}$HCl계 Maillard 반응 생성물에 일상 생활에서 많이 섭취하고 있는 해조류 및 야채류의 수용성 추출물을 첨가하여 그 억제효과를 조사하였고, 아울러 이들 수용성추출물의 가열($100^{\circ}C$, 10분)에 따른 억제효과의 영향에 대해 조사 검토하였다. 그 결과, 실험에 사용한 해조류 및 야채류 수용성 추출물 전부가 돌연변이원성 억제효과를 나타내었고, 특히 양배추, 파, 산초, 및 청각에 있어서 억제효과가 높게 나타났다. 가열한 경우, 야채류의 돌연변이원성 억제효과는 감소하였으나 해조류는 크게 영향을 받지 않았다. 이 결과로 미루어 보아 당-아미노산계 Maillard 반응생성물의 돌연변이원성 억제에 해조류 및 야채류 추출물에 존재하는 환원성 물질, 고분자 물질 catalase 및 peroxidase와 같은 효소 등이 일조를 하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.308-315
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• 2020

To obtain a value-added product from the non-toxic brown-backed toadfish Lagocephalus gloveri (pufferfish), we developed a retort pouched pufferfish soup (RPS) and characterized its processing conditions and quality metrics. We found that the most appropriate manufacturing process for the RPS consisted of detoxifying and cold-water dipping the pufferfish flesh, blanching it, and adding it to the retort pouch along with other ingredients (hot-water extract of pufferfish head and carcass, radish, bean sprouts, and garlic), after which the pouch was sealed, sterilized (120℃, F₀ value 7.5-10 min.), cooled, and inspected. The moisture, crude protein, and total volatile basic nitrogen contents of the RPS were 97.2%, 1.3% and 7.7 mg/100 g, respectively. The total free amino acid content was 903.2 mg/100 g, and the main free amino acids were glutamic acid, taurine, lysine, glycine, threonine, alanine, arginine, proline, and hydroxyproline. Sterilizing the RPS for up to F₀ value 10 min. did not cause any major problems in terms of chemical or sensory qualities. This RPS has good storage stability and organoleptic qualities compared with similar commercial pufferfish soups and is suitable for commercialization as a value-added instant seafood soup.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2001

Methanol extracts form four kinds of kimchi, which were differently prepared in kinds and levels of sub-ingredients, were given to Balb/c mice for 3 weeks (0.5 mg/kg/day). Peritoneal macrophages isolated from mice treated with kimchi extracts and saline were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). K3 and K4 kimchis, containing more red pepper powder, garlic, Chinese pepper powder, mustard leaf and organically cultivated Korean cabbage, significantly increased NO production by the activated macrophages (p<0.05). K1, K2, K3 and K4 kimchi extracts (0.01, 0.1, 1.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$) significantly reduced the increased TGF-$\beta$1 production of H.pylori lysate (0.01 $\mu\textrm{g}$)-activated human epithelial RPMI 2650 cells (5$\times$10$^{4}$ cells/mL) at 24 and 48 hrs of treatment (p<0.01). However, the decreased TGF-$\beta$1 $\alpha$ production of RPMI 2650 cells by H. pylori lysate increased by treatment with kimchi extract for 72 hrs. Especially, K4 kimchi (containing organically cultivated Korean cabbage and more ingredients, modulated TGF-$\beta$1 production of H. pylori lysate-activated RPMI 2650 cells to the normal level (control) by treatment for 48 hrs. The treatment of K1 and K4 kimchi enhanced the LPS (0.01 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL)-induced IL-6 production of splenocytes. The results suggest that kimchi might have an beneficial effect on cancer prevention due in part to the function enhancing NO production of activated macrophages. Our data suggest that kimchi could modulate TGF-$\beta$1 production by cancer cells and IL-6 production of splenocytes, thereby possibly contributing to control carcinogenesis and the immune system.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.5-18
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• 2014

This study examines the changes in the physicochemical property and antioxidant activity of six types of vegetables (carrots, crown daisy, mugwort, cabbages, onions, and garlic) based on heat-treated cooking. According to the results, proximate contents (crude protein, fat, and ash) were lower in blanched samples than in untreated samples. Untreated cabbages showed the highest level of total dietary fiber content, which decreased by blanching and increased by high-temperature/high-pressure (HTHP) treatment. Noteworthy is that, in the case of soluble dietary fiber, blanched crown daisy and mugwort showed significantly high levels of 12.0 g and 7.3 g per 100 g(dry basis). There was no significant change in tocopherol content in heat-treated samples. The highest levels of total polyphenol and flavonoid content were 6.73 g and 5.51 g per 100 g, respectively, in the mugwort sample with HTHP treatment at $130^{\circ}C$ for 2 h. The water extract of mugwort with HTHP treatment had the strongest antioxidant effect based on three bioassays (SOD, DPPH, and ABTS). These results indicate the relative correlation between the level of physiologically active content and antioxidant activity and suggest new insights into ingredients for developing functional foods.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2012

Molds cause severe cheese deterioration, even though some white and blue molds are used for the manufacture of Camembert and Blue cheese, respectively. The species of Geotrichum, Moniliella, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Fusarium, Phoma, and Cladosporium are the main fungi that affect contamination during cheese ripening. Once deteriorated by fungal spoilage, cheese becomes toxic and inedible. Fungal deterioration of cheese decreases the nutritional value, flavor profiles, physicochemical and organoleptic properties, and increases toxicity and infectious disease. Fungal contamination during cheese ripening is highly damaging to cheese production in Korean farmstead milk processing companies. Therefore, these companies hesitate to develop natural and ripened cheese varieties. This article discusses the recent and ongoing developments in the removal techniques of fungal contamination during cheese ripening. There are 2 categories of antifungal agents: chemical and natural. Major chemical agents are preservatives (propionic acid, sodium propionate, and calcium propionate) and ethanol. Among the natural agents, grapefruit seed extract, phytoncide, essential oils, and garlic have been investigated as natural antifungal agents. Additionally, some studies have shown that antibiotics such as natamycin and Delvocid$^{(R)}$, have antifungal activities for cheese contaminated with fungi. Microbial resources such as probiotic lactic acid bacteria, Propionibacterium, lactic acid bacteria from Kimchi, and bacteriocin are well known as antifungal agents. In addition, ozonization treatment has been reported to inhibit the growth activity of cheese-contaminating fungi.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.736-741
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• 2000

체내에서 멜라닌 생합성을 촉매하는 tyrosinase에 대한 천연의 지용성 저해제 발굴을 위하여, isooctane/AOT(100 mM)/인산완충용액(20 mM, pH 8.0)으로 구성되고 tyrosinase(105.3 units/mL)와 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-alanine(0.18 mM)을 함유한 역미셀계에서 식물체 75종의 petroleum ether 추출물이 tyrosinase 반응을 억제하는 효과를 분석하였다. 조사대상 식물체중에서 마늘이 in vitro 멜라닌 합성 반응을 완전히 저해하였고(100%), 모과, 고구마, 양파, 무순, 사과의 저해활성이 60% 이상이었다. 한약재와 향신료 중에서는 로즈마리, 고수, 계피, 산사자, 측백엽, 오매, 두충, 박하, 정향이 60% 이상의 저해능을 보였다. 그리고 각 식물체의 tyrosinase 저해효과와 더불어 추출수율을 함께 고려했을 때, 단위 원재료로부터 tyrosianse 저해제 생산을 많이 할 수 있는 소재를 선정할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 역미셀계를 이용함으로서 기존에는 분석이 어려웠던 지용성 물질의 tyrosinase 저해효과를 측정할 수 있었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.772-778
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• 2016

To develop a value-added product from individually quick-frozen oysters Crassostrea gigas (IQFO), we prepared a retort pouched oyster soup (RPOS) from IQFOs and characterized its processing conditions and quality metrics. We found that the most appropriate manufacturing process for the RPOS consisted of half-thawing and washing raw IQF oysters, blanching, adding them to the retort pouch along with other ingredients (base soup stock, IQF oyster extract, radish, bean sprouts, garlic, and red pepper), sealing, retort sterilization ($120^{\circ}$, F0-value 10 min.), cooling, and packaging inspection. The moisture, crude protein, pH and salinity of the RPOS were 91.0%, 2.8%, 6.20 and 0.9%, respectively. The total amino acid content of the RPOS was 2,163.8 mg/100 g, and the main amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, proline, lysine and arginine. The primary inorganic ions were Na, K, S and Zn. In taste compounds, total free amino acid content was 313.4 mg/100 g, and the main free amino acids were glutamic acid, taurine, proline, hydroxyproline, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine, valine, lysine and arginine. This RPOS has good storage stability and organoleptic qualities compared with commercial retort pouched shellfish soup, and is suitable for commercialization as a value-added instant seafood soup.