• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.595-604
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• 2014

SILER (Seismic-Initiated event risk mitigation in LEad-cooled Reactors) is a Collaborative Project, partially funded by the European Commission in the $7^{th}$ Framework Programme, aimed at studying the risk associated to seismic-initiated events in Generation IV Heavy Liquid Metal reactors, and developing adequate protection measures. The project started in October 2011, and will run for a duration of three years. The attention of SILER is focused on the evaluation of the effects of earthquakes, with particular regards to beyond-design seismic events, and to the identification of mitigation strategies, acting both on structures and components design. Special efforts are devoted to the development of seismic isolation devices and related interface components. Two reference designs, at the state of development available at the beginning of the project and coming from the $6^{th}$ Framework Programme, have been considered: ELSY (European Lead Fast Reactor) for the Lead Fast Reactors (LFR), and MYRRHA (Multi-purpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications) for the Accelerator-Driven Systems (ADS). This paper describes the main activities and results obtained so far, paying particular attention to the development of seismic isolators, and the interface components which must be installed between the isolated reactor building and the non-isolated parts of the plant, such as the pipe expansion joints and the joint-cover of the seismic gap.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.339-352
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• 2021

This study aims to explore the relationship between entrepreneurial role models (ERM) and entrepreneurship education (EE) on individual entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and its consequences for entrepreneurial intention (EI). Data is obtained through a survey method on 255 management and business university students who had completed the entrepreneurship education program. To evaluate the research model, the data is processed using PLS-SEM. The results of this study indicate that the existence of entrepreneurial role models and entrepreneurial education programs for students affects the components of individual entrepreneurial orientation, namely individual innovativeness, individual proactiveness, and individual risk-taker. However, ERMs do not have a direct effect on EI. The main finding of this research appears on the influence of individual EO on EI, which indicates that only individual innovativeness impacts entrepreneurial intention. Meanwhile, personal proactiveness and risk-takers are proven to have no impact on EI. This study succeeded in filling the research gap, namely, examining the influence of ERMs on each of the components forming an individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) and its EI. This research model also provides a comprehensive research model on the influence of pre-entrepreneurial exposure on IEO and its consequences on EI.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2021년도 학술발표회
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• pp.139-139
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• 2021

Flooding events often result from extreme precipitations driven by various climate mechanisms, which are often disregarded in flood risk assessments. To bridge this gap, we propose a climate-mechanism-based flood frequency analysis that accommodates the direct linkage between the dominant climate processes and risk management decisions. Several statistical methods have been utilized in this approach including the Markov Chain analysis, K-nearest neighbor (KNN) resampling approach, and Z-score-based jittering method. After that, the impacts of climate change are associated with the modification of the transition matrix (TM) and the application of the quantile mapping approach. For this study, we have selected the Nam River Basin, South Korea, to consider the heterogeneous impacts of the two climate mechanisms, including the Tropical Cyclone (TC) and non-TCs. Based on our results, while both climate mechanisms have significant impacts on future flood extremes, TCs have been observed to bring more significant and immediate impacts on the flood extremes. The results in this study have proven that the proposed approach can lead to a new insights into future flooding management.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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• pp.160-160
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• 2022

Floods are the most common natural disasters and are annually causing severe destructions worldwide. Human activities, along with expected increased extreme precipitation patterns as a result of climate change enhance the future potential of floods. There are proven evidence that infrastructure based responses to flood disaster is no longer achieving optimum mitigation and have created a false sense of security. Nature-based solutions(NBS) is a widely accepted sustainable and efficient approach for disaster risk reduction and involves the protection, restoration, or management of natural and semi-natural ecosystems to tackle the climate and natural crisis. Adoption of NBS in decision-making, especially in developing nations is limited due to a lack of sufficient scenario-based studies, research, and technical knowledge. This study explores the knowledge gap and challenges on NBS adoption with case study of developing nation, specially for flood management, by the study of multiple scenario analysis in the context of climate, land-use change, and policies. Identification and quantification of the strength of natural ecosystems for flood resilience and water management can help to prioritize NBS in policymaking leading to sustainable measures for integrated flood management.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.477-480
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• 2015

Construction projects are high-risk activities. When undertaking such projects in an international setting, it can be complicated by foreign exchange (FOREX) fluctuation risk. This affects the construction business performance in various ways, namely its progress due to delays, which in turn create further problems, specifically cost overruns as a result of price increase in raw materials, disputes, arbitration, litigation and even, total abandonment. Thus, the effective management of FOREX fluctuations is crucial. Previous studies have focused on the need for contract safeguards, adequate insurance, careful planning and management, as well as foreign exchange futures hedging to address some of the risks triggered by FOREX fluctuations. An analysis of FOREX fluctuations in the international construction industry revealed that more often it was focused on project-specific issues. Currently, there is a relative lack of awareness on Organizational Capabilities (OC), the abilities that owned by the organization, which is essential in managing the impact of FOREX fluctuations. Where research has focused on OC, these are viewed in isolation. Therefore, this study attempts to close the gap by proposing a framework on managing the impact of FOREX fluctuations in the international construction industry, employing the OC perspective.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 4th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Organized by the University of New South Wales
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• pp.474-479
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• 2011

With Beijing's success in bidding for the 2008 Olympic Games, the increasing demand for infrastructure development and reduced public sector funding capacity has created a significant funding gap which calls for alternative project delivery methods such as Public-Private Partnership (PPP). Although the exploration of infrastructure projects using PPP model have been practiced since the late 80s, the $560 million National Stadium which served as the main venue for the Olympic Games is the first stadium project in China to be delivered under PPP operation. The project is generally considered successful despite the concession transfer in 2009 with concern of better serving the public interest. Compared to other infrastructure projects such as transportation, waste management and water management, the development of major sports facilities for mega-sports events with PPP has its own unique features and is subject to different major risks. This research identifies and analyzes critical risks in the implementation of PPP in major sports facility development through case study of the National Stadium project. A questionnaire survey and several interviews are conducted to solicit expert opinions from experienced practitioners. The purpose is to provide additional insights in risk management strategies and opportunities in China's PPP implementations in major sports facilities for policy makers and private sectors involved with investment decisions in future similar infrastructure development.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.109-121
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• 2005

A chemical ranking and scoring (CRS-Korea) system was developed and proposed to use as the first step to prioritize the toxic chemicals for the purpose of monitoring and detailed risk assessment that might follow as necessary. The CRS-Korea system takes a basic concept of risk assessment (both human health risk and ecological risk) in that risk score is determined by the product of toxicity score and exposure score. Included in the toxicity category are acute toxicity, chronic/sub -chronic toxicity, carcinogenicity, and other toxicity. The exposure category consists of quantity released to the environment, bioconcentration, and persistence. A consistent scheme and a comprehensive chemical data base are offered in the CRS-Korea system to calculate a score for the each component in the two categories by using specific physicochemical, fate, and toxic properties and the quantity of the chemical used. The toxicity score is obtained by adding up all the individual scores for the components in the toxicity category. The exposure score is determined by multiplication of the score of the quantity released with the sum of persistent score and bioconcentration score. Equal weight is given to the toxicity score and the exposure score. As the CRS-Korea system was applied to identify 50 national priority chemicals, it was found that significant data gap exists on toxicity and fate properties and that the uncertainty associated with estimating the quantify released to the environment is notably high. The proposed CRS system is only a screening tool in the first step toward the priority setting and should be used with expert judgement and other considerations necessary.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2009

우리나라 기존철도 교량의 40% 이상이 무도상 강판형교로 구성되어 있으며, 이들 중 대부분은 1970년대 이전에 건설되었기에 일반적으로 지진하중의 고려 없이 설계되었다. 이들 무도상 강판형 철도교의 내진성능을 향상시키기 위해서는 내진성능이 부족한 요소들에 대하여 여러가지 방법의 내진보강을 수행할 수 있는데, 내진보강의 적정수위를 정하기 위해서는 이에 대한 지진위험도 평가가 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 확률적 지진 위험도 해석과 확률적 손상해석을 통해서 무도상 강판형교에 대한 지진위험도 평가를 수행하였다. 먼저 받침 및 교각을 교량의 지진 응답에 주 영향을 미치는 주요 요소로 정의하고 각 요소 별로 지진취약도를 작성하였다. 그 후 작성된 취약도를 지진재해도함수와 결합하여 각 손상상태에 해당하는 연간 손상확률을 산정하였다. 지진 위험도 해석을 통하여 50년 초과손상확률을 계산한 결과, 무근콘크리트로 되어 있는 무도상 강판형 철도교의 교각은 우리나라의 지진상황에서 위험도가 매우 낮게 나타났다. 이는 무도상 강판형교의 특성 상 가벼운 상부구조로 인하여 지진 시 하부구조에 전달되는 횡하중이 상대적으로 적기 때문인 것으로 분석된다. 반면에 선받침으로 구성된 무도상 강판형교의 받침요소들의 50년 초과 손상확률은 상대적으로 크게 나타났는데, 그 중 자유단 받침의 경우 slight damage에 대한 초과손상확률이 12.78%로 고정단 받침의 4.23%보다 높게 나타난 반면 complete damage에 대해서는 자유단 받침과 고정단 받침 모두 비슷한 수준의 초과손상확률($0.18%{\sim}0.19%$)을 보였다. 본 연구에서 수행한 지진 위험도 평가는 추후 강판형 철도교의 내진보강을 수행함에 있어서 의사결정을 뒷받침할 수 있는 자료로 효과적으로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

A set of exposure factors that reflects the characteristics of individual behavior capable of influencing exposure is essential for risk and exposure assessment. In 2007, the Korean Exposure Factors Handbook was, therefore, issued, driven by the need to develop reliable exposure factors representing the Korean population. The purpose of this study was to overview the development process of the Korean Exposure Factors Handbook and major recommended exposure values for the Korean population to allow information exchanges and comparison of recommended values among nations. The researchers reviewed the domestic data that could be used in the development of exposure factors, confirmed a knowledge gap, and set a priority of development by phases. A methodology to measure exposure factors was established to develop measuring techniques and test their validity. Data were processed or a survey was conducted according to the availability of data. The study thus produced recommended values for 24 exposure factors grouped by general exposure factors, food ingestion factors, and activity factors by setting up a database of exposure factors and carrying out statistical analysis. The study has significantly contributed to reducing the potential uncertainty of the risk and exposure assessment derived by the application of foreign data or research findings lacking representativeness or grounds by developing a set of exposure factors reflecting the characteristics of the Korean people. It will be necessary to conduct revisions in light of the changing statistical values of national data and the exposure factors based on Korean characteristics.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2002

전회의 논문(Choi et al)에 이어 본 논문에서는 동해에서의 가상해저지진에 의한 지진해일의 예단적 특성을 동해에 연한 전해안에 걸쳐 논하였는데 재해를 유발시킬 수 있는 지진해일의 근원역은 공백역이론으로부터 선택되었다. 선형장파이론에 근거한 수치모형을 채택하여 28개의 선정된 자세한 단층 파라미터를 갖는 가상지진(4경우 실제지진 포함)과 단순화시킨 형태의 초기 수면형에 의한 76개 사상의 지진해일 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 전파 및 해안에서의 지진해일의 파고를 산정하는 데 적용 되었다. 결과로서 동해에 연한 전해안 전역에 전파되는 지진해일의 특성과 해안역에서의 지진해일의 파고 분포가 산정되어 지진해일 재해위험도가 상대적으로 낮은 지리적 위치를 구획화하여 제시함으로써 해안재해경감대책의 도구로서 활용될 수 있게 하였다.