• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 1988

Interspecific fusion products were obtained from fusion of Ganoderma applanatum and Ganoderma luridum. Frequency of fusion was 0.77-1.38%. Fusion products were selected by the comparision of morphology and color of colony. Fusion Products had chracteristics of two parental strains and generally grew faster than the parents. Some fusants were segregated on GCM. Fusion products were confirmed by mycelial morphology and electrophoretics pattern of esterase isozyme from mycelium. Most of fusion products were lack in clamp connection but those fusion products, that were segregated produced mycelium with and without clamp connection. Some of the fusion products produced fruit body on sawdust medium.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 1988

In order to elucidate the systematic taxonomy and genetic characters of Canoderma lucidum, cultural characteristics of the fungus were investigated. Mycelial growth of Ganoderma lucidum were favorable on oat meal agar medium, and optimum temperature and pH of the medium for mycelial growth were $30^{\circ}C$ and 5.5-6.0 respectively. Irradiation of white fluorescent lamp inhibited mycelial growth and critical time for inhibition of mycelial growth was 4-8 hours. Concentric zones and mycelial strands of Ganoderma lucidum was induced by irradiation of white fluorescent lamp and formation of mycelial sectors was influenced by nutrient source of media and irradiation of white fluorescent lamp. These characters were different among the isolates, but no relationship was observed between these characters and the fruiting body type of the fungus. Basidiospores were formed directly from the mycelium cultured on artificial media without producing fruit body.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 1986

Some factors affecting the protoplast release from mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum and regeneration of the protoplast were investigated and the results obtained are summarized as follows; Novozym 234 as a lytic enzyme was the most effective for the protoplast release from mycelia of Ganoderma lucidu m and its optimal concentration was 10mg per ml of osmotic stabilizer. The highest number of protoplasts were released after 3 hours incubation in the reciprocal shaking bath at 120 oscillations a minute. Among six osmotic stabilizers tested, 0.6M sucrose showed the best result. SCM medium showed good mycelial growth and high yields of protoplasts. The protoplasts released from the mycelium of G. lucidum were regenerated at 0.20 to 0.27 percent on MCM, MMM and SCM. Of the cultures obtained from protoplasts regenerated, 13 to 29 percent were monokaryon.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.721-727
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• 2014

Mushroom-derived ${\beta}$-glucan, a polysaccharide (GLP) isolated from the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum, was previously shown to have inhibitory effects against tumor-bearing mice in vivo. We investigated the apoptotic effect of mushroom-derived ${\beta}$-glucan in a sarcoma-180 tumor cell- bearing mice model using an ELISA to determine the levels of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) in the mice. The morphology of the tumor cells was assessed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). GLP was injected into the tumor-bearing mice at a dose (i.p.) of 20 mg/kg for 10 days. After 30 days, the tumor mass from the inguinal region was collected, weighed, and assayed using TEM and a TNF-${\alpha}$ ELISA kit. The tumors that developed in the mice treated with GLP were 71.4% smaller than those in the control group, showing the ability of GLP to inhibit tumor growth. The levels of TNF-${\alpha}$ in the serum of the sarcoma-180 bearing mice were 12 times greater than in the serum of the nonbearing tumor mice. An ultrastructural study demonstrated that the GLP-treated sarcoma-180 tumor cells were condensed, with rearranged chromatin. In addition, the marginated chromatin in nucleus induced the nuclear compartment, and there were many vacuolization in the cell. GLP could be an effective apoptosis-inducing compound in sarcoma-type cancers.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 2002

The grains were used as solid-substrate for the cultivation of basidiomycetes. The grains were fermented with Ganodema lucidum 7094, Fomitella fraxinea 81003, Phellinus igniarius 26005, and its free sugar composition was investigated. For the mass cultivation of mycelia, the hydrated grains with cold water were put into the plastic bottle. The mycelial growth rate in the bottled grains was high in the early stage with inoculation of homogenized mycelium. The activity of mycelium was maintained by adding sterilized water in the middle of cultivation. There was marked difference in the content of total free sugar and composition ratio of free sugar according to kinds of basidiomycetes. The content of free sugar increased far more in grains fermented with mycelium than in grains which was not fermented.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.24 no.1 s.76
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• pp.81-88
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• 1996

Cereals were used as solid-substrate for the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum. The hydration time with cold water appeared to be 10, 11 and 12 hours for Malt, Danyeob and Black soybeans respectively, and the water content was enough for mycelial growth in this condition. The hydration times required for sorghum, job's tears, barley, brown rice and wheat were 2.5, 4, 5, 10 and 12 hours respectively, but the final water content was much less than optimum water content (65%). Hot water reduced the hydration time of soybeans, and the water content reached to 65% within $120{\sim}150$mins. This condition showed the optimum for the mycelial growth. For the other cereals, it took about $17{\sim}120$ mins to reach the optimum water content (65%). From this result, hot water was better than cold water for the hydration of cereals. We attempted to develop a practically applicable process by combining the soaking and sterilization. This process was successful with soybean and about 1.1 times of water based on the weight of soybean appeared to be suitable. In all varieties of cereal, the water content of 65% appeared to be the best for the growth of the fungi and production of glucosamine related to the amount of mycelium. The mycelial growth rate in accordance with kinds of solid-state materials was in the order of barley > wheat > job's tears > sorghum > brown rice > soybean. The glucosamine content for determing the mycelial growth in solid material was in the order of wheat> barley > brown rice > job's tears > sorghum > soybean.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.4 s.91
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• pp.304-311
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• 1999

Batch kinetics during the exo-polysaccharide (EPS) fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum was investigated as a function of different substrates (glucose and starch), substrate concentration $(1{\sim}7%,\;w/v)$ and subculture (3 times). Logistic model for mycelial growth fitted the experimental data better than Monod and two thirds power model. The Luedeking-Pirt equation was adequate to fit the kinetic data of product formation and substrate consumption. The EPS production was strongly non-growth associated, although it was mixed type. The product formation and sustrate consumption by growth associated mechanism decreased as the concentration of glucose increased, while those of the non-growth associated mechanism increased. However, starch medium increased the growth associated and non-growth associated substrate consumption indicating higher availability of substrate. Also, batch culture in starch medium showed the higher specific growth rate and stability during subculture than those in glucose medium. In conclusion, the enhanced EPS production and stability in the subculture was found to be remarkably improved by use of starch as sole carbon source in medium. The maximum mycelium dry weight and EPS production of 9.463 and 10.410 g/l, respectively, were obtained after shake culture of 7 days at $30^{\circ}C$ from the media containing 7% starch.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.225-233
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• 2021

In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of extract from Cudrania tricuspidata twig sawdust fermented with Ganoderma lucidum mycelium. Fermented Cudrania tricuspidata twig sawdust extracted with 70% ethanol and elucidated the potential signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. Fermented Cudrania tricuspidata twig sawdust inhibits LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production without affecting cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and production of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and prostaglandin2 (PGE₂). Fermented Cudrania tricuspidata twig sawdust also suppressed the expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, Fermented Cudrania tricuspidata twig sawdust significantly attenuated LPS-induced IkappaB (IκB) degradation and suppressed nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) nuclear translocation. These results suggest that fermented Cudrania tricuspidata twig sawdust may have great potential for the development of anti-inflammatory agent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.1346-1352
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activities of the cultured ginseng with mushroom mycelia (Phellinus linteus (PL), Ganoderma lucidum (GL), and Hericium erinaceum (HE)) during cultivation periods of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 days. The lyophilized powder from the cultured ginseng with mycelia was extracted with 80% ethanol, and then evaluated for antioxidant activities. Total phenolic contents ranged from 149.63 to 205.91 mg/g, and the highest value was 80% EtOH extract from the cultured ginseng with GL at 30 days. The highest antioxidant activity ($IC_{50}$) for DPPH was 1.16 mg/mL in the cultured ginseng with HE at 40 days, and total antioxidant activity for ABTS was the highest value of 4.03 mg AA eq/g in PL cultivation at 30 days. $\alpha$-Glucosidase inhibitory activity was the highest value of 92.51% in EtOH extract from the cultured ginseng with PL at 50 days, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was highest value of 13.21% in GL cultivation at 40 days. These results suggest that mushroom mycelium cultivation period for enhancement of antioxidant activity might be 40 days.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.502-513
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• 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammation effects of extract from Maclura tricuspidata twig fermented with Ganoderma lucidum mycelium (EMFG) in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with 100, 200, 300 ㎍/mL of EMFG. The result showed that EMFG dose-dependently inhibited the accumulation of intracellular lipid content in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and enhanced increase of adiponectin release and inhibition of leptin release. EMFG treatment reduced expression of adipogenic transcriptional factor such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα). EMFG also decreased production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokine [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)] and the protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible NOS (iNOS) in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The study demonstrated that EMFG inhibited adipogenesis and inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that EMFG may have potential as an anti-obesity and anti-metabolic disease agent that works by inhibiting adipogenesis and inflammation.