• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.47-53
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• 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Ganoderma lucidum herba pharmacopuncture(GHP) on the adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Methods: 3T3- L1 preadipocytes were differentiated with adipogenic reagents by incubating for 2 days in the absence or presence of GHP ranging from 1 and 2%. The effect of GHP on cell proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was investigated using MTT assay. The effect of GHP on adipogenesis was examined by Oil red O staining and measuring glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and intracellular triglyceride (TG) content. Results: Following results were obtained from the preadipocyte proliferation and adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1. We observed no effect of GHP on preadipocyte proliferation. GHP inhibited adipogenesis, the activity of GPDH and accumulation of intracellular TG content. Conclusions: These results suggest that GHP inhibit differentiation of preadipocyte.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.303-311
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• 2009

A scaling up study for the exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by submerged culture of Ganoderma lucidum was carried out in jar fermenter systems (2.6, 20 and 75 L) under bi-staged pH process. Profiles of dissolved oxygen (DO) and volumetric coefficient of oxygen transfer ($k_La$) as a function of operating variables (agitation speed and aeration rate) was investigated, and a correlation between $k_La$ and operating variables was analysed statistically. Under bi-staged pH process, no limitation of DO was observed at agitation speeds tested in the range of 200 and 600 rpm, and the highest EPS production was obtained at the level of DO of $40{\sim}80%$. From the regression analysis, the relation between $k_La$, gas velocity (Vs), stirrer speed (N) and impeller diameter (Di) could be expressed as : $$k_La=0.555{\times}Vs^{0.42}{\times}(N^3{\times}Di^2)^{0.33}\;(R^2=0.925,\;p<0.05)$$ It was found that under 2.6 L jar fermenter, the optimum agitation speed and aeration rate was 400 rpm and 1 vvm, respectively, obtaining the EPS production of 15.43 g/L. Under the submerged cultivation of G. lucidum in jar fermenters of $2.6{\sim}75\;L$, the similar EPS yields at each fermenter were achieved during scaling up based on $k_La$, and $k_La$ value for maximum EPS production was $85.4{\pm}26.70\;h^{-1}$.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2009

Mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus, Phellinus linteus, Ganoderma lucidum and Lentinus edodes were cultured in the selected cereals to generate functionally active cereals. The optimum water contents for the mycelial growth were 50%(wt/wt) for brown rice, barley and soybean and 75% for wheat and corn, respectively. P. ostreatus grew well in the most cereals while the mycelial growth of P. linteus, G. lucidum and L. edodes in soybean were siginificantly retarded. The contents of β-glucan and glucosamine in the mycelial cereals were determined. Wheat cultured with mushroom mycelia showed high ß-glucan content. Especially, wheat with G. lucidum contained the highest value of 26.16%. Soybean cultured with G. lucidum showed two-fold increase in glucosamine content with 9.63% of total mass while wheat showed 7.91%. Overall, wheat cultured with G. lucidum was the best functional cereal in terms of β-glucan and glucosamine contents.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2001

The mycelial morphology during submerged cultivation of Ganoderma ludium using by air-lift fermenter system were analyzed by image processing system and the characterization of mycelial morphology were investigated. In submerged culture using medium with different ammonium phosphate concentrations, the various morphological forms of G. lucidum mycelium were observed. The filamentous forms such as non-branched long filamentous mycelium, non-branched short mycelium, branched long filamentous mycelium, branched short mycelium, entangled mycelium and clump were observed, and also, and also, the pelleted forms such as smooth pellet, rough pellet and hollow rough pellet were observed. The mycelial morphology was changed from the filamentous to the pelleted forms by addition of ammonium phosphate. The fractal dimensions of pelleted and filamentous forms were 1.05 and 1.3, respectively, while the fractal dimension of mixtures of pelleted and filamentous forms was 1.16. Therefore, the fractal dimension was found to be more effective index for the detection of the mycelial morphology and morphological change during batch cultivation. The circularity was also found to be useful for evaluating the surface growth of pelleted mycelium.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.49-56
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• 1992

Seven white rot fungi (Irpex lactenis, Coriolus hirsutus, Lopharia mirabilis, Schizopora paradoxa, Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pycnoporus coccineus) native to Korea and two famous exotic lignin degradable white rot fungi (Coriolus versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium) were investigated to clarify their physiological and physicochemical characteristics on white-rotted wood blocks. G. lucidum degraded wood blocks more seriously than those by exotic lignin-degrading fungi, C. versicolor and P. chrysosporium, but only slightly decreasecl the strength of wood which was compared to the weight loss, persumably on the account of its small use of cellulose when attacking wood. It is quite interesting to note that the holocellulose degradation rate of G. lucidum was also higher than any of the other tested fungi. The order of fungi, according to the lignin-decomposing rates, was G. lucidum>P. coccineus>C. versicolor>S. paradoxa>P. chrysosporium>L. mirabilis>P. ostreatus>C. hirsutus>I. lactenis. The lignin degradation of G. lucidum and P. coccineus which were collected in Korea was greater than that of C. versicolor and P. chrysosporium. If holocellulose degradation is not considered. G. lcidum has the merit of actual application in biomass conversion due to linin removal.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.307-313
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• 2001

The effects of agitaion and aeration on mycelial growth, exo-polysaccharide (EPS) production, and substrate consumption upon the submerged cultivation of G. lucidum were investigated, and the batch kinetics of the EPS fermentation of G. lucidum were interpreted as function of agitation speed and aeration rate. In a 2.6 L jar fermenter system, the optimum agitation speed and aeration rate for EPS production were determined to be 400 rpm and 1.0 vvm, respectively. The maximum production of EPS obtained was 15 g/L. The logistic model for mycelial growth fitted the experimental data better than that determined by the Monod and the two-thirds power models. The Luedeking-Piret equation adequately modelled the kinetic data obtained for product and substrate.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.38-41
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• 1987

Neohaplonts were obtained to improve mushroom strain from dikaryon strains of Flammulina Velutips, Ganoderma lucidum, Lyophyllum ulmarium, Pleurotus cornucopiae and Pleurotus spodoleucus by protoplast reversion. The noehaplont frequency from reversion colonies of protoplasts was 4.47-47.7%. Four more types of morphological characteristics were detected from neohaplonts of protoplast reversion in L. ulmarium, P. cornucopiae and P. spodoleucus, but one or two types were neohaplonts in F.velutipes and G. lucidum. Growth rate of neohaplonts was slow compared with dikaryon strains.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.381-384
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• 2002

Response surface methodology (RSM) was successfully applied to optimize for the production of Ganoderma lucidum in batch fermentations using the whey (40,000 mg latose/L) as substrate. This study was performed according to the central composite design (CCD) with respect to pH and temperature, where the designed intervals were 3.3$22.9^{\circ}C$$37.1^{\circ}C$, respectively. A second-order factorial design of the experiments was used to build empirical models providing a quantitative interpretation of the relationships between the two variables. The optimum conditions to maximize the production of G. lucidum were pH 4.2 and $28.3^{\circ}C$. At optimum conditions, the mycelial dry weight (MDW) and residual soluble COD (SCOD) were simultaneously used to evaluate the biokinetic coefficients assocoated with substrate inhibition model by nonlinear least squares method with 95% confidence interval. The. maximum microbial growth rates (${\mu}m$), half saturation coefficient ($K_s$), and the inhibition substrate concentration ($K_{is}$) were determined to be 0.095 l/hr, 128,000 mg SCOD/L and 49,000 mg SCOD/L, respectively. And the microbial yield coefficient (Y), biomass decay rate coefficient ($K_d$), and the maintenance energy coefficient ($m_s$) were determined to be 0.37 mg MDW/mg SCOD, 0.001 1/hr, and 0.0015 1/hr, respectively.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.108.1-108.1
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• 2000

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.3981-3986
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• 2014

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) extracted from Ganoderma lucidum have been shown to induce cell death in some kinds of cancer cells. This study investigated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effect of GLP on HCT-116 human colon cancer cells and the molecular mechanisms involved. Cell proliferation, cell migration, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and intracellular free calcium levels ($[Ca^{2+}]i$) were determined by MTT, wound-healing, LDH release and fluorescence assays, respectively. Cell apoptosis was observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. For the mechanism studies, caspase-8 activation, and Fas and caspase-3 expression were evaluated. Treatment of HCT-116 cells with various concentrations of GLP (0.625-5 mg/mL) resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability (P< 0.01). This study showed that the antitumor activity of GLP was related to cell migration inhibition, cell morphology changes, intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ elevation and LDH release. Also, increase in the levels of caspase-8 activity was involved in GLP-induced apoptosis. Western blotting indicated that Fas and caspase-3 protein expression was up-regulated after exposure to GLP. This investigation demonstrated for the first time that GLP shows prominent anticancer activities against the HCT-116 human colon cancer cell line through triggering intracellular calcium release and the death receptor pathway.