• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.54-62
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• 2005

The antioxidative effect, antimutagenic capacity and inhibitory effect of cancer cell proliferation in ethanol extracts of Ganoderma lucidum were studied for suggestion of prevention and dietetic treatment of chronic diseases and development of antioxidative, antimutagenic and anticancer functional food by employing biological and biochemical assay. The IC/sub 50/ of MDA with BSA conjugation reaction, lipid peroxidation and scavenging effect on DPPH radical in ethanol extracts of Ganoderma lucidum showed 1026.21 mg/mL, 0.152 mg/mL and 0.412 mg/mL, respectively. So, the most effective antioxidative capacity in ethanol extracts of Ganoderma lucidum was the lipid peroxidation, among the method used this study. The indirect and direct antimutagenic effects of ethanol extracts of Ganoderma lucidum were examined by Ames test using Salmonella typimurium TA98 and TA100. The inhibition rates on indirect mutagenicity mediated by 2-Anthramine showed 100% in the Salmonella typimurium TA98 and 98.74% in the Salmonella typimurium TA100 and the direct mutagenicity mediated by sodium azide in Salmonella typimurium TA100 was 82.96%. But, the inhibitory effect on indirect mutagenicity mediated by 2-Nitrofluorene in Salmonella typimurium TA98 was low(7.81%). The inhibitory Effect of Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extracts on cell proliferation in Hela and MCF-7 by MTT test were 74.36% in HeLa and 73.90% in MCF-7 at the 0.50 mg/assay concentration and IC/sub 50/ were 0.163 mg/mL and 0.196 mg/mL respectively. From this result, it is suggested that Ganoderma lucidum is believed to have a possible antioxidative, antimutagenic and anticancer capacities.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.655-661
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• 2004

Sphingolipid production was investigated through Ganoderma lucidum-submerged cultivation. Crude sphingolipid obtained from G. lucidum was purified by methanol precipitation, Dowex AG DW-X8 (H+ form) cation exchange chromatography, and preparative thin layer chromatography, Structure and functionalities of purified sphingolipid were elucidated including cutaneous hydration effect. Possibility of use as cosmetics material and new biomaterial was explored. Production was 0.4 g/L at 1% yield. Purified sphingolipid was identified as D-ribo-1,3,4-trihydroxy-2-aminoocta decan through UV/VIS, FT-IR, and $^1H-NMR$. Sphingolipids increased skinmate value for cutaneous hydration effect by 20% at $500\;{\mu}g/mL$ and decreased skin roughness at $100\;{\mu}g/mL$. Results suggest shingolipids from G. lucidum are effective for cutaneous hydration and improvement of skin roughness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.61-77
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• 2004

Present review is built on base of research work on Ganoderma lucidum in our laboratory. A great deal of experimental evidence has suggested that the pharmacological activities of Ganoderma lucidum(Lingzhi) are related to anti-oxidative and free radical scavenging activity. The anti-oxidative and free radical scavenging effects of polysaccharides and triterpenoids isolated from Ganoderma lucidum in different oxidative injury models including tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBOOH)- damaged mice peritoneal macrophages, alloxan-induced diabetes, experimental liver injury models induced by carbon tetrachloride (CC14), D-galactosamine (DGal) and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG) plus lipopolysaccharides(LPS) were investigated. It is also demonstrated that Lugu lingzhi, one of Ganoderma product, significantly inhibited LDL oxidation mediated by endothelial cells and decreased monocyte adhesion to endothelial cell (EC) induced by Oxidative low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and advanced glycation endproducts(AGE). Lugulingzhi-treated serum could markedly inhibit the expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-l (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-l (VCAM-1) induced by ox-LDL and AGE.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.547-553
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• 1998

For the efficient production of a new exo-polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum ASI 7004, the optimum conditions and methods in submerged cultivation were investigated with an airlift fermenter system. The optimum aeration rate was 2.5 Wm at the initial pH 5.0 and 28$^{\circ}C$. The increase of dissolved oxygen concentration by pure oxygen supply during cultivation did not improved the exo-polysaccaride production and the mycelial growth. The maximum exo-polysaccharide production and the mycelial growth under the optimum culture condition were obtained in media of glucose 60g/L, yeast extract 6g/L, (NH4)2HPO4 1g/L and KH2PO4 0.5g/L. Under these optimum medium and culture conditions, about 7.15g/L of exo-polysaccharide and 13.9g/L of mycelial growth were producted, respectively.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 1994

Antitumor polysaccharides were known to activate complement system and to increase specific serum proteins in mouse, and researcher reported that antitumor activity of polyasccharides might be correlated with their biological properties such as activation of complement system and increase of specific protein $L_{A}$, $L_{B}$ and $L_{C}$ within the mouse serum. In case of several Ganoderma lucidum, there was no correlation between their antitumor activities and their bioloical properties, but the antitumor activities against sarcoma 180 of the alkali extracted crude polysaccharide fractions of the Ganoderma lucidum IY 009. AS, T, AI and M were correlated with their bioloical properties such as anticomplementary activity and intensity of mouse serum protein $L_{A}$, $L_{B}$ and $L_{C}$.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.133-137
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• 2004

Present review is built on base of research work on Ganoderma lucidum in our laboratory. A great deal of experimental evidence has suggested that the pharmacological activities of Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi) are related to anti-oxidative and free radical scavenging activity. The anti-oxidative and free radical scavenging effects of polysaccharides and triterpenoids isolated from Ganoderma lucidum in different oxidative injury models including tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBOOH)- damaged mice peritoneal macrophages, alloxan-induced diabetes, experimental liver injury models induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), D-galactosamine (DGal) and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) plus lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were investigated. It is also demonstrated that Lugu lingzhi, one of Ganoderma product, significantly inhibited LDL oxidation mediated by endothelial cells and decreased monocyte adhesion to endothelial cell (EC) induced by Oxidative low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and advanced glycation endproducts (AGE). Lugulingzhi-treated serum could markedly inhibit the expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-l) induced by ox-LDL and AGE.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.641-649
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• 2001

In this study, the antitumor activities were investigated using $\beta$-lmmunan, a proteoglycan obtained from cultured mycelia of the IY009 strain of Ganoderma lucidum belonging to basidiomycetes. The result showed the significant effect of cytotoxicity test against murine sarcoma 180 and murine lymphocytic leukemia L1210 using immunized macrophage cultures by $\beta$-lmmunan. When intraperitoneally injected at 40 mg/kg/day daily for 10 days, $\beta$-lmmunan inhibited the growth of sarcoma 180 solid tumor in ICR mice by 88.8% (p<0.05). It was also observed that $\beta$-lmmunan increased life span by 85.2% (p<0.01) after treatment of 100 mg/kg/day in BDF1 mice bearing lymphocytic leukemia L1210. And combination therapy with cisplatin (dosage: 4 mg/kg) increased life span by 140.4% (p<0.05) after treatment of 100 mg/kg/day daily in BDF1 mice bearing lymphocytic leukemia L1210.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.6 s.90
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• pp.759-768
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• 2005

This study was performed to determine the antioxidative effect of the hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, butanol and water fractions of Ganoderma lucidum extracts on the inhibition of malondialdehyde(MDA) and bovine serum albumin(BSA) conjugation reaction, the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH) radical, the antimutagenic capacity as measured by the Ames test and the inhibitory effect on cancer cell. Ganoderma lucidum is believed to have possible antioxidative capacities, although the results have varied according to the assay method. The most effective antioxidative capacity was inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Among the five fractions, water fraction showed strong inhibition rates on MDA & BSA conjugation reaction, and ethylacetate fractions showed the most effective inhibition rate on lipid peroxidation and scavenging effect on DPPH radical. The indirect and direct antimutagenic effects of ethanol extracts of Ganoderma lucidum were examined by Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. Among the samples, the water fraction did not have any antimutagenic effect. The inhibition rates on mutagenicity in the presence of 2.5 mg/plate were nearly $100\%$ for Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 except the hexane fraction of the direct mutagenicity mediated by 2-Nitrofluorene in Salmonella typimurium TA98($64.69\%$). Under the 2.5 mg/plate concentration, the inhibitory effects of hexane and dichloromethane fraction were superior to that of the other fractions on the direct mutagenicity for Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and indirect mutagenicity for Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. The inhibitory effect of Ganoderma lucidum extracts on cell proliferation in HeLa and MCF-7 was investigated by U test. The dichloromethane fraction showed highly antiproliferative effect in HeLa and MCF-7($IC_{50}$: 0.122 mg/mL, 0.272 mg/mL, respectively) cells while the water faction had a weak inhibitory effect($IC_{50}$: 0.691 mg/mL, 10.919 mg/mL respectively). These results suggest that Ganoderma lucidum may have antioxidative, antimutagenic and anticancer capacities and may be a candidate of the prevention and dietetic treatment of chronic diseases and the development of antioxidative, antimutagenic and anticancer functional food.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.364-368
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• 1998

The optimum conditions of the production of exo-polymer by Ganoderma lucidum WK-003 and it's hepatoprotective effect was studied. Optimum conditions for the production of exo-polymer (3.18 g/$\ell$) by using shaken flask culture of G. lucidum WK-003 were pH 4.5, 30$^{\circ}C$, 120 rpm for 18 days cultivation. Also exo-polymer productio (7.15 g/$\ell$) was optimized by 5$\ell$ jar fermenter cultivation with condition of pH 4.5, 30$^{\circ}C$, 200 rpm, 1.0 vvm for 6 days cultivation. Glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) activities in serum of intoxicated Sprague-Dawley rat were decreased from 704 IU/L to 330 IU/L by oral administration of the exo-polymer (20mg/kg$.$day)f or 4 consecutive days.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.271-276
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• 2004

$\beta$-Immunan was proteoglycan obtained from mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum IY009. In this study, the protective effects of $\beta$-Immunan, against the CDDP induced in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo renal toxicity, was measured. Concentration dependent cytotoxicities of CDDP in normal kidney cells (Vero, TCMK-l) were reduced by $\beta$-Immunan treatment. Increased renal toxicity factors, such as elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine, reduction of kidney weight and malonidialdehyde (MDA), by intraperitoneal administration of CDDP in rats was improved. These results indicated that $\beta$-Immunan have a protective effects against the CDDP induced renal toxicity, however, it needed to confirm the detailed mechanism for therapeutic effects.