• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.229-239
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• 1970

국내산 천연수정의 열형광발생의 성질을 이용해서 ${\gamma}$선의 선량을 측정할 수 있는 가능한 여러가지 방법을 연구하였다. 가열방법이 정확히 선형적일때는 ${\gamma}$선에 조사된 방사선에 민감한 $\alpha$수정은 단일첨두의 열형광 발생곡선을 나타낼 수 있는고로 이 발생곡선의 첨두의 높이는 $\alpha$수정에 의해서 ${\gamma}$선의 선량을 측정하는 방법에 있어서 ${\gamma}$선의 선량을 나타낸다고 볼 수 있다. 이 수정선량계는 2$\times$$10^3$R에서 2$\times$$10^{6}$R까지의 선량범위내에서 열형광강도의 직선성을 나타내었으며, 또한 발생곡선의 첨두때의 온도(300$\pm$4$0^{\circ}C$)가 높은 고로 열형광의 상온에서의 자연상태가 적다는 장점이 있다. 입자의 크기가 0.3<ø<0.9mm인 분말수정은 50R에서 2$\times$$10^3$R까지의 ${\gamma}$선의 선량범위내에서 열형광강도의 직선성을 나타내었다. 암환자의 신체일부에 조사된 ${\gamma}$선의 급수선량을 정확히 측정해야하는 방사선치료상의 적용에 분말수정시료를 사용해본 시도는 좋은 결과였다고 생각된다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.645-651
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• 2015

This paper presents an experimental study on the freeze drying process for poly ${\gamma}$ glutamic acid. The physical properties of poly ${\gamma}$ glutamic acid are measured during the freeze-drying process. The moisture contents of poly ${\gamma}$ glutamic acid according to the glass transient temperature are obtained by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) analysis. The end point of primary drying for the poly ${\gamma}$ glutamic acid with a thickness of 3 mm is obtained by measuring the thickness of the dried layer, the amount of moisture evaporation, the moisture content, and the pressure in the drying vacuum chamber during the freeze-drying process. By considering the variation in the glass transient temperature with respect to the moisture content of the material, a control schedule for the heating plate temperature is suggested during the secondary drying process.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.673-684
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• 2024

STREAM, developed by the Computational Reactor Physics and Experiment laboratory (CORE) of the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), is a deterministic neutron- and photon-transport code primarily designed for light water reactor (LWR) analysis. Initially, the photon module in STREAM did not account for fluorescence and bremsstrahlung photons. This article presents recent developments regarding the integration of atomic relaxation and bremsstrahlung models into the existing photon module, thus allowing for the transport of secondary photons. The photon flux and photon heating computed with the newly incorporated models is compared to results obtained with the Monte Carlo code MCS. The incorporation of secondary photons has substantially improved the accuracy of photon flux calculations, particularly in scenarios involving strong gamma emitters. However, it is essential to note that despite the consideration of secondary photon sources, there is no noticeable improvement in the photon heating for LWR problems when compared to the photon heating obtained with the previous version of STREAM.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.197-201
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• 1996

D10 values obtained for radiation alone in Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium perfrigenes were 0.35-0.48 kGy in vegetative cells, and 2~2.08 kGy in spores, respectively. Irradiation dose of 24 kGy completely inhibited spores. In the case of heat treatment, D50, 60 values ranged from 10 to 14 minutes in vegetative cells, and D70, 80, 90 values ranged from 10 to 140 minutes in spores. In the case of combined treatment with heat and radiation, D10 values ranged form 1 to 1.25 kGy in vegetative cells, and from 3.42 to 3.61 kGy in spores. Thus, resistance of cells to gamma radiation did not seem to be influences by pre-heating.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.429-433
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• 2006

High Temperature deformation behavior of newly developed beta-gamma TiAl alloy was investigated in this study. The optimum processing condition was investigated with the aid of Dynamic Materials Model (DMM). Processing maps representing the efficiency of power dissipation for microstructural evolution and instability were constructed utilizing the results of hot compression test at temperatures ranging from $1000^{\circ}C$ to $1200^{\circ}C$ and strain rate ranging from $10^{-4}/s$ to $10^2/s$. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) simulation was adopted to consider the deformation heating. With the help of processing map and microstructural analysis, the optimum processing condition was presented and the role of $\beta$ phase was also discussed in this study.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.473-478
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• 2002

Flux법과 마이크로파 가열법으로 $Al_2(SO_4)_3+2Na_2SO_4$ 및 ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3+2Na_2SO_4$ 분말혼합물로부터 ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ 판상체(platelets)를 합성하였다. ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ 판상체 형성에 미치는 마이크로파의 영향을 조사하기 위하여 DTA-TG, XRD 및 SEM을 이용하였다. $Al_2(SO_4)_3+2Na_2SO_4$ 혼합물의 경우, 마이크로파로 가열된 시료는 재래식으로 가열된 시료에 비하여 입자의 크기가 작고 응집체로 구성된 ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ 판상체로 나타났다. ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3+2Na_2SO_4$ 혼합물의 경우, 마이크로파 가열에 의한 ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ 판상체 형성온도는 재래식 가열에 의한 형성온도 보다 낮았다. 또한 마이크로파로 가열된 시료의 형상은 재래식으로 가열된 시료의 형상과 유사하였다. 그러나 마이크로파로 가열된 시료는 재래식으로 가열된 시료에 비하여 입자의 크기가 작았다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the delayed hydride cracking (DHC) of Zr-2.5Nb alloy. The DHC model has some defects: first, it cannot explain why the DHC velocity (DHCV) becomes constant regardless of an applied stress intensity factor, even though the stress gradient is affected by the applied stress intensity factor at the notch tip. Second, it cannot explain why the DHCV has a strong dependence on the method of approaching the test temperature by a cool-down or a heating-up, even under the same stress gradient, and third, it cannot predict any hydride size effect on the DHC velocity. The DHC tests were conducted on Zr-2.5Nb compact tension specimens with the test temperatures reached by a heating-up method and a cool-down method. Crack velocities were measured in hydrided specimens, which were cooled from solution-treatment temperatures at different rates by being furnace-cooled, water-quenched, and liquid nitrogen-quenched. The resulting hydride size, morphology, and distributions were examined by optical metallography. It was found that fast cooling rates, which produce very finely dispersed hydrides, result in higher crack growth rates. This different DHC behavior of the Zr-2.5Nb tube with the cooling rate after a homogenization treatment is due to the precipitation of the $\gamma$-hydrides only in the water-quenched Zr-2.5Nb tube. This experiment will provide supporting evidence that the terminal solid solubility of a dissolution (TSSD) of $\gamma$-hydrides is higher than that of $\delta$-hydrides.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.55-64
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• 1995

A study was made to examine the effects of postweld heat treatment(PWHT) on the toughness and microstructures in the weld heat affected zone(HAZ) of Cu-bearing HSLA-100 steel. The Gleeble thermal/mechanical simulator was used to simulate the weld HAZ. The details between toughness and PWHT of HAZ were studied by impact test, optical microscopy(O.M.), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The decrease of HAZ toughness in single thermal cycle comparing to base plate is ascribed to the coarsed-grain formed by heating to 1350.deg.C. The increase of HAZ toughness in double thermal cycle comparine to single thermal cycle is due to the fine ferrite(.alpha.) grain transformed from austenite(.gamma.)formed by heating to .alpha./.gamma. two phase region. Cu precipitated during aging for increasing the strength of base metal is dissolved during single thermal cycle to 1350.deg.C and is precipitated little on cooling and heating during subsequent weld thermal cycle. It precipitates by introducing PWHT. Thus, the decrease of toughness in triple thermal cycle of $T_{p1}$ = 1350.deg.C, $T_{p2}$ = 800.deg.C and $T_{p3}$ = 500.deg.C does not occur owing to the precipitation of Cu. The behaviors of Cu=precipitates in HAZ is similar to that in base plate. PWHT at 550.deg.C shows highest hardness and lowest toughness, whereas PWHT at 650.deg.C shows reasonable toughness, which improves the toughness of as-welded state.state.

• 천문학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.433-438
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• 2004

Clusters of galaxies generally form by the gravitational merger of smaller clusters and groups. Major cluster mergers are the most energetic events in the Universe since the Big Bang. The basic properties of cluster mergers and their effects are discussed. Mergers drive shocks into the intracluster gas, and these shocks heat the intracluster gas. As a result of the impulsive heating and compression associated with mergers, there is a large transient increase in the X-ray luminosities and temperatures of merging clusters. These merger boost can affect X-ray surveys of clusters and their cosmological interpretation. Similar boosts occur in the strong lensing cross-sections and Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect in merging clusters. Merger shock and turbulence associated with mergers should also (re)accelerate nonthermal relativistic particles. As a result of particle acceleration in shocks and turbulent acceleration following mergers, clusters of galaxies should contain very large populations of relativistic electrons and ions. Observations and models for the radio, extreme ultraviolet, hard X-ray, and gamma-ray emission from nonthermal particles accelerated in these shocks will also be described. Gamma-ray observations with GLAST seem particularly promising.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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• pp.501-505
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• 2002

The specific radioactivity concentrations of $\^$238/U, $\^$232/Th, $\^$40/K were measured in soil samples around Zuunmod town of Mongolia using HP-Ge gamma-spectrometer. Also the specific radioactivity concentrations of above elements were measured in coal and ash samples which were collected from the Central steam heating in Zuunmod town. It was determined the effective equivalent dose.