• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.177-195
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• 2009

Objectives : This study is performed to investigate the acupuncture on Sciatica through the literature of oriental medicine. Methods : We collected the oriental medical literature from ancient to modern times, and extracted the causes, symptoms, treatments and acupoints of sciatica. Results : The findings of this study are as follows: 1. The etiology of Sciatica is differentiated into the exogenous pathogenic factors(wind, cold, dampness, trauma, bad posture) and the internal pathogenic factors(deficiency of the kidney energy, congenital debility). 2. The symptoms of Sciatica are pain, weakness and dysesthesia in the low back, hip and lower limb. 3. In the treatment of Sciatica, The Leg Greater Yang Bladder (BL) Meridian and The Leg Lesser Yang Gall Bladder (GB) Meridian out of 12 meridians were mainly used and the acupoint GB30(Hwando) was most frequently used in the acupuncture literature. 4. The number of acupoints used for sciatica was 95, and those acupoints in the order of frequency were GB30(Hwando), GB34(Yangnungch'on), BL40(Wijung), BL60(Kollyun), GB31(P'ungshi), GB39(Hyonjong), BL57(Sungsan), ST36(Chok-samni). Conclusion : The most frequently used acupoints for the treatment of sciatica are as follows; GB30(Hwando), GB34(Yangnungch'on), GB31(P'ungshi), GB39(Hyonjong) of The Leg Lesser Yang Gall Bladder Meridian, BL40(Wijung), BL60(Kollyun), BL57(Sungsan) of The Leg Greater Yang Bladder Meridian.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한핵의학회 1977년도 제16차 학술대회
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• pp.88.2-89
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• 1977

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한핵의학회 1967년도 제6회 학술대회
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• pp.104.4-105
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• 1967

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.226-236
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• 2001

Objects : To evaluate clinical efficiency of The A-Shi point for the herniated lumbar intervertebral disc. Methods : The patients who had a diagnosis of herniated lumbar intervertebral disc by lumber CT and MRI, and were observed from the twentieth March 2000 to the tenth Novemsber 2000, were divided into two classes ; the "A" group was 15 cases practiced with Acupuncture treatment used of A-Shi point and the twelve-Meridian, the "B"group 15cases only Acupuncture treatment used of twelve-Meridian, Results : the most type of low back pain was, the Gall bladder channel of Foot-souyang 15 cases (50%) and the Gall-Bladder Meridian Muscle was 45 cases the most in the existence part of A-Shi point On the result of treatment due to clinical symptoms, the "A" group was 57.9% as excellent and "B" group 19.8%. On the measurement of Lumber flexion, the "A" group proceed more excellent result than the "B group at the whole grade. Conclusion : These results suggest that The A-shi point was effective treatment of herniated intervertebral disc.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.331-343
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• 2004

This thesis is a literature study about oriental medicine on insomnia. Insomnia is defined as deficiency of sleeping caused by disability of the period of sleeping and lack of recovery of original vital energy. The main causes of insomnia are the dysfunction of the stomach, the wet phlegm, the deficiency of vigor, Qi of the heart, the lack of Yin, the defect of gall bladder or the excessive anxiety and so on, in the oriental medicine. Insomnia patients, in the oriental medicine, is treated by both removing food stagnancy and regulating the vital function of stomach, controlling the wet phlegm, both nourishing the heart and reinforcing the vital energy, providing vital essence to subdue the fire, tonifing both the heart and spleen or warming the gall bladder, etc. The number of insomnia patients shows a tendency to increase by the stresses of modern society and stimulus caused form the unbalance of Yin and Yang. Medical treatments for insomnia are studied, also, in diverse fields according to the increasing in number of insomnia patients. The literature study about the causes and medical treatments of insomnia is useful for the access to effective oriental medical treatments for insomnia.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.239-243
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• 1996

MS-Contin is an oral controlled-release preparation of morphine sulfate that has been used widely in the management of advanced cancer pain. It prolongs plasma concentration of morphine with no observable accumulation properties following repeated dosing, thereby promoting uninterrupted sleep and hopefully improving patient's quality of life. The common side effects of MS Contin are nausea, vomiting, drowsiness and constipation. But these symptoms are usually mild and respiratory depression is a rare problem. We experienced respiratory depression during oral administration of MS contin for the pain management of advanced gall bladder cancer of 76 years old male patient with metastasis at liver, intestine and cervical lymph node. After we increased the dosage of MS Contin from 160mg to 220mg per day, due to abdominal pain, we observed morphine reaction of MS Contin overdose such as pinpoint pupil, deeply slow respiration below 8/minute, and drowsiness. After intravenous bolus injection of 0.4 mg naloxone followed by continuous administration of 0.2 mg/hr for 4 hours, the patient regained consciousness. The administered route of morphine was changed to intravenous PCA (patient controlled analgesia). There was no aspiration sign as confirmed by chest x-ray. The patient was comfortable and delayed no signs of respiratory depression until now.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 1980

In this study, the effects of phenoxybenzamine and related drugs on the action of CCK-PZ and caerulein were examined in isolated gall bladder of guinea pig and higher esophagus strip of fowl. The strips were placed in a bath containing Locke-Ringer solution maintained at $38^{\circ}C$. Oxygen was continuously bubbled through the solution. The contractile response was measured isometrically by a force displacement transducer connected to polygraph. In isolated gall bladder preparation caerulein produced contractile response of CCK-PZ type, but the relative potency on a weight basis was 30 times stronger than CCK-PZ. The response of caerulein or CCK-PZ was not blocked by cholinergic blocking agent and both alpha and beta adrenergic blockades, however, the response of caerulein or CCK-PZ was exceptionally blocked by phenoxybenzamine. In isolated esophagus strip CCK-PZ with high concentration produced marked contraction which was not modified by atropine and other blocking agents, whereas the response was blocked by phenoxybenzamine. These results lead to the conclusion that phenoxybenzamine inherently inhibits the contractile response of CCK-PZ and caerulein on esophagus and other smooth muscle.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.555-561
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 중 소형견에서 1개의 복강경 통로를 통한 내시경적 담낭 제거술을 실시함으로써, 개에서 최소 침습적 수술로 담낭 절제술을 실시할 수 있는 방법을 확립하기 위하여 실시하였다. 실험 동물로 총 3마리의 수컷 비글견 ($10.3{\pm}0.62$ kg)을 이용하였으며 배꼽 주위에 하나의 절개창을 만든 후 단일 통로 내시경 시스템을 장착하였다. 이 시스템을 통해 내시경과 Maryland 복강경용 겸자로 담낭을 견인, 제거하였다. 3마리 모두 성공적으로 담낭 절제술을 실시하였으며, 수술 후 감염과 같은 합병증은 발생하지 않았다. 또한 술전, 술후를 비교한 혈액, 혈청 검사상에서도 특이적인 소견은 관찰되지 않았다. 술후 7일 후에 이루어진 부검 소견에서도 출혈 및 담즙의 유출 및 복막염 등과 같은 부작용은 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해, 단일 통로를 이용한 내시경 유도하 담낭 절제술은 중소형견에서 실시할 수 있는 복강 수술 방법 중 최소한의 절개를 통해 비침습적으로 이루어질 수 있는 유용한 수술 방법이라 할 수 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.817-819
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• 2013

Background: The present study was designed to comparatively assess alteration of biochemical parameters in bile duct cancer and gall stone disease. Materials and Methods: A hospital based case-control study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal between $1^{st}$ January 2010 and $31^{st}$ December 2012. The variables collected were age, gender, serum total cholesterol, total bilirubin, AST, ALT, serum alkaline phosphatase, albumin and hemoglobin. One way ANOVA was used to examine the statistical significance of differences between groups. A post-hoc LSD test was applied for the comparison of means of control versus case groups. A p-value of <0.05 (two-tailed) was considered significant. Results: The mean age of cases and controls was $53.2{\pm}21.2$ years. The levels of serum cholesterol were higher in cases of cancer $192.5{\pm}21.5$ mg/dl in comparison to stone cases $168.7{\pm}16.1$ mg/dl (p value: 0.0001). The total bilirubin showed the marked difference in cases of cancer $7.6{\pm}3.2$ mg/dl in comparison to stone cases $2.5{\pm}0.8$ mg/dl of bile duct. There was discernible divergence in values of alkaline phosphatase in cases of cancer $251.5{\pm}20.1$ IU/l when compared to stone cases $173.2{\pm}12.6$ IU/l of bile duct. In contrast, there was no apparent deviation in values of aspartate transaminases and alanine transaminases in cases of cancer $59.1{\pm}8.9$ IU/l and $105.5{\pm}26.5$ IU/l when compared to stone cases $56.9{\pm}7.9$ IU/l and $84.5{\pm}13.5$ IU/l respectively. Conclusions: LFT analysis for pre-operative assessment was a good predictive marker in setting apart bile duct cancer and gall bladder stone.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권13호
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• pp.5557-5563
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• 2015

Background: Cholelithiasis is associated in 54%-98% of patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder, and a high incidence among females suggests a role of female hormones in the etiology of the disease. Cytochrome $P450C17{\alpha}$ (CYP-17) is a key enzyme involved in estrogen metabolism and polymorphisms in CYP-17 are associated with altered serum levels of estrogens. Thus, we investigated whether the CYP-17 MspA1 gene polymorphism might impact on risk of gall bladder cancers or gallstones, as well as to determine if this gene polymorphism might be linked with estrogen serum levels and lipid profile among the North Indian gall bladder cancer or gallstone patients. Materials and Methods: CYP-17 gene polymorphisms (MspA1) were genotyped with PCR-RFLP in cancer patients (n=96), stone patients (n=102), cancer + stone patients (n=52) and age/sex matched control subjects (n= 256). Lipid profile was estimated using a commercial kit and serum estrogen was measured using ELISA. Results: The majority of the patients in all groups were females. The lipid profile and estrogen level were significantly higher among the study as compared to control groups. The frequency of mutant allele A2 of CYP17 MspA1 gene polymorphism was higher among cancer (OR=5.13, 95% CI+3.10-8.51, p=0.0001), stone (OR=5.69, 95%CI=3.46-9.37, p=0.0001) and cancer + stone (OR=3.54, 95%CI=1.90-6.60, p=0.0001) when compared with the control group. However there was no significant association between genotypes of CYP17 MspA1 gene polymorphism and circulating serum level of estrogen and lipid profile. Conclusions: A higher frequency of mutant genotype A1A2 as well as mutant allele A2 of CYP-17 gene polymorphism is significantly associated with risk of gallbladder cancer and stones. Elevated levels of estrogen and an altered lipid profile can be used as predictors ofgall bladder stones and cancer in post menopausal females in India.