• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate postural control strategies on smart phone use during gait in over 50-year-old adults. Method: 8 elderly subjects (age: $55.5{\pm}3.29yrs$, height: $159.75{\pm}4.20cm$, weight: $62.87{\pm}8.44kg$) and 10 young subjects (age: $23.8{\pm}3.19yrs$, height: $158.8{\pm}5.97cm$, weight: $53.6{\pm}5.6kg$) participated in the study. They walked at a comfortable pace in a gaitway of ~8 m while: 1) reading text on a smart phone, 2) typing text on a smart phone, or 3) walking without the use of a phone. Gait parameters and kinematic data were evaluated using a three-dimensional movement analysis system. Results: The participants read or wrote text messages they walked with: slower speed; lesser stride length and step width; greater flexion range of motion of the head; more flexion of the thorax in comparison with normal walking. Conclusion: Texting or reading message on a smart phone while walking may pose an additional risk to pedestrians' safety.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2002

A walking training robot is proposed to provide stable and comfortable walking supports by reducing body weight load partially and a force control of an arm of walking training robot using sliding mode controller is also proposed. The current gait training apparatus in hospital are ineffective for the difficulty in keeping constant unloading level and for the constraint of patients' free walking. The proposed walking training robot effectively unloads body weight during walking. The walking training robot consists of an unloading manipulator and a mobile platform. The manipulator driven by an electro-mechanical linear mechanism unloads body weight in various levels. The mobile platform is wheel type, which allows patients to walt freely. The developed unloading system has advantages such as low noise level, lightweight, low manufacturing cost and low power consumption. A system model fur the manipulator is established using Lagrange's equation. To unload the weight of the patients, sliding mode control with p-control is adopted. Both control responses with a weight and human walking control responses are analyzed through experimental implementation to demonstrate performance characteristics of the proposed force controller.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.363-375
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• 2015

Objective: This study aims to recognize the risk of current traffic systems and to investigate a method to decrease risk by doing exercise using an elastic-band and cognitive rehabilitation. Background: The existing traffic system usually focuses on the ordinary citizens, which may not be appropriate to the elderly. It may affect the cognition and walking speed of the elderly. This study tries to examine whether cognition and muscle training is appropriate to improve their vulnerability. Therefore this study will provide human ergonomics - based basic data in relation to the elderly to identify the risk of current signal system and to mitigate the risk. Method: A total of 30 elderly participants were divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. Experimental group (n=15) was trained to strengthen their muscles and to promote cognition, whereas control group (n=15) was not. The training was conducted twice a week for three weeks. To strengthen muscles, a yellow colored elastic-band was used, and a computer program for cognitive rehabilitation was used to develop cognition. In the experimental group, there were significant differences between pre and post exercises However, the control group didn't show any significant difference. The increase in cognition and walking speed was found in the experimental group, whereas there were no differences in the control group. Statistically there was no significant difference between the two groups. Results: The results of this study show that the exercise program using the elastic-band gave a positive effect on gait training thanks to the development of muscle power and balance. Conclusion: This study did not show any statistical difference or significant differences between the two groups, since time was restricted, we believe. Application: The results of the walking speed will help to prevent traffic collision.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.114-123
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• 2020

본 연구는 뇌졸중 환자에게 하지 근력강화 프로그램이 균형, 보행 및 상지 기능에 미치는 효과에 대해서 알아보았다. 신경계 손상 환자가 있는 병원을 기반으로 해서 하지 근력 강화에 대한 연구 방법을 만들어서 진행하였고, 무작위대조시험을 적용하였다. 24명의 뇌졸중 환자를 두 군으로 분류하였다. 하지 근력 강화 프로그램그룹 (Lower extremity strengthening program group, LESPG) (12명)과 트레드밀 훈련그룹 (Treadmill trainig group, TTG) (12명)으로 실험하였다. LESPG는 마비측에 하지 근력 강화프로그램을 수행하였다. TTG는 하루 30분 동안 트레드밀 운동을 적용하였다. 평가 도구는 일어나서 보행 검사(Timed Up and Go test, TUG), 기능적 보행평가 (Functional Gait Assessment, FGA) 및 뇌졸중 상지 기능검사(Manual Function Test, MFT)를 적용하였다. 균형, 보행 및 상지 기능에 대한 두 군 간의 TUG, FGA 및 MFT 점수는 LESPG가 TTG보다 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.01). 4주간의 하지 근력강화 프로그램의 효과는 뇌졸중 후 편마비 환자의 균형, 보행 및 상지 기능에 효과가 있었다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.134-139
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• 2017

Objective: Dual-task interference is defined as decrements in performance observed when people attempt to perform two tasks concurrently, such as a verbal task and walking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of gait ability according to the dual task interference in chronic stroke survivors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Ten chronic stroke survivors (9 male, 1 female; mean age, 55.30 years; mini mental state examination, 19.60; onset duration, 56.90 months) recruited from the local community participated in this study. Gait ability (velocity, paretic side step, and stride time and length) under the single- and dual-task conditions at a self-selected comfortable walking speed was measured using the motion analysis system. In the dual task conditions, subjects performed three types of cognitive tasks (controlled oral word association test, auditory clock test, and counting backwards) while walking on the track. Results: For velocity, step and stride length, there was a significant decrease in the dual-task walking condition compared to the single walking condition (p<0.05). In particular, higher reduction of walking ability was observed when applying the counting backward task. Conclusions: Our results revealed that the addition of cognitive tasks while walking may lead to decrements of gait ability in stroke survivors. In particular, the difficulty level was the highest for the calculating task. We believe that these results provide basic information for improvements in gait ability and may be useful in gait training to prevent falls after a stroke incident.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2016

Objective: The effect of abdominal expansion maneuver (AEM) and abdominal draw-in maneuver (ADIM) on postural control in an unsupported position in stroke patients. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: A total of 36 persons with hemiplegic stroke participated in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into an AEM experimental group (n=12), an experimental ADIM group (n=12), and a control group (n=12). We collected the general characteristics of all subjects and the pre-test results before the intervention and after 4 weeks of the intervention. The trunk stabilization training of the ADIM and AEM group were performed 15 minutes a day, 3 times a week for 4 weeks, and general physical therapy was performed 2 times a day, 30 minutes per session, 5 times a week for all three groups. The control group received joint mobilizations, muscle strengthening, endurance strengthening, and gait exercises along with treatment of the central nervous system, such as neuro-developmental treatment, mat, and gait training. The AEM is an inspiratory phase of tidal breathing expanding the lateral lower ribcage in a lateral direction with minimal superior movements of the chest. Then the lower abdomen expands and the navel moves in an anterior-caudal direction. The ADIM is a repeated contraction and relaxation of the anal sphincter during inspiration. The navel pulls the lower abdomen to the direction of the spine without the movement of the trunk and pelvis. Results: Before and after the interventions, medial-lateral axis movement distance, anterior-posterior axis movement distance, sway mean velocity, and sway area 95% was a statistically significant change in all three groups (p<0.05). The post-hoc test showed a significant improvement in medial-lateral axis movement distance, anterior-posterior axis movement distance, sway mean velocity, and sway area in the AEM group compared with the control group, and in the ADIM group compared with the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, both AEM training and ADIM training are necessary interventions to maintain the independent sitting position according to the characteristics of the patient.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2012

Purpose: The present study was designed to investigate the effect of trunk control training on the labile surface on relative impulse and balance in stroke patients. Methods: A total of 21 participants were assigned to an experimental group (n=11) or a control group (n=10). In addition to conventional therapy, the experimental group received trunk control training on the swiss ball; 20 minutes, 4 times a week, for 8 weeks. Balance ability was evaluated by FRT (functional reaching test) and TUG (time up and go). In addition relative impulse in 6 areas of the foot (hallux, 1st metatarsal head, 2~3 metatasal head, 4~5 metatasal head, mid foot and heel) were measured using the F-scan system to evaluate locomotion ability during gait. Results: Significant differences in the relative impulse were observed in the areas of the 2~3 metatasal head during gait after exercise in both the control group and experimental group (p<0.05). Also, a significant increase was seen in the hallux after exercise in the experimental group (p<0.05), but no such significant increase was seen in the control group (p>0.05). Significant differences were observed in FRT and TUG in the experimental group but no such significant increase was observed in the control group (p>0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that trunk control training on labile surface improves the balance in stroke patients and has a positive effect on locomotion ability.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 보행 가속도 신호를 측정할 수 있는 휴대용 무선 가속도 측정 시스템을 설계하고 편마비 환자로부터 획득된 데이터를 이용하여 보행 인자 계산과 보행의 규칙성 및 대칭성을 평가할 수 있는 보행 자동분석 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 휴대용 무선 가속도 측정 시스템은 2축 가속도계와 증폭기 및 16㎐ 저역 통과 필터로 구성된 아날로그 신호처리부(가속도 센서부)와 원칩 마이크로프로세서, EEPROM RF 송신부 및 수신부로 구성되어 있다. 보행 분석 알고리즘은 FFT 분석부, 필터 처리부 및 정점 검출부로 구성된다. 알고리즘 개발 및 평가를 위하여 8명의 편마비 환자가 실험군으로 또 다른 8명의 편마비 환자가 대조군으로 참여하였으며, 요추 3∼4번 위치에서 10m 동안의 보행 가속도 신호를 60㎐의 샘플링 주파수로 측정하였다. 보행자동분석 알고리즘에 의해 먼저 보행 구분점을 검출하고 좌우 발을 구분하였으며, 이 정보를 이용하여 보행 인자들을 계산하였다. 비디오 데이터와 보행 가속도 신호를 직접 관찰하여 얻은 정보와 비교하여 알고리즘의 성능을 평가한 결과 보행 구분점이 모두 정확히 검출되었으며 좌우 발 또한 모두 구분되었다. 향후 알고리즘의 신뢰성과 더 많은 보행 인자들을 계산할 수 있도록 성능을 향상시킴으로써 임상에서 편마비 환자의 재활치료 성과를 평가하는데 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.215-226
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• 2021

Background: Robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) is an effective method for walking rehabilitation. Additionally, the body weight support (BWS) system reduces muscle fatigue while walking. However, no previous studies have investigated the effects of RAGT with BWS on isokinetic strength of quadriceps and hamstring muscles. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of torque, work, and power on the quadriceps and hamstring muscles during RAGT, using the BWS of three conditions in healthy subjects. The three different BWS conditions were BWS 50%, BWS 20%, and full weight bearing (FWB). Methods: Eleven healthy subjects (7 males and 4 females) participated in this study. The Walkbot_S was used to cause fatigue of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles and the Biodex Systems 4 Pro was used to measure the isokinetic torque, work, and power of them. After RAGT trials of each of the three conditions, the subjects performed isokinetic concentric knee flexion and extension, five at an angular velocity of 60°/s and fifteen at an angular velocity of 180°/s. One-way repeated analysis of variance was used to determine significant differences in all the variables. The least significant difference test was used for post-hoc analysis. Results: On both sides, there were significant differences in peak torque (PT) of knee extension and flexion between the three BWS conditions at an angular velocity of 60°/s and 180°/s conditions. A post-hoc comparison revealed that the PT in the BWS 50% was significantly greater than in the BWS 20% and the FWB and the PT in the BWS 20% was significantly greater than in the FWB. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the lower BWS during RAGT seems to lower the isokinetic torque, work, and power of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles because of the muscle fatigue increase.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2019

일반적으로 어지럼증은 여러 가지 복합적인 원인에 의해서 발생하지만 그 중에서 신경계에 속하는 전정계통의 기능 장애에 의한 증상이 가장 환자에게 심한 증상으로 다가오며, 구역질과 구토를 동반하게 된다. 이러한 어지럼증에 대한 치료는 약물요법, 수술요법, 재활치료 등이 있으며, 약물요법이나 수술요법은 대체적으로 후유증의 위험 때문에 재활치료요법인 전정재활훈련을 많이 시행하고 있다. 전정재활훈련은 안구훈련, 자세안정훈련, 보행훈련 등이 있는데 그 중 보행훈련은 의사 또는 전문치료사의 감독하에 일정한 공간에서 진행되므로 시간적, 공간적 부담이 가중되어 환자들이 훈련을 진행기 불편한 단점을 가진다. 이를 해결하고자 본 논문에서는 증강현실 기술을 활용해 사용자가 직접 보행재활훈련을 진행 할 수 있는 보행훈련 콘텐츠를 구현하였다. 추후 어지럼증 환자를 대상으로 한 임상시험을 통해 의료 환경에서 사용 가능한 어지럼증 재활 콘텐츠로 활용 가능할 것으로 기대한다.