• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2017

Purpose: Several accelerated partial breast radiation (APBR) techniques have been investigated in patients with early-stage breast cancer (BC); however, the optimal treatment delivery techniques remain unclear. We evaluated the feasibility and toxicity of APBR delivered using intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in elderly patients with stage I BC, using a novel fractionation schedule. Materials and Methods: Forty-two patients aged ${\geq}65$ years, with stage I BC who underwent breast conserving surgery were enrolled in a phase I/II study evaluating APBR using IMRT. Forty eligible patients received 40 Gy in 4 Gy daily fractions. Patients were assessed for treatment related toxicities, and cosmesis, before APBR, during, and after completion of the treatment. Results: The median age was 73 years, median tumor size 0.8 cm and the median follow-up was 54 months. The 5-year locoregional control was 97.5% and overall survival 90%. Erythema and skin pigmentation was the most common acute adverse event, reported by 27 patients (69%). Twenty-six patients (65%) reported mild pain, rated 1-4/10. This improved at last follow-up to only 2 (15%). Overall the patient and physician reported worst late toxicities were lower than the baseline and at last follow-up, patients and physicians rated cosmesis as excellent/good in 93% and 86 %, respectively. Conclusion: In this prospective trial, we observed an excellent rate of tumor control with daily APBR. The acceptable toxicity profile and cosmetic results of this study support the use of IMRT planned APBR with daily schedule in elderly patients with early stage BC.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.270-281
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to determine if osteoarthritis (OA) patients living in rural Korea would have a benefit from a structured group program focused on self-help strategies. Methods: A hundred and twenty-six patients with OA were recruited from nine Primary Health Care Posts. The experimental group received a 6-week self-help education program while the control group received usual care. T-tests and c2-tests were used to determine the homogeneity between the experimental and control groups. Independent sample t-tests were performed to determine the effect of the treatment program. To guard against such likelihood, the level of significance of t-test was determined by Bonferroni correction within the study constructs. When significant group differences were found in study variables at baseline, analysis of covariances (ANCOVAs) were used for group comparisons of outcome variables. Results: The experimental group reported more significant improvement in fatigue, difficulty with physical activity, depression, quality of life, self-efficacy, and health behaviors than did the control group. The experimental group also showed improvements in range of motion and muscle strength as compared to the control group. Conclusion: A self-help group education program was an effective and powerful strategy to promote physical and psychosocial health in OA patients

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.165-183
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• 2001

지난해부터 인터넷 분야에서 가장 확실한 수익 모델을 갖춘 사업 분야로 e-Learning 분야가 손꼽히면서 많은 온라인 교육 서비스가 우후죽순처럼 등장해 이미 1,000여 개의 서비스가 각축을 벌이고 있다. 그러나 e-Learning은 무엇보다도 학습용 컨텐츠의 품질이 그 성패를 좌우한다 할 때 한국의 온라인 학습 컨텐츠의 품질은 부실하기 이를 데 없다는 게 중론이다. 이는 S/W 공학에서 S/W 품질 보장을 위해 개발 방법론이 중요한 것으로 인식되는 것과 이를 지원하기 위한 Method II등 여러 도구들이 보급되고 있는데 비해 학습 컨텐츠는 그 중요도와 개발이 복잡하고 정교함이 요구됨에도 불구하고 개발 방법론에 대한 인식과 개발방법론을 지원하기 위한 도구가 없음에 기인하는바 크다 할 수 있겠다. 아직까지 국내에서는 MacroMedia Director나 ToolBook, Authorware등 일반적인 저작 도구나 웹 기반의 컨텐츠를 제작하는 Dreamweaver등의 HTML Editor만 있으면 컨텐츠가 만들어 질 수 있는 것으로 착각하고 있는 경우가 많다. 교육 학습용 컨텐츠의 개발 주기를 살펴보면 요구 분석->교수 설계->저작->평가->배포의 단계를 거치게 되는데 이때 학습 컨텐츠의 품질은 사실 요구 분석과 교수 설계 단계에서 결정되게 되며 이 학습 컨텐츠의 품질을 결정하는 단계에서는 IT 분야 지식보다는 오히려 교육 공학적 지식이 더욱 요구된다. 그러나 현실적으로 이 단계의 절차적 복잡성과 전문성으로 인해 거의 대부분의 학습 컨텐츠들이 제대로 개발 주기를 거치지 못하고 검증되지 않은 스토리 보드에 의한 저작 단계로 바로 돌입하고 있는 것이 한국의 실정이라 하겠다. 따라서 본 프로젝트에 의해 개발 된 교수 설계 도구는 교육/학습 컨텐츠의 품질 보증을 위한 방법론인 교육 공학의 체제적 교수 설계 이론 Model (Instructional System Design Model), 특히 그 중에서도 이 분야의 사실상의 표준 이론(de facto standard)인 Dick & Carey 교수와 Gagne 교수의 인지주의 ISD Model을 기반으로 정교한 교수 설계와 코스 맵 설계를 가능하게 함으로써 학습 컨텐츠의 품질 보증 활동을 지원 할 수 있는 도구로 개발하였다. 특히 Linux 기반에서 PHP로 개발 함으로써 Platform에 구애받지 않은 사용 환경을 구현 하였으며 향후 많은 e-Learning Platform에 교수 설계 모듈로 장착 함으로써 기존의 e-Learning Platform들의 가치를 높일 수 있는 계기가 될 것으로 생각한다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.325-331
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• 2017

Purpose: There is controversy regarding the cosmetic outcome after accelerated partial breast radiation (APBR). We report the cosmetic outcome from a single-arm prospective clinical trial of APBR delivered using intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in elderly patients with stage I breast cancer (BC), using a novel fractionation schedule. Materials and Methods: Forty-two patients aged ${\geq}65$, with Stage I BC who underwent breast-conserving surgery were enrolled in a phase I/II study evaluating a 2-week course of APBR. Thirty eligible patients received 40 Gy in 4 Gy daily fractions. Cosmetic outcome was assessed subjectively by physician/patient and objectively by using a computer program (BCCT.core) before APBR, during, and after completion of the treatment. Results: The median age was 72 years, the median tumor size was 0.8 cm, and the median follow-up was 50.5 months. The 5-year locoregional control in this cohort was 97% and overall survival 87%. At the last follow-up, patients and physicians rated cosmesis as 'excellent' or 'good' in 100% and 91 %, respectively. The BCCT.core program scored the cosmesis as 'excellent' or 'good' in 87% of the patients at baseline and 81% at the last follow-up. The median $V_{50}$ (20 Gy) of the whole breast volume (WBV) was 37.2%, with the median WBV $V_{100}$ (40 Gy) of 10.9%. Conclusion: An excellent rate of tumor control was observed in this prospective trial. By using multiple assessment techniques, we are showing acceptable cosmesis, supporting the use of IMRT planned APBR with daily schedule in elderly patients with early stage BC.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.5-27
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• 2023

Gagné proposed nine instructional events, gain attention of the students, inform students of the objectives, stimulate recall of prior learning, present the content, provide learning guidance, elicit performance(practice), provide feedback, assess performance, enhance retention and transfer for effective teaching & learning practice. Gagné's theory is widely applied in various subjects because it increases student participation and allows classes to be developed systematically. The purpose of this study is to develop a lesson plans for the 'library and information life' subjects in middle school using Gagné's nine instructional events theory, conduct actual instructions, and verify its effectiveness. The research procedure was conducted as follows. Development of lesson plan that using Gagné's theory to Section III (Information Analysis and Interpretation) of 'Library and Information Life' in middle school. Actual instruction were conducted and student survey, peer teacher assessment, and instructor self-assessment were conducted. Based on the evaluation results, a elements to revise and improve the lesson plan was presented.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.259-264
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• 2019

Purpose: Accurate localization of the lumpectomy cavity during accelerated partial breast radiation (APBR) is essential for daily setup to ensure the prescribed dose encompasses the target and avoids unnecessary irradiation to surrounding normal tissues. Three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-US) allows direct visualization of the lumpectomy cavity without additional radiation exposure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of 3D-US in daily target localization for APBR. Materials and methods: Forty-seven patients with stage I breast cancer who underwent breast conserving surgery were treated with a 2-week course of APBR. Patients with visible lumpectomy cavities on high quality 3D-US images were included in this analysis. Prior to each treatment, X-ray and 3D-US images were acquired and compared to images from simulation to confirm accurate position and determine shifts. Volume change of the lumpectomy cavity was determined daily with 3D-US. Results: A total of 118 images of each modality from 12 eligible patients were analyzed. The average change in cavity volume was 7.8% (range, -24.1% to 14.4%) on 3D-US from simulation to the end-of-treatment. Based on 3D-US, significantly larger shifts were necessary compared to portal films in all three dimensions: anterior/posterior (p = 7E-11), left/right (p = 0.002), and superior/inferior (p = 0.004). Conclusion: Given that the lumpectomy cavity is not directly visible via X-ray images, accurate positioning may not be fully achieved by X-ray images. Therefore, when the lumpectomy cavity is visible on US, 3D-US can be considered as an alternative to X-ray imaging during daily positioning for selected patients treated with APBR, thus avoiding additional exposure to ionizing radiation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.330-341
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the film 'The Island' on 2nd year nursing students' nursing informatics (NI) competency. The participants were sixty-eight students in a baccalaureate nursing program of a private university, taking the course, 'Nursing & Informatics' in the 2012 fall semester. Over the 15 weeks, the film was used for five weeks as introduction to NI, peer-to-group discussions, and self-reflection on lessons learned regarding NI. A qualitative content analysis was used to explore the students' experiences and perceptions on their NI competency. As a result, students signified the NI concept as the assessment of biometrics data, promotion of optimal health with the support of various technologies, and integration of patient-centered care into routine practice. They also highlighted the importance of security and safety measures as well as high quality health technology including the ubiquitous health monitoring system. Overall, the lesson outcomes of the course were met. As a supportive, instructional strategy, the use of the movie, 'The Island', was effective for nursing students in achieving NI competencies. Further study is warranted to determine if movies can be used as a means of continuing education to improve informatics competences in healthcare professionals.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.25-40
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• 2001

The purposes of the study were to identify satisfaction and achievement of learning by female learner's characteristics, and to suggest measures to improve quality of education in internet education programs. In order to determine the educational effectiveness associated with the characteristics of learners, this study attempted to employ two way approaches by observing the degree of achievement for learning, which represents an instructor-oriented approach, and the degree of satisfaction for education, which represents a learner-oriented approach to enhance the quality of internet education for female learners. As an approach to evaluate the educational effectiveness, the degree of achievement in learning(Tyler's classical approach), and the degree of satisfaction for education (Scriven's consumer-oriented evaluation model) were utilized. A survey form was developed by the researcher after reviewing the various tools originated from Boshier, Cross, Gagne and Choi, and distributed to a panel of judges that examined the content validity of the instrument. The sample for the study consisted of 160 female learners from three universities in Seoul and capital area, and the survey form was used to collect data for this study. The SPSS WIN program was used in analyzing the data and a series of statistical tests were conducted including frequency, percentile, t-test, ANOVA, correlation, multiple regression, and factor analysis. The statistical significance level was 0.05. The following conclusion were drawn from this study of female internet education. First, it was evident that female internet learners tend to utilize information from internet, and this can be interpreted as participants' positive attitude, and voluntary participation. Second, educational facilities and services should be improved in the future, because the level of satisfaction was low in these areas compared to curriculum and educational methodology. Third, the participating factors influenced by the level of satisfaction for education of learner characteristics were the 'formation of inter-personal relationship and willingness to change' and the 'needs for education on internet', thus appeared that both social and educational needs influenced the level of satisfaction for education. Fourth, the degree of achievement in learning was higher in the order of 1) attitude 2) function 3) knowledge, thus, attitude change was the most important in achievement of learning. Fifth, the individual background that influenced the level of achievement in learning were age and educational experience. As for the individual level of achievement for learning, the younger and more educated group were more satisfied.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.417-424
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• 2002

컴퓨터는 인간의 모든 꿈과 희망을 실현시켜 줄 수 있는 마법상자는 아니다. 정보화 시대라고 일컫는 현재, 정보의 가치를 더해주는 컴퓨터의 중요성은 날로 커지고 있는 반면 인간의 존엄성은 경시되고 있다. 많은 사람들은 요즘 사회가 커다란 도덕적 위기에 빠졌다고 걱정하지만 컴퓨터 사용과 관련된 윤리적 문제에 대해서는 심각하게 느끼지 못하고 있는 것 같다. 정보통신 기술의 발달에 따라 새로운 교육의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 기존의 전통적인 교육방식에서 사이버 윤리 교육은 교과서 중심의 단편적인 교육이었기 때문에 학습자의 흥미를 유발하지 못하였으며, 교육자와 학습자의 상호작용이 부족하여 사이버 윤리 교육의 효과가 미흡하였다. 정보통신 기술의 발달에 따라 새로운 교육의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 기존의 전통적인 교육방식에서 사이버 윤리 교육은 교과서 중심의 단편적인 교육이었기 때문에 학습자의 흥미를 유발하지 못하였으며, 교육자와 학습자의 상호작용이 부족하여 사이버 윤리 교육의 효과가 미흡하였다. 이런 관점에서 본 논문은 정보통신 시대가 수반하고 있는 사회적 영향력과 윤리적 이슈들에 대하여 좀더 교육적인 측면으로 접근해 윤리교육의 현황과 문제점, 그리고 체계적인 확산방안에 대해 살펴보았다. 본 논문에서는 사이버공간에서 윤리 교육을 받는 청소년들을 중심으로 그들에게 새로운 윤리교육의 한 형태인 사이버공간에서 관련된 문제들을 교육적인 측면으로 해결할 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 그러나, 무엇보다 우리가 명심해야 할 것은 인간의 존엄성은 그 어떤 이유를 막론하고 존중되어야 한다는 사실이다. 검증되지 않은 스토리 보드에 의한 저작 단계로 바로 돌입하고 있는 것이 한국의 실정이라 하겠다. 따라서 본 프로젝트에 의해 개발 된 교수 설계 도구는 교육/학습 컨텐츠의 품질 보증을 위한 방법론인 교육 공학의 체제적 교수 설계 이론 Model (Instructional System Design Model), 특히 그 중에서도 이 분야의 사실상의 표준 이론(de facto standard)인 Dick & Carey 교수와 Gagne 교수의 인지주의 ISD Model을 기반으로 정교한 교수 설계와 코스 맵 설계를 가능하게 함으로써 학습 컨텐츠의 품질 보증 활동을 지원 할 수 있는 도구로 개발하였다. 특히 Linux 기반에서 PHP로 개발 함으로써 Platform에 구애받지 않은 사용 환경을 구현 하였으며 향후 많은 e-Learning Platform에 교수 설계 모듈로 장착 함으로써 기존의 e-Learning Platform들의 가치를 높일 수 있는 계기가 될 것으로 생각한다.실징후를 파악하는데 그치지 않고 부실의 원인을 파악하고 이에 대한 대응 전략을 수립하며 그 결과를 측정하는데 활용될 수도 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기업의 부도예측 정보 중 현금흐름정보를 통하여 '인터넷기업의 미래 현금흐름측정, 부도예측신호효과, 부실원인파악, 비즈니스 모델의 성격규정 등을 할 수 있는가'를 검증하려고 한다. 협력체계 확립, ${\circled}3$ 전문인력 확보 및 인력구성 조정, 그리고 ${\circled}4$ 방문보건사업의 강화 등이다., 대사(代謝)와 관계(