• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.338-360
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• 1992

This study was performed to investigate the phonetic alterations with upper anterior teeth were missing. To compare the changes of the phonations, before and after insertion of the temporary prosthesis, six subjects who lost their upper anterior teeth were selected (2-male, 4-female). Tested sounds (/ga(가), na(나), da(다), ra(라), sa(사), ja(자), cha(차), ta(타), pa(파), ha(하), gi(기), ni(니), di(디), ri(리), si(시), jl(지), chi(치), ti(티), pi(피), hi(히), seu(스), se(세), so(소), su(수)/were programmed into an IBM AT with and without temporary prosthesis. These experiments were analyzed by formants, consonants durations, and energy level changes with an LSI speech work station program. During the pronunciation of the tested sounds (with and without temporary prosthesis), mandibular movements were recorded to a Mandibular Kinesiogram and analyzed . The findings led to the following conclusions: 1. Objective differences could not be found. However, in every informant, subjective improvement could be noticed. 2. There were no persistant correlations of the formant's changes. And in every informant, phonetic changes were variable. 3. There were various changes of the consonant durations in every informant. By and large, those of /si(시), jl(지), chi(치), Pi(피), hi(히)/ were longer than other tested sounds. After insertion of the prosthesis, durations were shorter. Consonants with /i(ㅣ)/ were longer than with /a(ㅏ)/, with or without prosthesis. 4. With and without temporary prosthesis, mandibular movements were various in the frontal view. Mandibular movements showed lateral deviations, and mandibular positions with /si(시), ji(지), ti(티), seu(스), hi(히)/ were nearer to the mandibular rest position. 5. The kinds of temporary prosthesis and conditions of the missing teeth influenced every informant variously, so there were no correlation between informants. 6. Energy levels increased in all tested sounds with a fixed temporary prosthesis. And, there were no differences between before and after insertion of a removable temporary prosthesis. However, sibilant sounds, and consonants with /i(ㅣ)/ showed a little increased energy level.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.2075-2082
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• 2006

This paper presents modeling and optimization techniques for hish efficiency solar cell process on single-crystalline float zone (FZ) wafers. Among a sequence of multiple steps of fabrication, the followings are the most sensitive steps for the contact formation: 1) Emitter formation by diffusion; 2) Anti-reflection-coating (ARC) with silicon nitride using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD); 3) Screen-printing for front and back metalization; and 4) Contact formation by firing. In order to increase the performance of solar cells in terms of efficiency, the contact formation process is modeled and optimized using neural networks and genetic algorithms, respectively. This paper utilizes the design of experiments (DOE) in contact formation to reduce process time and fabrication costs. The experiments were designed by using central composite design which consists of 24 factorial design augmented by 8 axial points with three center points. After contact formation process, the efficiency of the fabricated solar cell is modeled using neural networks. Established efficiency model is then used for the analysis of the process characteristics and process optimization for more efficient solar cell fabrication.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2012

The rice diseases occurring on the transgenic rice plant carrying protox gene (CPPO06) was assessed and compared with other varieties of rice such as Dongjin, Chucheong, Ilpeum, and Onnuri in the fields located in Cheongwon of Chungbuk, Suwon of Gyeunggi, and Gwangju of Chonnam. In the field of Cheongwon, the diseases such as blast, leaf spot, sheath blight and Fusarium blight were observed. False smut were observed only in the field of Suwon, where the ratio of diseased plants was 0.28% in CPPO06 and 0.37% in Onnuri, respectively. In the field of Gwangju, leaf spot caused by Cochlioborus miyabeanus was the most severely occurring disease among rice diseases mentioned above. Fusarium blight occurred in all the 3 fields, which were more severe in CPPO06 plants treated with or without oxadiazon as the herbicide. Except for Fusarium blight, there was no significant difference in the rice diseases as blast, leaf spot, sheath blight and false smut between CPPO06 and other rice varieties.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.63-69
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• 2017

This study describes the development of a long-distance hose for ultra-high pressure operation, which can be used in conjunction with an ultra-high pressure pump and can be effectively applied to the fire suppression of high-rise buildings and a long, large tunnels. Also, it has phosphorescent properties, which can help to secure the withdrawal route of the fire-fighters when they are threatened by the fire. We developed an ultra-high pressure hose aiming at a pressure of 3 MPa and a flow rate of 2000 lpm and developed an ultra-high pressure fire hose that can withstand this very high pressure by using a double jacket, triple polyurethane coating and warf (Wp) of 52. In order to ensure the performance of the developed ultra-high pressure hose, its structure, appearance, leakage at high pressure, length and elongation were inspected by a certified certification agency, who also subjected it to a peeling test, friction test, breaking pressure test and free fall test. Also, it was studied in addition to the luminescent high-pressure hose for fire-fighting. In the phosphorescence test, the luminance measurement value was more than the reference value of the luminance test after 40 minutes, which confirmed that its performance was satisfactory for fire-fighting products. In the future, if such an ultra-high pressure fire hose were commercialized and applied in the field, it could contribute to securing improved fire suppression and safer exit from fires, as compared to the fire hoses currently used in the suppression of fires in skyscraper buildings and long tunnels.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.104-116
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• 2021

In order to reduce the social and economic costs due to the increase in dementia patients, which is a representative senile disease in an aging society, it will be important to prevent dementia and to detect and treat early in high-risk groups. This study reported the results of treatment for the elderly with high risk of dementia and depression who received Korean medicine (KM) treatment in 9 KM clinics. Medical charts were surveyed on 116 patients with high risk of dementia and depression who received KM treatment at 9 KM clinics in Gangseo-gu from September 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. The majority of the patients were female(76.72%), the average age was 71.66±7.18 years old, and the average education level was 8.96±3.91 years. The average treatment period was 61.47±10.30 days, the average number of treatments was 15.38±1.06 times, and both acupuncture and herbal medicine were administered. After receiving KM treatment, cognitive assessment scores such as MMSE-DS and MoCA-K, depression-related GDSSF-K score, dementia knowledge, attitude, and preventive behavior, blood debilitation scale, and GQOL-D score were improved compared to before. There was no specific adverse reaction except that one patient with elevated AST and ALT levels was observed. This study showed improvement in cognitive function, depression, dementia-related scale, and quality of life in high-risk groups for dementia and depression over 60 years old who received KM treatment. More systematic and large-scale planned clinical studies will be needed.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 2021

Two specimens (1770~1850 mm disc width) of Mobula thurstoni, belonging to the family Myliobatidae, order Myliobatiformes, were first collected from the central coast of the Southern Sea of Korea in September 2018. This species is characterized by an anterior margin of disc with double curvature, a white-tipped dorsal fin, and the absence of a caudal spine. This species is morphologically similar to Mobula kuhlii, but has an anterior margin of pectoral fins with a double curvature and the dorsal coloration is bluish black rather than white. In addition, M. thurstoni was well distinguished from M. kuhlii as determined by mitochondrial DNA 16S rRNA sequences with genetic distances ranging from 0.030 to 0.069. The Korean name 'Mae-kkeun-kko-li-jwi-ga-o-li' is proposed for the species M. thurstoni.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.1193-1201
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• 2020

This study aims to develop a regression model that estimates a low-flow index that can be applied to ungauged basins. A total of 30 midsized basins in South Korea use long-term runoff data provided by the National Integrated Water Management System (NIWMS) to calculate average low-flow, average minimum streamflow, and low-flow index duration and frequency. This information is used in the correlation analysis with 18 basin factors and 3 climate change factors to identify the basin area, average basin altitude, average basin slope, water system density, runoff curve number, annual evapotranspiration, and annual precipitation in the low-flow index regression model. This study evaluates the model's accuracy by using the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and the mean absolute error (MAE) for 10 ungauged, verified basins and compares them with the previous model's low-flow calculations to determine the effectiveness of the newly developed model. Comparative analysis indicates that the new regression model produces average low-flow, attributed to the consideration of varied basin and hydrologic factors during the new model's development.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.246-255
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• 2023

Public conflicts in the port sector can cause additional social costs and delay the supply of port infrastructure, which can negatively affect local industries and national competitiveness. Although the importance of conflict management in the port sector is gradually increasing, there is still no systematic conflict management countermeasure. Therefore, in this study, the limitations of the current conflict management system in the port sector were considered, and a Delphi survey was conducted targeting experts and stakeholders in the port sector and conflict management. In addition, criteria for diagnosing conflicts in the port sector, causes of conflicts, proactive management measures, and ex post solutions were derived. The results of the Delphi survey analysis showed that the biggest causes of conflict were the absence of stakeholder opinion collection, consultation, and communication tools. Preliminary conflict management measures including a public deliberation process to collect local opinions and discuss development directions before deciding on specific issues, and ex post conflict resolution measures including investigation of causes of conflicts and objective personnel management in the process of preparing alternatives (e.g., securing reliability) were determined as the most important factors. In addition, based on the results obtained in this study, conflict management techniques for each phase of the port development project were presented. These findings are expected to be used as a useful reference material to reflect the port sector, which has not been included in the "Public Institution Conflict Management Manual (2016)" of the Office for Government Policy Coordination.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.57 no.9
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• pp.599-613
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• 2024

Unlike other disasters, the water shortage problem caused by drought is characterized by the long-lasting ripple effect of the social and economic sectors in all regions of Korea, and the types and purposes of water mainly used are different depending on the type of region, so the factors and scale of water shortage damage are different. In this study, a methodology to evaluate the risk of water shortage based on socioeconomic characteristics was developed and applied to Gwangju and Jeollanam-do to analyze the results. To this end, 20 impact indicators for risk, exposure, and vulnerability items were selected according to the climate risk concept of IPCC AR6. The results of the water shortage risk evaluation reflecting socioeconomic characteristics were different from the risk results considering only the existing meteorological and hydrological factors. The areas with the greatest risk of water shortage were calculated as Yeonggwang-eup in Yeonggwang-gun, Yeonsan-dong and Haean-dong 4-ga in Mokpo-si, Jeokryang-dong in Yeosu-si and Geumsan-myeon in Goheung-si. Through the evaluation results, risk factors and countermeasures for water shortage were derived in consideration of detailed characteristics of the region, which can be used as data contributing to the establishment of measures to reduce drought damage tailored to the region in the future.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 2018

The study was conducted to determine effects on forage productivity, feed value, grazing intensity and livestock productivity in growing Korean native female goat grazing in native pasture. Its with average initial body weight of $14.10{\pm}3.6kg$ and an average age of 4 months were used in this study. Dry matter content of native pasture was the highest at $33.48{\pm}2.56%$ in June, and the content was significantly increased from spring to autumn (p<0.05). Crude protein was maintained between 11% and 12% on average. Nutrient content was maintained at a certain level in native pasture, but there were differences due to the different types of wild grasses produced in each season. The productivity of forage crops increased from June, but decreased after August and showed a characteristic of grassland where productivity decreased rapidly in spring and autumn. The average grazing intensity are 39 head/ha. Black goat average daily gain was 80.2g/d. The stable weight gain in grazing is that the nutrient requirement of the black goat was met by supplementing the concentrated feed during grazing. study, can be expected that the productivity of livestock can be increased through the proper feeding of supplementary feed and maintenance of grazing intensity.