• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.78-96
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to provide clinical evidence of Korean medicine for febrile seizure by review of randomized controlled trials on the effect of TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) for febrile seizure. Methods We searched randomized controlled trials about TCM treatment of febrile seizure from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) (January 2008 to June 2016). The selected literatures were assessed by Jadad scale. Results 40 papers were selected from 160 studies. Analyses of selected studies indicated that the TCM treatment group has significantly higher cure rate for febrile seizure than first aid or western medicine group. The most commonly used herbs were Gardeniae Fructus (梔子), Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis (鉤藤), Cornus Gazeliae (羚羊角), Margarita (珍珠), Scutellariae Radix (黃芩), Glycyrrhizae Radix (甘草). The most commonly used acupoints were GV26 (人中), LI4 (合谷), KI1 (湧泉), GV20 (百會). There were no serious adverse events reported from the TCM treatment group during the treatment period. Conclusions TCM has been shown as not only effective but also safe treatment on febrile seizure. This finding can be widely utilized in clinical practice and can form the basis for development of clinical practice guidelines in future.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.87-101
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• 2023

Objectives: Many acupuncture points have been suggested for the treatment of Bell's palsy, but information on which acupuncture points are more important in treatment is not provided. This study was conducted to investigate the importance of acupuncture points currently used clinically in Bell's palsy. Methods: By reviewing the full text of 11 books that recorded acupuncture prescriptions from the Qin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the frequency of use of acupuncture points, their meridians, and their location were investigated. Results: The average number of acupuncture points used for local, adjacent and distal points selection was 10.5, 2, 4 respectively. The number of acupuncture points increased from the Qin Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty 《Bojaebang》 and then decreased, but the proportion of local points has been still high. From the Ming Dynasty, ST4, ST6, GV26, and GV24 were mainly have been used as the local points. Except for the GB12, the use of the rest of the acupuncture points gradually decreased in the adjacent points. In the distal acupuncture points, it was summarized to point of lung and large intestine channel until the Ming Dynasty, and LI4 was mainly used in the Qing Dynasty. Yangming meridian has been most often used at the local and distal area except for the adjacent area. Conclusions: In the treatment of facial paralysis, the lower part of the face had the highest proportion among local acupuncture points, and the Yangming had the highest proportion by meridian.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was performed to compare the effects between Mountain-burning fire method and Heaven-penetrating cooling method on thermographic change. Materials and Methods : The experiment was conducted to 20 students of College of Oriental Medicine, Woosuk University from July 12, 2011 to July 26, 2011. Acupuncture stimulation was applied at left $Zusanli$($ST_{36}$) with Mountain-burning fire method in A group(n=10) and Heaven-penetrating cooling method in B group (n=10). To estimate thermographic change, temperature of left $Zusanli$($ST_{36}$), $Shuigou$($GV_{26}$), $Zhongwan$($CV_{12}$) were measured by DITI(digital infrared thermographic image) before acupuncture stimulation and 30sec, 10min after needle removal. Results : In A group, the temperature of left $Zusanli$($ST_{36}$), $Shuigou$($GV_{26}$), $Zhongwan$($CV_{12}$) were decreased at 30sec after needle removal, statistically. And the temperature of $Zusanli$($ST_{36}$), $Zhongwan$($CV_{12}$) were decreased at 10min after needle removal, statistically. In B group, the temperature of $Zusanli$($ST_{36}$), $Zhongwan$($CV_{12}$) were decreased at 10min after needle removal, statistically. But, there was no significant difference between two groups on thermographic change, statistically Conclusions : Acupuncture stimulation applied at left $Zusanli$($ST_{36}$) with Mountain-burning fire method has more widespread effects than Heaven-penetrating cooling method. But further studies will be needed such as thermographic change with no stimulation and with more subjects.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2002

The objective of this study was to determine the developmental competence of in vitro matured oocytes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) with epididymal spermatozoa. The ovaries were obtained from slaughtered small species dogs. Oocytes matured in vitro for 24 hrs were fertilized by ICSI with epididymal spermatozoa. After ICSI, one group of oocytes was activated with 2.0 mM dimethylaminopurine or 7% ethanol for 5 min. and second group was not activated. The follicular oocytes were cultured in synthetic oviductal fluid(SOF) and TCM-199 medium containing hormones and 10% FCS for 24~48 hrs in a incubator with 5% $CO_2$ in air at 38.5$^{\circ}C$. 1. Results of IVM showed that the percentage of oocytes reaching MII after 24 h and 48 hrs of incubation were significantly higher(p<0.05) after culture with 48 hrs(9/30, 30.0%) than that after culture with 24hrs(a/30, 26.7%). 2. Results of IVM showed that the percentage of oocytes reaching MII after 48 hrs of incubation were significantly higher(p<0.05) after culture with SOF media(10/30, 30.3%) than TCM-199 media (7/30, 23.3%). 3. The rate of cleavaged embryos to blastocyst obtained by ICSI treated activation oocytes was significantly higher(p<0.05) than that of nonactivation oocytes(5/16, 25.0% vs 1/13, 5.0%). 4. The rates of development of cleavaged embryos to blastocyst obtained by ICSI treated sperm of fresh, epididymal and frozen-thawed epididymal were 8/18(44.43%), 5/16(31.3%), 2/14(14.3%), respectively. and these values of frozen-thawed epididymal sperm injection were lower than fresh sperm injection.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.202-210
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• 2004

Objective: In order to find oriental medical therapies on Parkinson's disease and to make a fundamental basis for clinical application, this study was performed. Methods: We reviewed 35 kinds of the ancient and modern text, and related articles. Results: Parkinson's disease is an extrapyramidal disease characterized by akinesia, tremor at rest, rigidity, and slowness of movement. In old oriental medical text, Parkinson's disease is described as Jinjeon(振顫), Chi, Gyeong (痙), Gyejong, Ryeon(攣) and Pyeongo(偏枯), Tantan, Jungbu(中腑症) of Jungpung(中風). According to the text, major pathological causes were Wind(風), Fire(火), Phlegm(痰), and Blood stasis(瘀血). And Parkinson's disease can be classified into four clinical types as liver & kidney yin-deficiency, qi & blood deficiency, retention of phlegm-heat, and qi-stagnation & blood stasis. Standardized acupuncture points are GV20, GB20, GV14 on head, CV12, ST25 on abdomen, GV26, ST7, GB1, S14, LI20 on face, LI4, LI11, TE5, SI3, HT3, LI15, SI6 on upper extremity, and ST36, GB34, SP6, LR3, KI1, GB30, BL40 on lower extremity. Other methods, such as scalp acupuncture, electro-acupuncture, and herb-acupuncture, can be applied to treat Parkinson's disease. Conclusions: We find out that there are oriental medical concepts related with Parkinson's disease such as Jinjeon(振顫), Chi, Gyeong (痙), Gyejong, Ryeon(攣) and Pyeongo(偏枯), Tantan, Jungbu(中腑症) of Jungpung(中風), of which major causes are Wind(風), Fire(火), Phlegm(痰), and Blood stasis(瘀血). We can also apply many effective acupuncture points and acupuncture therapies according to differential diagnosis, for example, liver & kidney yin-deficiency. qi & blood deficiency, retention of phlegm-heat, and qi-stagnation & blood stasis.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.55-68
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• 2009

Objectives : To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi pharmacopuncture in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory rat model. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups; LPS control (n=6), LPS+Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi pharmacopuncture at BL23 (n=6, BL23), LPS+Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi pharmacopuncture at CV12 (n=6, CV12), and LPS+Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi pharmacopuncture at GV4 (n=6, GV4). Pharmacopuncture was given every two days for 4 weeks followed by inflammation induction by intraperitoneal LPS injection (5mg/kg). Blood, liver tissue, and peritoneal lavage fluid were taken and proinflammatory cytokines and other related factors were analysed. Results : For proinflammatory cytokines, CV12 pharmacopuncture group was significantly different compared with the control group in plasma IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, and IL-10 5 h after LPS injection (P<0.05). For plasma IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6, CV12 pharmacopuncture group also showed significant difference at 2 h compared with the control (P<0.05). GV4 pharmacopuncture group was significantly different compared with the control at 5 h in plasma IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-$\alpha$ and at 2 h in IL-10 (P<0.05). Liver cytokines were analyzed at 5 h after LPS injection; only CV12 pharmacopuncture group showed significant difference in IL-$1{\beta}$ (P<0.05) and others including IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, and IL-10 had no difference compared with the control group. CD4/CD8 ratio and the phagocytic activities of polymorphonuclear neutrophils were not different from those of control group in all pharmacopuncture groups (P>0.05). Plasma NO3-/NO2- and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 of CV12 pharmacopuncture group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). In the plasma concentration of prostaglandin E2, all 3 pharmacopuncture groups had significantly lower values than that of the control group (P<0.05), but there was no difference among pharmacopucnture groups. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and cytokine-induced neutorphil chemoattractant-1 in peritoneal lavage fluid was significantly decreased in CV12 pharmacopuncture group compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions : These results indicate that Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi pharmacopuncture at CV12 may have a potent anti-inflammatory effect in an LPS-induced inflammatory rat model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2008

The gas-liquid mass transfer volumetric coefficients in gas-liquid agitated vessels with wire gauge impellers were measured to be compared with those in vessels with disk turbine and paddle impellers. Also mass transfer volumetric coefficients for disk turbine, paddle impeller and wire gauge impeller in cylindrical agitated vessel was measured over a wide range of Reynolds number from turbulent flow to transition regions. The effect of geometries on $k_La$ is clarified experimentally. Mass transfer volumetric coefficients $k_La$ depends only on the power consumption ($P_{gv}+P_{av}$) per unit volume.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.225-231
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• 2001

Objective : Modern acupuncture research often utilizes the methodology of animal experiment where animal acupoints(AA) are stimulated and the results observed. There hasn't been any consensus on the AA locations yet, but it is integral for the locations to be defined in detail for any animal experiment. Methods : The review of 24 original articles published in the Journal of Korean Acupuncture and Moxibustion Society for recent one year which utilized animal experiment methodology revealed that AA are located primarily by the method of transposition from human acupoints. Only a few of those AA were defined in detail. ST-36, CV-12, GB-34, BL-23 were among the most frequently used AA. Results & Conculsion : Transpositional Ⅲ acupoint system of mouse is proposed, which includes 3 points of LU meridian, 4 of LI, 10 of ST, 8 of SP, 3 of HT, 4 of SI, 26 of BL, 2 of KI, 4 of PC, 3 of TE, I1 of GB, 6 of LR, 8 of CV and 19 of GV.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

Objectives: The Samguchup is a plaster therapy in winter to prevent and treat diseases occurring frequently in the winter. Studies on samguchup published in China were analyzed for our study in order to utilize in Korea. Methods: 15 studies with keywords such as 'Sanjiutie' or 'Dongbingdongzhi' published in CAJ (China Academic Journal) until July 31, 2012 were compared, in terms of clinical effects, herbs, acupoints, attatching time, and accompanying treatment. Results: Treatment rate ranged from 65% to 92.65%, in recurrent respiratory infection, cough, allergic rhinitis, asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sleep apnea, and rheumatic arthritis. The herbs used more than 5 times were Semen Sinapis Albae, Herba Asari, Ginger juice, Radix Kansui, and Rhizoma Corydalis. The acupoints used more than 5 times were BL13, BL23, GV14, CV17, CV22, and EX-B1. The attaching time were usually 4 hours, but shorter for child. The Sambokchup, Korean medicine, moxibustion on ginger, drug(western medicine), injection, and inhalation were used as accompanying treatment. Conclusions Appropriate use of Samguchup is necessary to treat or prevent diseases in winter.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.113-122
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• 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study was to invigorate the use of infrared thermal imaging apparatus as a diagnostic tool in Oriental medicine by providing standard temperature on specific acupoints. Methods: Subjects for the study was recruited through an advertisement in the school homepage(www.sangji.ac.kr) explaining the objectives and methods. 100 volunteers agreeing to terms were selected and measured the full body thermal image. Common acupoints used in the clinical surrounding were chosen and final 63 acupoints were selected for the measurement. Male/female and right/left readings were obtained for the analysis. Results: Following results were obtained from analyzing the body temperature of 50 male subjects and 50 female subjects 1. Subjects participating in the study ranged from 19 years of age to 44 years. Median male age at $26.86{\pm}6.02$ and female age at $22.88{\pm}2.74$, respectively. 2. For all acupoints, no significant differences were witnessed between the gender and right, left side of the body. 3. 10 acupoints from the facial region(18 bilateral), 8 acupoints from the chest/abdomen region(10 bilateral), 6 acupoints from the back region(11 bilateral), 17 acupoints from the upper extremity(34 bilateral), and 22 acupoints from the lower extremity(44 bilateral) were chosen. 4. In the facial region, BL2 showed the highest temperature and GV26 showed the lowest. 5. In the chest/abdomen region, CV22 showed the highest temperature and CV6 showed the lowest. 6. In the back region, GV14 showed the highest temperature and BL23 showed the lowest. 7. In the upper extremity region, jianqian(extra point) showed the highest temperature and baxie(extra point) showed the lowest. 8. In the lower extremity region, KI1 and bafeng(extra point) shoed the highest temperature and BL40 showed the lowest. Conclusions: Based on the standard body temperature measured on specific acupoints throughout the body, we hope these findings can trigger further studies on applications of infrared thermal imaging and clinical usage in the field of oriental medicine.