• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.2 s.60
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• pp.165-172
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• 2005

Button layout of mobile phone depends on the manufacturer and is going to be characterized in it's own way. So, there is not a standard layout except for numeric part. It is due to the lack of study on physical user interface and methodology to develop a design guideline. This study focuses on suggesting a methodology for development of button layout for mobile phone in term of physical user interface. The methodology of this study starts from scenarios of mobile phone usage. Operational sequences of 4 scenarios for 5 models are gathered based on the user manual. Proximity of each buttons is calculated according to the operational sequence. One of 5 models is selected and benchmarked by evaluating operational path. Considerations and directions are implicated to develop new solution alternatives. After evaluation of them, one of alternatives is suggested as an optimized button layout for mobile phone. This study focuses on an attempt to suggest a methodology of UI development in the matter of physical user interface, and a simple and easy way to be adopted and used at product designer level, compared to existing UI methodology for the expert.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.10-20
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• 2014

This study was carried out for the purpose of analysis correlations between street furniture design elements and preference of street furniture. This research analyzed the various street furniture set on Ilsan new town street, which are rest, hygiene, light, information, sale, traffic, and landscape. This study has processed by analysing street furniture literature investigation and consideration of theory. First, for analysed effect of street furniture element, has been appear as element 'relaxation facilities', 'information facilities', landscape facilities' mainly effect on street. Specially, 'rest', 'landscape', 'information' in order had a major influence on scenery. Each kind of 'chair elements' in rest facilities, 'sign board' in information facilities, 'sculpture', 'fountain' in 'landscape facilities' has analyzed as the main elements in the landscape affinity property affecting factor. Second, the results of analyzed landscape elements (shape, colour, texture, scale) affect to the affinity of street furniture. chair which are included in rest facilities affect "texture", "form", "scale", "color" in the order of preference of the molding design elements that influence landscape. Particularly, showed statistically significant on 'colour' element affecting the landscape preference than the other three elements. It means as the chair element which is rest facilities mainly affect on preferences, rather than texture, form, scale, colour. Monument in the landscape associated with a preference 'colour', 'shape', 'texture' 'scale' and appears to be in order of impact so we could get the consequence like chair and rest facilities show different aspects of the respectively. It means, visual element which are colour and shape significantly impact on landscape preferences. Third, information facilities such as signboard formative elements of landscape design preferences and correlation with negative showed that the correlation. That mean if the sign board is very negative influence on landscape preferences and the correlations of the design formative elements appear in order of 'scale', 'colour', 'texture'. It also means that the 'scale' namely the size of advertising material and colour are adversely affected in terms of landscape. As these results, when design street furniture as the street scenery, facilities according to the kind of the shape element and need to focus on relative shape element according to the kind of facilities difference. Finally, so far as to clarify the street furniture, mainly 'function' and 'system' classification shows undesirable in outdoor scape. Thus, performed studies in relationship with landscape, classify 'kind of facilities' is more desirable than 'system'.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2001

This research is primarily intended to develop a decision-making support system about the natural environment in the country by integrating various formats of spatial data into a comprehensive GIS database. The first part of the research is to design GIS database as a means of combining thematic cartographic data with field survey records. Ecosystem records acquired by a field sampling have been reproduced as digital thematic maps. The database also included various natural environment related data (map for forestry, soil, national park etc.) collected from many other agencies. The second part of the research is devoted to the design of efficient man-machine interfaces. A key concern in the GUI (graphic user interface) design process was to address the need to handle and to manage large databases by non-GIS experts. The system has been checked experimentally, enabled the users to quarry the data required simply and execute spatial analysis accommodating versatile alternatives in decision-making process. Detailed visual maps can be generated over large areas quickly and easily. The system will serve to increase the scientific and objective decision-making by overcoming serious constraints suffered from the past non-GIS-based approach. It is anticipated that this research output could be used as a valuable reference in building a nationwide natural environment GIS-DB (database) in the central and local governments.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.822-826
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• 2010

홍수피해저감 대책의 우선순위 결정은 시스템 차원에서 접근해야 한다. 홍수피해저감 사업을 분야별로 분리하여 분석하면 숲을 보지 못하고 산을 판단하는 오류를 범할 수 있다. 홍수피해 최소화를 위한 여러 전문 분야별 대안 분석도 중요하지만, 시스템 차원에서 홍수피해 저감 방안을 파악하고 대책을 수립해야 한다. 따라서 본 시스템의 개발 목적은 최적의 홍수피해저감 대책을 결정하는 데 있어 각각의 개별 정보를 공유하고, 의사결정 지원에 필요한 시스템을 구축하는 데 있다. 본 연구에서 제시한 홍수방어 대책 통합평가시스템은 수문학적 홍수분석 모형을 비롯하여 수리학적 홍수분석 모형, 의사결정지원 시스템이 통합되어 단일 시스템으로 구축되며 이를 위해서는 구체적인 사용자 요구파악과 관련 업무 프로세스 분석을 통한 전체적인 시스템 구조 설계가 중요하다. 홍수방어 대책 통합평가시스템의 핵심 요소는 1) GIS입력 모듈, 2) Fuzzy 알고리즘 모듈, 3) MCDA 알고리즘 모듈, 4) 결과표출 모듈 등 네 가지이다. 여기서 첫 번째 모듈은 GIS 입력 모듈로써 최적 방안 도출을 위한 빈도별 홍수터, 홍수심, 토지이용도 등과 같은 일련의 GIS 기초자료를 제공한다. 두 번째 단계는 퍼지화된 MCDA 모듈을 수행하기 위한 퍼지 알고리즘 및 퍼지 연산을 위한 내부 코딩이 이루어지는 단계로써 사용자 요구 사항에 따른 연산이 가능하다. 세 번째 단계는 최적 방안을 모색하는 MCDA 알고리즘과 연산 수행을 위한 세부 모듈로 구성됐다. 마지막 네 번째 단계는 모형과 DB간의 연계절차로써 사용자가 직접 운영하는 GUI 부분으로써 사용자의 요구 사항을 비롯하여 모형의 특징을 Matlab 프로그램으로 각각의 화면을 디자인한다. 이 단계에서는 모형을 수행하기 위한 DB가 구축되며 사용자의 요구에 의한 맞춤형 분석이 가능하도록 구성됐다. 통합시스템을 통한 의사결정과정의 합리성은 선택된 최적의 홍수저감대책의 사회 경제적 수용성은 물론 의사결정과정의 투명성을 높일 수 있을 것이다.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1317-1322
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• 2018

In order to complete the AR UI design simply and quickly, the usable factors were studied in this thesis. The primary aim of interface design is to increase the usability. The various factors should be considered together when we evaluate the usability. The idealized usable working model is based on user-centered with the aim of perceiving the interests of users, operating easily and completing targets. In order to ensure the types of usable factors, literature survey method had been used and a total of 85 usable factors had been collected by this survey. To make the usable factors can adapt the augmented reality, the concept of factors should be redefined. We extract the items which is adaptable and user-centered, combine or delete the items that have the same meanings and finally select 25 usable evaluative factors. Then we take HCI professional as the object and collect the data by Heuristic Evaluation. We systematize the usable factors by Principal Component Analysis, and observe the correlation between the usable factors and classify those which have high correlation.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.139-145
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• 2022

As products that consumers want become more diverse, the types of automation equipment are becoming more diverse and advanced to produce competitive products. In general, equipment is manufactured with built-in interface devices (HMI) for users so that operators can efficiently monitor and operate equipment quickly. Because HMI devices are connected to various industrial controllers, elements such as communication protocols of various controllers must be understood and set up in the design stage. Non-experts not only have difficulty choosing compatible items among various protocols, but also have limitations in integrating and operating on one device because screens and settings are statically assigned. This paper proposes a model that can scan information such as equipment ID and communication protocol with QR code using a mobile device, access industrial controller, and remotely operate the displayed equipment screen. The proposed model is expected to increase efficiency in inspection and management of automated equipment as it can easily set, monitor, and operate the communication environment of various automated equipment using one mobile device.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.79-87
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• 2017

Differ from elder generation, active senior possesses the active characteristics of young people. In this research, the active senior users' UX problem was analyzed by Sundar's 'Interface Assessment'. According to Interface Assessment, the user's subjective user experience in GUI interactive can be divided into five elements, which are 'Visible', 'Desired Outcome', 'Immediate Feedback', 'Intuitiveness', 'Perceived Ease of Use'. Based on these five elements, user's behavior and perception experience during interface using were analyzed to classify UX problems. Next, Correlation Analysis was conducted to find out the relationship between the elements of Interface Assessment and user's subjective experience using PSSUQ as comparing data, and SPSS 22 version as statistic software. The result of this research was presented below: First, active senior user's biggest UX problem can be classified with 'Desired Outcome' in App using. Second, the correlation between the two elements, 'Desired Outcome', 'Perceived Ease of Use', and the PSSUQ result was statistically significant, but the correlation between the other three elements, 'Visible', 'Immediate Feedback', 'Intuitiveness', and the PSSUQ result were not statistically significant. According to the result, active senior users do have different characteristics compared with elder generation. The UX problems classified with 'Desired Outcome' and 'Perceived ease of use' apparently affect user's subjective experience, while the problems classified with 'Visible', 'Immediate feedback', 'Intuitiveness' show no evidence in affecting user's subjective experience. This phenomenon could be explained by the cumulative effects of PC or smartphone use. Through the analysis of multiple UX elements in this paper, better App interface could be developed according to active senior's needs.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.121-136
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to present a new research method of stage costume by designing and making the stage costume of Yean-GaeSoMoon(淵蓋蘇文) in Peking Opera Du Mu Guan (Korean; Dog Mog Guan, 獨木關). The stage costume of Peking Opera was formed on the basis of the Chinese traditional stage costume in the Qing period, however the style of stage costume was beautified the costume of Ming period and here contained the factors of successive costumes. But the stage costume of Peking Opera didn't have the same rank system with real history costume and didn't have demarcation according to period and history. In the stage costume of Peking Opera, the color is cultural language that can inform spectators of sex, age, personality, position of characters. The pattern of decoration also symboled the personality and characteristic of the character. Yean-GaeSoMoon in the play wore green armour (Chinese; ru ying kao 綠硬靠), red pants (Chinese; hong ku 紅褲), red mustache (Chinese; hong ran kou 紅髥口), crown (Chinese; da e zi 大額子), shoes (Chinese; hou di xue 厚底靴) and Xue RenGui wore white armour (Chinese; baikao 白靠), red pants (Chinese; hong ku 紅褲), shoes (Chinese; hou di xue 厚底靴), hat (Chinese; za jin 扎巾). By historical materials, Yean-GaeSoMoon was a nationalist who uphold national sprit and the greatest hero of the age and a charismatic politician who combines literatural arts with military arts. Considering these reviews, defined the thema of his new costumes' image as "the flying bird which has three legs"(三足鳥), the bird which symbolized the sun and immortality in Koguryo fresco. On the basis of this image, presented three types of Yean-GaeSoMoon's stage costume. Yean-GaeSoMoon as the minister in the court wore black gown (Chinese; mang pao 蟒袍) of dargon pattern which symbolizes harisma who opening the heaven. He as the general who directs war wore red mantle (Chinese; dou peng 斗蓬) which symbolizes the blue dragon that soaring into the sky, as the officer who fights the enemy's general wore green armour (Chinese; gai liang jia 改良甲), red pants (Chinese; hong ku 紅褲) which symbolizes the flying Sward that blowing violently. By wearing these stage costumes, the image of Yean-GaeSoMoon could changed from the fierce general of minority race who likes to fight, to the Koguryo general who fights against enemy at the risk of his life for Koguryo's autonomy. Through this study once again we could realized that stage costume played very mportant part In outstnding the characteristic of actor in the Peking Opera.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.119-128
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• 2006

The scale of visual expression has expanded from freeze frame to motion picture as media have developed. Moving pictures such as animation, movies, TV CM and GUI become formative elements whose movement is necessary compared to freeze frame as apparent movement phenomenon and unit structure such as short and scene appear. Therefore, of formative elements such as a shape, color, space, size and movement, movement is importantly distinguished in the moving image. The expression and form of image as a relationship between the signified and signifier explained by Saussure are accepted as a sign by mutual complement even though they limit the content. This makes it possible to infer that the formal feature of movement participates in the message content. To verify this, the result of moving picture visual perception experiment based on the gestalt grouping principle result shows that 70-80 percent of subjects think that 'movement' is the important grouping clue in perception. Movement affects the maintenance of the context of message content in the communication process when the meaning structure of moving picture is analyzed based on the structural feature. The identity can be maintained with if there is a movement with similar directive point even if the color and shape of people, things and background are changed. Second, the clarity of the content is elevated by a distinguished object as a figure by movement. Third, it acts as a knowledge representation which can predict similar movement process of next information processing. Forth, movement gives the content consistency even though more than two scenes have fast switch and complicated editing structure like cross-cutting. Movement becomes a clue which can make grouping information input by visual perception reaction. Also, it gives the order to the visual expression which can be used improperly by formation of structural frame of image message and has the effectiveness which elevates the clarity of signification. Moving picture has discourse with several mixed unit structures because it fundamentally contains time and the common and distinguished expression is needed by media-mix circumstances. Therefore, by the application of gestalt grouping principle to moving picture field, movement becomes the more distinguished than other formative elements and affects the formation of meaning structure. This study propose a viewpoint that develops structural formative beauty and new image expression in the media image field.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.385-394
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• 2003

An investigation by KRNIC (Korea Network Information Center) on the real state of usage of internet has shown that 96.9％ of children investigated had experiences of using internet. Especially the firstly ranked item that had been answered by children as a necessity of internet was 'Studying to solve tasks' rated by 83.9％. As seen from the research result, the need as a homework sonics is actually so dominant that it cannot be ignored when considering the profitability at the area of education contents, but any profound research has not been accomplished yet. Internet has been positioned as a more effective and fruitful learning tool, and also all activities done by users for exploring informations and choosing learning items under the on-line circumstances are based on the successive mutual reactions between users and computers. Up to now much of the web based learning circumstances has been introducing the User Interface using metaphor, and the same is found dominantly from the sites for children. But in spite of the availability of metaphor mentioned above the current status is much lack of profound researches about metaphor interface; and what is more, in the case of the site for elementary school students the gap of the ability recognizing metaphor is very large between lower classes and higher classes according to the degree of mental growth but that is used to be simply ignored, then a common concept is adapted to interface for all grades of classes and moreover for infant and kindergarten without any objections. Based on foregoing problems this research has put the main focus on the groping and presenting desirable directions on the prospect design of interface for children-oriented sites by analyzing the status of practical usage of metaphor interface in the field of the sites for children-oriented learning sites with concentration upon homework supporting domains.