• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.730-740
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• 2020

This feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of Mentha arvensis (MA) and Geranium thunbergii (GT) in drinking water on physicochemical attributes, sensory qualities, proximate analysis and oxidative stability of broiler leg meat. One hundred and twenty broiler chicks were assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments for 5 weeks. The dietary treatments were 1) control, 2) T1 (0.1% 1 MA:1 GT), 3) T2 (0.1% 1 MA:4 GT), 4) T3 (0.1% 4 MA: 1 GT). The water holding capacity and cooking loss were improved (p < 0.05) in T2 and T3. The flavor, texture and acceptability of leg meat by consumers were significantly increased in T2 relative to the control (p < 0.05). The crude protein content was increased in T3 while the crude fat decreased in T2 (p < 0.05). Moreover, broilers supplemented with plant extracts had the lowest leg meat TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) values after 2 weeks of storage as compared with the control. Total phenolic contents and 1-1-diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity were also better in the T2 group (p < 0.05) compared with the control, whereas 2,2-Azinobis-3 ethytlbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS⁺) remained unaffected. Overall, these results demonstrate that broiler drinking water with the inclusion of plant extract combination can be used to enhance the oxidative stability, shelf life and quality characteristics of broiler leg meat without compromising the growth performance.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.192-203
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• 2016

Uganda is a country blessed with the biggest number of mountain Gorillas in the whole world. These animals contribute at least 12% in revenue generation to the Tourism sector through tracking by both local and foreign tourists who pay for the tracking permits. However, Gorilla tracking is also a big challenge even in the presence of highly skilled and well-trained game rangers. Development and implementation of a secure Computer and Mobile based Gorilla Tracking (GT) system that uses GIS and GPS technologies would be the most ideal technology to use. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the critical factors that would affect the Behavioral Intention of the would-be users to successfully decide to use such GIS/GPS-GT system. We used the existing UTAUT model to integrate six factors such as Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Employee Peer Influence, Facilitating Conditions, Behavioral Intention and System Use. However, Infrastructure Availability and Non-Technical Facilitating Conditions were added to reflect Ugandan ICT context. This amended UTAUT model was used to carry out the survey. The questionnaire was emailed to 220 government employees in the fields of ICT, Tour and Travel, Environmental Groups officials and Farmers who garden near the game reserves. A total of 133 were obtained fully completed, whereas 127 were deemed usable thus yielding a response rate of 58%. The analysis results show that except for non-technical facilitating conditions, effort expectancy, peer influence, performance expectancy and infrastructure availability positively affects behavioral Intention to use GIS/GPS-GT. This indicates that people in Uganda don't bother about regulations and rules in regard to using information system. As long as the system does what they want it to, anything else does not matter. As an employee in an organization is told to use a system by their supervisor, they have no objection to otherwise they risk losing their job. This implies that, supervisors have a great responsibility in the process of developing, implementing and using the system in Uganda.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2004

The type of trichomes, their density and pattern of distribution on leaves of 16 genotypes of mulberry, belonging to both diploid and polyploid categories, were studied by scanning electron microscope. The present investigation was undertaken to find out the relationship of physical attributes, especially the density and trichome types with higher acceptability and better rearing performance by the silkworm Bombyx-mori L. Two types of trichomes glandular and non-glandular types were observed on both the leaf surfaces of all the mulberry genotypes studied. In general, greater densities of trichomes were observed on the abaxial surface than the adaxial surface of leaves in most of the genotypes. Distribution of glandular trichomes were more in abaxial surface and non-glandular trichomes were more in adaxial surface. Overall, distribution of glandular and non-glandular trichomes per unit area of leaf did not follow any regular pattern. When leaves of those genotypes were fed to silkworms, trichome density was found to be significantly negatively correlated with the survival of larvae i.e., effective rate of rearing, but trichome density did not influence the economic characters of rearing. As the distribution of glandular trichomes (GT) and non-glandular trichomes (NGT) did not follow any definite pattern, no relation could be established between the GT and NGT densities with silkworm rearing performance. However, the ratio of GT and NGT in a particular genotype influenced the rearing parameters, higher the ratios better the rearing performance. High GT and NGT ratio (＞1.00) was found positively significant when correlated with economic parameters viz., larval weight, single cocoon weight and single shell weight. The study is useful in screening different mulberry genotypes for their better acceptability to silk-worm and higher rearing performance at the early stage of selection without actually conducting the rearing.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.937-949
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• 2008

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the anti-hepatotoxic effect of ginseng in rats induced with CC14 or TCDD, the toxicities that cause liver damages. Primary studies were collected from the ScienceDirect database, the DBpia, and the KISS. The data on the effect factors in plasma and in enzyme are listed as many as possible: The effect factors were alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST), liver aminopyrine N-demethylase(AD), liver aniline hydroxylase(AH), liver 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine(liver MDA), cytochrome P450(P450), serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP), serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), cytochrome b5(Cyto b5), glutathione reductase (GR), Liver glutathione S-transferase(GST), liver glutamyltransferase (GT), Liver($\gamma$-GCS), serum liver 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine(serum MDA), serum sorbitol dehydrogenase(SDH), serum total protein(TP), and serum $\gamma$-glutamyltransferase($\gamma$-GT). In order to investigate the effect of ginseng, the standard mean difference(HG) between the group of rats induced with toxicity(RH) and the group of rats induced with ginseng(RHG) were combined, and the significance of HGs were tested. The combined HGs checked the biases caused by heterogeneity among studies and the publication biases. Then they were adjusted by using the random effect model and trim and fill method. Although the publication biases were assumed, among all plasma factors the HGs of ALT, AST, serum MDA, SDH, TP, and $\gamma$-GT were significant, and among all enzyme factors the HGs of liver MDA, Cyto b5, GR, GST, and GT were significant. The treatment with ginseng significantly affected the plasma and enzyme levels in rats induced with toxicity.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.222-229
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• 2017

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes after fixation using a 3.5-mm locking compression plate (LCP) hook plate for isolated greater tuberosity (GT) fractures of the proximal humerus. Methods: We evaluated the postoperative radiological and clinical outcomes in nine patients who were followed up at least 1 year with isolated GT fractures. Using the deltopectoral approach, we fixed the displaced GT fragments with a 3.5-mm LCP hook plate (Synthes, West Chester, PA, USA). Depending on the fracture patterns, the hook plate was fixed with or without augmentation using either tension suture or suture anchor fixation. Results: All the patient showed successful bone union. The mean time-to-union was 11 weeks. The radiological and clinical outcomes at the final follow-up were generally satisfactory. The mean visual analogue scale for pain, the University of California at Los Angeles score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and the subjective shoulder value were 1.4, 30.3, 84.3, and 82.2%, respectively. The mean active forward flexion, abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation of the shoulder were $156.7^{\circ}$, $152.2^{\circ}$, $61.1^{\circ}$, and the 10th thoracic vertebral level, respectively. Only one patient presented with a postoperative complication of shoulder stiffness. The patient was treated through arthroscopic capsular release on the 5th postoperative month. Conclusions: We conclude that fixation using 3.5-mm LCP hook plates for isolated GT fractures of the proximal humerus is a useful treatment method that provides satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.365-370
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• 1998

To evaluate the renal toxicity of the antitumor agent, p-{N,N,-Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino}-4-phenyl acetyl-amino-2,6-piperidinedione(CK-15), rats were treated with CK-15 (acute: 50mg/kg. i.p., single and subacute: 5mg/kg, i.p., daily for 7 days). The changes in the body weight, water consumption, kidney weights and urine volume after and during the treatment were observed. The concentrations of urinary creatinine and portein, the activities of N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transpeptidase (${\gamma}$-GT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in 24hr urine were also determined. The body weight, water consumption, and urine volume were decreased after the acute and subacute administration. However the weights of kidney were not changed after the treatments. The excretion of creatinine was significantly decreased 1 day after acute administration but, returned to the control value. In subactute administration, the excretion of creatinine was gradually decreased. However, the protein excretion did not changed in both treatment. Those indicate that CK-15 might decrease the metabolic rate of muscle. THe urinary activities of NAG, AAP, ${\gamma}$-GT, and LDH were significantly affected bythe drug treatment. The urinary activities of NAG, AAP and ${\gamma}$-GT were significantly increased 1 day after the acute administration and then returned to the control value. However, the urinary activities of LDH were not changed in acute treatment. In subacute treatment, although the urinary activities of NAG were not changed, those of AAP and ${\gamma}$-GT were significantly increased 2.3 times at 3 days during the subacute administration. Also the urinary activities of LDH were significantly increased at 7 day after the administration. These results indicate that the high and subacute administration might induce a damage in the kidney cells. Furthermore the present results suggest that the toxic effects of CK-15 might be due to the accumulation of the metabolites.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2008

The expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is regulated by various spliced first exons (exon 1a-1i), sharing differentially common exon 2 in diverse human tissues. The highly complex structure and regulation of human nNOS gene gave limitations of information for the precise mechanism of nNOS regulation. In the present study, we report that the repeats of polymorphic dinucleotides $(GT)^nA(TG)^n$ repeats located in just upstream to the exon 1f in human nNOS gene play suppressive role in transcription, as shown in the characteristics of Z-DNA motif in other genes. In neuronal and trophoblast cells transfected transiently with luciferase construct without dinucleotide repeats at the 5'-flanking region of exon 1f in nNOS gene, the luciferase activity was increased markedly. However, the presence of the dinucleotide repeats dramatically suppressed the luciferase activity to the basal level, and which was dependent on the length of $(GT)^n$ and $(TG)^n$ repeats. More importantly, we found the polymorphisms in the length of dinucleotide repeats in human. Furthermore, we show for the first time here that there is a significant association of the lengths of polymorphic dinucleotide $(GT)^n$ and $(TG)^n$ repeats with the risk of schizophrenia.

• 생약학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate anti-obesity and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of extracts from Geranium thunbergii (GT) in high-fat-diet-induced obese rats. Animals were randomly divided into four groups [normal diet, high fat diet, MeOH extract of GT (GTM), and BuOH fraction of GT (GTB)] and GT samples were treated with dose of 100 mg/kg for 8 weeks. It was observed that GTB-treated group significantly reduced body weight gain, food intake, epididymal fat weight, and triglyceride level in serum and liver compared to control group. The rats fed GTB also decreased contents of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), hydroxyl radical, and xanthin oxidase (XO) increased by high fat diet. Furthermore, the anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase were increased by GTB treatment. The experimental results indicate that GTB has anti-obesity and anti-hyperlipidemic effects, as well as radical scavenging activity.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 1988

재배환경과 품질이 크게 상이한 한국의 만기작과 조기작, 그리이스 관행 재배에서의 생육환경, 잎담배의 화학성분 변화와 품질과의 관계를 분석한 결과, 1. 생육중 강우량은 한국의 만기작＆gt; 조기작＆gt; 그리이스작 순으로 적고, 일조시수는 강우량의 역순이었으며, 조기작은 만기작에 비해 이식후 30∼80일 기간중 강우량이 60% 적고, 일조시수는 20% 많았다. 2. 그리이스작은 한국 재배엽에 비하여 전질소, 니코틴, 석유에텔 추출물함량이 현저히 높았다. 그리이스작＆gt;조기작＆gt;만기작 순으로 휘발성 유기산, 정유성분 중성부의 함량이 높고 품질이 좋았으며, 조기작은 만기작보다 회분함량과 pH가 크게 낮았다. 3. 건조엽의 품질과 석유에텔추출물, 휘발성 유기산, 전질소함량은 정의 상관, 회분함량은 부의 상관을 보였다. 4. 품질평가를 위한 지수로는 총 휘발성 유기산(mg/100g), (equation omitted) 접합도가 높았다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.655-658
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• 2011

갈근탕을 이용한 유산균 발효에 적합한 균주를 선발하기 위하여 3종의 Lactobacillus균을 이용하여 발효시킨 갈근탕의 특성을 분석해 본 결과, 발효에 의한 유기산의 생성으로 3종의 발효 갈근탕 모두 pH가 3.8 이하로 저하되었다. 또한 각 Lactobacillus들에 의한 갈근탕의 지표물질 중 하나인 isoflavone 배당체 daidzin의 비배당화 활성을 평가한 결과 L. plantarum KFRI 144균주가 89.9%의 가수분해율을 보여 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로부터 L. plantarum KFRI 144균주는 갈근탕 약효성분의 생체이용률을 높일 수 있는 기능성 발효 갈근탕 제조의 starter 균주로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.