• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 1999

This study examined the effect of the pine needle sap administration on serum lipid composition and liver antioxidant defense system in rats fed with high fat diet. Forty eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups. three control groups were fed with 5% lipid diet and three high fat groups were fed with 30% lipid diet. Each group was administered with the following pine needle sap respectively : C-0.0, 1.ml water, C-0.5, 0.ml pine needle sap and 0.ml water C-1.0, 1.ml pine needle sap : H-0.0, 1.ml water, H-0.5, 0.ml pine needle sap and 0.ml water H-1.0, 1.0ml pinus needle sap. After 4 weeks of experimental periods the level of serum obtained and serum lipid was measured respectively. The results were as follows 1. Significant low level was observed for food intake, weight gain, FER in the experimental group administered with the pine needle sap. 2. No difference of the concentration of serum triglyceride was observed out the experimental group with 5% fat diet, however out of the experimental group with 30% fat diet it was low in (H-1.0) group where 1.0ml of the pine needle sap was administrated. 3. In the experimental group with 5% fat diet the concentration of serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol was low, especially the hypocholesteromic effect in serum administered by the pine needle sap was significantly high in group C-1.0 where 1.0ml of pine needle sap was administered. In the high fat group provided with 30% fat when the pine needle sap was administered there was a tendency that concentration of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol decreased however there was no difference significantly. 4. Serum GOT activity was relatively high in high fat diet group. However, when 1$m\ell$ of pine needle sap was administered the activity was lower than that of the control group in H-1.0 group and the activity level was similar with that of the high fat diet group in c-1.0 group. There was no difference of serum GPT activitives followed by the administered of pine needle sap among the experimental group. 5. Liver TBARS levels were high in general in high fat diet group, however it showed no difference when the pine needle sap with different concentration level was administered. The results of this study indicate that the pine needle sap administration was effective in decreasing the food intake and weight gain of the experimental animals in the high fat diet and also effective in decreasing the levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and GOT activities. However it was not effective to change the level of TBARS and GSH -Px activities of liver. Thus, it was found that the pine needle sap administration was effective for the improvement of serum lipid composition condition of the experimental animals in the high fat diet group but it was not effective in the antioxidant defense system of liver.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.524-530
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• 2005

Dietary effect of soyfiber beni-koji (SBK) with chitosan-ascorbate (CA) on the level of serum lipids in rats fed a high fat diet was investigated The experimental groups which were divided into high fat diet control group(HC-group), $2\%\;SBK+0.1\%$ CA mixture diet group(CA1-group), $2\%\;SBK+0.15\%$ CA mixture diet group(CA2-group), and $2\%\;SBK+0.2\%$ CA mixture diet group (CA2-group) were fed for 4 weeks. Weight gains in CA2- and CA3-group were $5.3\%\;and\;9.5\%$ lower than that of HC-group, respectively, while there was no significant difference in feed intakes, feed efficiency ratio and organs weight Level of serum triglyceride in $C_3-group\;was\;21\%$ lower than that of HC-group. Level of serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in CA2- and CA3-group were $22.1\~22.7\%\;and\;58.6\~64.3\%$ lower than those of HC-group, respectively. Atherogenic index decreased with the higher level of CA. Level of lipid peroxide in CA3-group was $24\%$ lower than that of HC-group, while there was no significant difference in GSH(Glutathione-S-transferase) content O type activities of XOD(xanthine oxidase) in the treated groups were lower, especially the activity in CA3-group was $51.6\%$ lower than that of HC-group. Also, O/T ratio of XOD was lower, showing $21.7\~23.5\%$ in treated groups and $34.0\%$ in HC-group(p<0.05). GST activities were 332.52 units in HC-group and $350.28\~355.63$ units in the treated groups, but there were no significant differences among them.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.14-14
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• 2010

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an essential component for collagen biosynthesis and also for the proper functioning of the cardiovascular system in humans. Unlike most of the animals, humans lack the ability to synthesize ascorbic acid on their own due to a mutation in the gene encoding the last enzyme of ascorbate biosynthesis. As a result, vitamin C must be obtained from dietary sources like plants. In this study, we have developed two different kinds of transgenic potato plants (Solanumtuberosum L. cv. Taedong Valley) overexpressing strawberry GalUR and mouse GLoase gene under the control of CaMV 35S promoter with increased ascorbic acid levels. Integration of the these genes in the plant genome was confirmed by PCR and Southern blotting. Ascorbic acid(AsA) levels in transgenic tubers were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The over-expression of these genes resulted in 2-4 folds increase in AsA intransgenic potato and the levels of AsA were positively correlated with increased geneactivity. The transgenic lines with enhanced vitamin C content showed enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses induced by methyl viologen(MV), NaCl or mannitol as compared to untransformed control plants. The leaf disc senescence assay showed better tolerance in transgenic lines by retaining higher chlorophyll as compared to the untransformed control plants. Present study demonstrated that the over-expression of these gene enhanced the level of AsA in potato tubers and these transgenics performed better under different abiotic stresses as compared to untransformed control. We have also investigated the mechanism of the abiotic stress tolerance upon enhancing the level of the ascorbate in transgenic potato. The transgenic potato plants overexpressing GalUR gene with enhanced accumulation of ascorbate were investigated to analyze the antioxidants activity of enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and their tolerance mechanism against different abiotic stresses under invitro conditions. Transformed potato tubers subjected to various abiotic stresses induced by methyl viologen, sodium chloride and zinc chloride showed significant increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), catalase, enzymes of ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase(APX, EC 1.11.1.11), dehydroascorbate reductase(DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), and glutathione reductase(GR, EC 1.8.1.7) as well as the levels of ascorbate, GSH and proline when compared to the untransformed tubers. The increased enzyme activities correlated with their mRNA transcript accumulation in the stressed transgenic tubers. Pronounced differences in redox status were also observed in stressed transgenic potato tubers that showed more tolerance to abiotic stresses when compared to untransformed tubers. From the present study, it is evident that improved to lerance against abiotic stresses in transgenic tubers is due to the increased activity of enzymes involved in the antioxidant system together with enhanced ascorbate accumulated in transformed tubers when compared to untransformed tubers. At moment we also investigating the role of enhanced reduced glutathione level for the maintenance of the methylglyoxal level as it is evident that methylglyoxal is a potent cytotoxic compound produced under the abiotic stress and the maintenance of the methylglyoxal level is important to survive the plant under stress conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.812-818
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• 2016

Protective effects of fermented Curcuma longa L. (CL) against alcoholic liver damage were investigated in HepG2/2E1 cells. Fermented CL was extracted by cold water (FCC), hot water, 80% ethanol, and methanol. Of the four extracts, the strongest hepatoprotective effect against ethanol-induced oxidative stress was observed in FCC. Pretreatment with FCC also reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species formation compared to ethanol-alone treated cells. FCC also enhanced catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, and non-enzymatic antioxidative activities such as glutathione compared to alcohol-treated HepG2/2E1 cells. Our findings suggest that FCC might be considered as a useful agent in the prevention of liver damage induced by oxidative stress by increasing the antioxidant defense mechanism.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 2012

To investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of freeze-dried plum (Prunus mume Siebold and Zucc., PMS) or omija meal (Schizandra chinensis Baill.; SCB) on growth performance, organ weights, blood biochemical profiles and antioxidant defense system, a total of 96, 3-day-old male broiler chickens were assigned to three dietary groups: (1) control diet, (2) control diet supplemented with PMS at 0.2%, (3) control diet supplemented with SCB at 0.2%. In vitro antioxidant activity, plum and omija extracts showed a significantly higher radical scavenging activity (RSA). In particular, omija extract showed much higher RSA than plum extract. Dietary addition of plum or omija did not affect body weight, feed intake, feed conversion and the relative weight of digestive organ in birds. Plasma triglyceride significantly (P<0.05) increased in birds fed the diet supplemented with omija compared with those fed control diet without affecting the other blood biochemical components. Furthermore, reduced form of glutathione (GSH) in the liver or muscle significantly (P<0.05) increased in birds fed the diet fortified with plum and omija. However, the specific activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and MDA (malondealdehyde) in the intestine, liver and muscle were not altered by dietary antioxidant sources. In conclusion, dietary plum and omija resulted in a positive effect on some antioxidant indicators such as increased in vitro RAS in extracts and in vivo GSH level in the liver and muscle without affecting growth performance. Therefore, dietary addition of 0.2% of plum or omija could be applicable as potential antioxidant sources in broiler chick production.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1286-1293
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the biological activity and hepatoprotective effect of various fractions and isolated compounds from Kochiae fructus (KF) extract on D-galactosamine (GaIN)-intoxicated rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, GaIN treated group (GaIN), GaIN plus KF methanol extract treated group (KFM 200-GaIN), GaIN plus KF butanol extract treated group (KFB 200-GaIN), GaIN plus momordin Ic treated group (Momordin Ic 30-GaIN) and GaIN plus oleanolic acid treated group (Oleanolic acid 30-GaIN). KFM (200 mg/kg BW), KFB (200 mg/kg BW), momordin Ic (30 mg/kg BW) and oleanolic acid (30 mg/kg BW) were orally administered once a day for 14 days. GaIN (400 mg/kg BW) was injected at 30 minutes after the final administration of the compounds. The activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were increased in the GaIN group compared to the control group and significantly lower in the KFB 200-GaIN, momordin Ic 30-GaIN and oleanolic acid 30-GaIN group than in the GaIN group. Hepatic lipid peroxide level was increased in the GaIN group compared to the control group and was lower in the KFM 200-GaIN, KFB 200-GaIN, momordin Ic 30-GaIN and oleanolic acid 30-GaIN group than in the GaIN group. Activities of xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase in liver were higher in the GaIN group than in the control group and were significantly decreased in the KFB 200-GaIN, momordin Ic 30-GaIN and oleanolic acid 30-GaIN group compared to the GaIN group. Hepatic glutathione, ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine synthetase and catalase activities were decreased in the GaIN group compared to the control group and were higher in the KFB 200-GaIN, momordin Ic 30-GaIN and oleanolic acid 30-GaIN group than in the GaIN group. Activities of hepatic glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were lower in the GaIN group than in the control group and were improved in the KFM 200-GaIN, KFB 200-GaIN, momordin Ic 30-GaIN and oleanolic acid 30-GaIN group compared to the GaIN group. Therefore, the current results indicate that momordin Ic administration alleviated the GaIN-induced adverse effect through enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.641-649
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. (PJT) powder on lipid metabolism and antioxidative activity in rats fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet for 4 weeks. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four groups: normal diet group (N), high-fat/high-cholesterol group (HFC), high-fat/highcholesterol with 5% PJT powder (HFC-PBL), and high-fat/high-cholesterol with 10% PJT powder (HFC-PBH). Body weight gain and food efficiency ratio (FER) increased in the HFC group, whereas they gradually decreased in the PJT powder-fed groups. Food intake was not significantly different between the experimental groups. Liver and adipose tissue weights of the HFC group were heavier than that of the N group, whereas the groups fed PJT powder showed gradual reduction of tissue weights. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity significantly decreased after PJT powder administration. Serum triglyceride level significantly decreased in groups fed PJT powder compared to the HFC group. The serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) level of the HFC group increased by 73.70% than that of the N group, whereas serum high density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol) tended to decrease in groups fed PJT powder compared to the HFC group. Levels of triglycerides in epididymal and mesenteric adipose tissues, as well as cholesterol levels in liver and adipose tissues were lower in the groups fed 10% PJT powder compared to the HFC group. The liver glutathione (GSH) level increased in the groups fed PJT powder compare to the HFC group. The liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content significantly decreased in the groups fed PJT powder compared to the HFC group. These results suggest that PJT powder may improve lipid metabolism in the serum, liver, and adipose tissue and prevent oxidative stress by stimulating antioxidative systems in rats fed a high fat-high cholesterol diet.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.618-624
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Isoflavones are widely believed to be beneficial to human health, in relation to their antioxidant potentials. Exercise can cause an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants. This study was conducted in order to investigate the ability of isoflavones in amelioration of oxidative stress induced by exercise. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of four groups: isoflavone-free with no exercise (CON-sd), isoflavone-free with exercise (CON-ex), isoflavone-supplemented with no exercise (ISF-sd), and isoflavone-supplemented with exercise (ISF-ex). Animals exercised on the treadmill for 30 minutes per day, five days per week. TBARS as a marker of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity, including SOD, GSH-px, and catalase were determined in liver tissue. Serum lipid profile was also examined. RESULTS: A significant effect of isoflavone alone was observed on abdominal fat pad mass. ISF-ex had significantly less abdominal fat pad than CON-ex. Both exercise and isoflavone treatment had significant effects on lowering plasma triglyceride (TG), thus, the ISF-ex group had a significantly lower TG level than the CON-sd group, by 30.9%. However, no differences were observed in plasma cholesterol, HDL-C, and cholesterol/HDL-C ratio. Exercise, isoflavone, and exercise-isoflavone interaction effects were significant on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (P = 0.001, 0.002, and 0.005, respectively). The CON-ex group showed a higher TBARS level than the other three groups. By contrast, in the ISF-ex group, TBARS was restored to the level of the ISF-sd or CON-sd group. Isoflavone had a significant effect on superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P = 0.022) and catalase activities (P = 0.049). Significantly higher SOD and catalase activities were observed in ISF-ex than CON-ex. SOD and catalase activities showed an inverse pattern of TBARS. Taken together, isoflavones increased the activities of SOD and catalase with concomitant decreases in TBARS, indicative of decreased oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS: Isoflavone supplementation enhances antioxidant action with attenuation of exercise-induced oxidative stress, as measured by decreases in TBARS, and inhibits body fat accumulation and plasma TG increase. Antioxidative effects ascribed to isoflavones may be partially exerted via enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dandelion (Teraxacum platycarpum) extracts obtained by only water and with ultrasonification on antioxidative system and lipid metabolism in high cholesterol-fed rats. Five groups of rats were given high cholesterol diets for 8 weeks. The control group received without dandelion extracts and the other four groups received with one of dandelion extracts for 4 weeks respectively ; TP-N-1(100 mg/kg/day of Teraxacum platycarpum water extract), TP-N-2(200 mg/kg/day of Teraxacum platycarpum water extract), TP-S-1(100 mg/kg/day of Teraxacum platycarpum water-ultrasonification extract), TP-S-2(200 mg/kg/day of Teraxacum platycarpum water-ultrasonification extract). The results are summarized as follows; The hepatic and plasma TBARS levels significantly decreased in the dandelion extracts groups compared to those of no treatment group. Especially the group TP-N-2 was comparatively best among those. TP-N-2 groups had significantly higher levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase activities. There was no significant difference between dandelion extracts groups and no treatment group in SOD levels. In plasma triglyceride level, plasma FFA level, TP-S-2 group had significantly lower levels than that of the other groups. In plasma glucose levels, dandelion extracts group were similar to those of normal rats. Plasma total cholesterol levels significantly decreased in the TP-S-2 group compared to those of the other groups. HDL levels were also significantly higher than those of the other groups. Compared with those of no treatment group, dandelion extract groups had significantly higher levels of LDL. In liver total cholesterol level, TP-S-2 groups had significantly lower levels than that of the other groups. Compared with those of no treatment group, dandelion extracts groups had significantly lower levels of liver triglyceride, but especially the TP-S-2 group showed comparatively the best significant effect among those. TBARS, triglyceride, LDL, FFA levels significantly decreased in TP-S-2 groups compared to the other four groups. HDL levels was also significantly higher than the other four groups. According to the above result, it could be suggested that ultrasonic extraction have the upper hand in lipid metabolism and water extraction have the advantage of antioxidative system.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.710-719
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• 2023

Objective: The present study investigated whether protodioscin (PD), a steroidal saponin mainly found in rhizome of Dioscorea species, alleviates oxidative stress-induced damage of porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation. Methods: Oocytes were treated with different concentrations of PD (0, 1, 10, 100, and 200 µM) in the presence of 200 µM H₂O₂ during in vitro maturation. Following maturation, spindle morphology and mitogen-activated protein kinase activity was assessed along with reactive oxygen species level, GSH activity, and mRNA expression of endogenous antioxidant genes at the MII stage. On the day 7 after parthenogenetic activation, blastocyst formation rate was calculated and the quality of embryo and mRNA expression of development-related genes was evaluated. Results: Developmental competence was significantly poorer in the 0 µM PD-treated (control) group than in the non-treated (normal) and 10 µM PD-treated (10PD) groups. Although the reactive oxygen species level did not significantly differ between these three groups, the glutathione level and mRNA expression of antioxidant genes (superoxide dismutase 1 [SOD1], SOD2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 [Nrf2], and hemo oxygenase-1 [HO-1]) were significantly higher in the normal and 10PD groups than in the control group. In addition, the percentage of oocytes with defective spindle and abnormal chromosomal alignment was significantly lower and the ratio of phosphorylated p44/42 to total p44/42 was significantly higher in the normal and 10PD groups than in the control group. The total cell number per blastocyst was significantly higher in the 10PD group than in the control group. The percentage of apoptotic cells in blastocysts was highest in the control group; however, the difference was not significant. mRNA expression of development-related genes (POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1 [POU5F1], caudal type homeobox 2 [CDX2], Nanog homeobox [NANOG]) was consistently increased by addition of PD. Conclusion: The PD effectively improves the developmental competence and quality of blastocysts by protecting porcine oocytes against oxidative stress.