• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.40.1-40.15
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• 2020

The protein encoded by the Gene Associated with Retinoid-Interferon-Induced Mortality-19 (GRIM-19) is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is homologous to the NADH dehydrogenase 1-alpha subcomplex subunit 13 of the electron transport chain. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease that damages the brain and spinal cord. Although both the cause and mechanism of MS progression remain unclear, it is accepted that an immune disorder is involved. We explored whether GRIM-19 ameliorated MS by increasing the levels of inflammatory cytokines and immune cells; we used a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) to this end. Six-to-eight-week-old male C57BL/6, IFNγ-knockout (KO), and GRIM-19 transgenic mice were used; EAE was induced in all strains. A GRIM-19 overexpression vector (GRIM19 OVN) was electrophoretically injected intravenously. The levels of Th1 and Th17 cells were measured via flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical analysis. IL-17A and IFNγ expression levels were assessed via ELISA and quantitative PCR. IL-17A expression decreased and IFNγ expression increased in EAE mice that received injections of the GRIM-19 OVN. GRIM19 transgenic mice expressed more IFNγ than did wild-type mice; this inhibited EAE development. However, the effect of GRIM-19 overexpression on the EAE of IFNγ-KO mice did not differ from that of the empty vector. GRIM-19 expression was therapeutic for EAE mice, elevating the IFNγ level. GRIM-19 regulated the Th17/Treg cell balance.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.20-30
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• 2010

Objective : We determined whether the expression of GRIM-19 is correlated with pathologic types and malignant grades in gliomas, and determined the function of GRIM-19 in human gliomas. Methods : Tumor tissues were isolated and frozen at $-80^{\circ}C$ just after surgery. The tissues consisted of normal brain tissue (4), astrocytomas (2), anaplastic astrocytomas (2), oligodendrogliomas (13), anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (11), and glioblastomas (16). To profile tumor-related genes, we applied RNA differential display using a $Genefishing^{TM}$ DEG kit, and validated the tumor-related genes by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A human glioblastoma cell line (U343MG-A) was used for the GRIM-19 functional studies. The morphologic and cytoskeletal changes were examined via light and confocal microscopy. The migratory and invasive abilities were investigated by the simple scratch technique and Matrigel assay. The antiproliferative activity was determined by thiazolyl blue Tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and FACS analysis. Results : Based on RT-PCR analysis, the expression of GRIM-19 was higher in astrocytic tumors than oligodendroglial tumors. The expression of GRIM-19 was higher in high-grade tumors than low-grade tumors or normal brain tissue; glioblastomas showed the highest expression. After transfection of GRIM-19 into U343MG-A, the morphology of the sense-transfection cells became larger and more spindly. The antisensetransfection cells became smaller and rounder compared with wild type U343MG-A. The MTT assay showed that the sense-transfection cells were more sensitive to the combination of interferon-$\beta$ and retinoic acid than U343MG-A cells or antisense-transfection cells; the antiproliferative activity was related to apoptosis. Conclusion : GRIM-19 may be one of the gene profiles which regulate cell death via apoptosis in human gliomas.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.384-388
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• 2021

현재 국내든, 해외든 코로나19로 인해 많은 소상공인들이 피해를 입고 있고, 많은 점포들이 문을 닫고 있는 것이 현실이다. 국가재난지원금을 통해 소비자들의 소비를 격려하면서 어느 정도 피해를 막으려고 하지만, 소상공인들의 폐업을 막는 것은 힘들게 되었다. 2020년 9월 서울기준, 코로나19사태로 인해 점포2만곳 이상이 폐점되었고, 코로나 19블루로 인해 우울증에 호소하는 사람들도 많아졌다. 이 문제는 서울, 대한민국뿐만이 아닌, 전 세계적으로 코로나 19 사태에 피해입은 전 지역에 대한 문제다. 코로나19의 환자 수가 증가할수록 점포 수는 꾸준히 줄어들고 있다. 이를 피어슨, 스피어만, 켄달의 상관계수를 분석해 코로나19 환자 수와 점포 수의 음의 상관관계를 나타낸다는 것을 제시한다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2017

Following the development of economy and progress of the society, the problem of aging population appears. In 1999, China had been classified as "aging society" and aging of population has become a serious social issue that affects the economic growth and social stability. And one of the crux issue is the dwelling of aged people. As a cosmopolitan city, Beijing keeps leading position on residential development. But facing grim problem of ageing population, and the problem of the elderly living has not been solved yet. At the beginning of 21 Century, the first aged community(Oriental Sun City) was built in Beijing, and attracted a large number of old people to move in. But there are many problems in the process of design and construction since there is not much correlative researches for planning and design of aged communities. With a view to aged communities in Beijing, this thesis intends to research on the planning and design of aged communities. This thesis will give reference to help the programming and design of aged communities.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 1997

Perforation of the gastrointestinal tract in neonatal period has been associated with a grim prognosis. Recently there has been some improvement in survival. To evaluate the remaining pitfalls in management, 19 neonatal gastrointestinal perforation cases from May 1989 to July 1996 were analysed retrospectively. Seven patients were premature and low birth weight infants. Perforation was most common in the ileum(56.3%). Mechanical or functional obstruction distal to the perforation site was identified in 7 cases; Hirschsprung's disease 3, small bowel atresia 3, and anorectal malformation 1. These lesions were often not diagnosed until operation. Five cases of necrotizing enterocolitis and 1 of muscular defect were the other causes of perforation. In six cases, the cause of the perforation was not identified. Perinatal ischemic episodes were associated in five cases. Overall mortality was 15.1%. Because a considerable number of gastrointestinal perforations resulted from distal obstruction, pediatric surgeon should be alert for early identification and intervention of gastrointestinal obstruction, particularly in patients that are premature and have a history of ischemia.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.151-163
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• 2008

Objective : Recent studies indicate that the deposition of beta-amyloid ($A{\beta}$) is related in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying mechanism is still not clear. Method : To investigate the potential cellular functions of APP and LMK02, we use transgenic drosophila as a model was treated with either LMK02, and the effect in APP expression was determined by climbing assay. LMK02 have been shown to be neuroprotective in fly model systems. We asked whether dietary supplementation with LMK02 would influence behavior and AD-like pathology in a transgenic fly model. Result LMK02 water extract have attenuated fly death in vivo. LMK02-treated fly increased percentage of flight ability more longly and survival ratio more than controls. APP-GRIM drosophila treated with LMK02 had significantly less accumulation of APP deposition in the eye and brain as compared to control drosophila. Conclusion : These results suggest that LMK02 prevent APP-induced neurotoxicity through attenuating flies death induced by APP, and may be useful as potential therapeutic agents for AD.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.344-352
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• 2003

연구배경 : Isoniazid와 rifampin에 내성인 다제내성 결핵의 유병률은 1995년 세계적으로 5.3%이며 이의 지속적인 증가는 공중보건의 중요한 문제로 대두 되고 있다. 결핵 치료의 중요한 약물의 하나인 RFP에 대한 내성은 불량한 예후를 초래한다. 이에 RFP내성을 조기에 정확하게 진단하는 임상적으로 중요하다. 최근 PCR 방법을 이용하여 약제 (RFP) 내성을 초래하는 변이를 신속하게 진단하는 방법이 가능하게 되었다. 본 연구는 결핵 초치료군, 치료 실패군 및 재발군에서 INNO-LiPA 검사법을 이용하여 RFP내성 유병률을 확인하고 기존의 약제 감수성 검사법을 이용하여 얻은 결과를 비교하여 INNO-LiPA검사의 유용성을 연구하였다. 방 법 : 1998년부터 2002년까지 본원에 내원하여 객담 도말 검사상 양성 소견으로 폐결핵으로 진단받은 46명을 대상으로 하였으며 환자는 초치료, 초치료 실패, 및 재발 환자군으로 분류하였다. RPF 내성은 INNO-LiPA Rif.TB kit을 이용하여 검사하였으며 이를 결핵균 배양을 이용한 약제 감수성 결과와 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 46명의 환자중에 21명이 결핵으로 처음 진단받은 환자였으며 17명이 초치료 실패한 환자이었으며 8명이 재발한 환자이었다. 배양 검사를 이용한 약제 감수성 검사법을 기준으로 하여 비교시 INNO-LiPA 검사법을 이용한 RFP 저항성의 양성 예측률은 85.7% 이었으여 음성 예측률은 76.0% 이었다. INNO-LiPA 검사 결과 초치료 실패한 및 재발한 환자 25명의 환자중 20예 (80.0%)에서 rpoB gene의 변이를 보였으며 처음 결핵으로 진단받은 21명의 환자중 4예 (19.0%)에서 rpoB gene의 변이를 보였다. 결 론 : INNO-LiPA 검사는 비교적 신속하고 정확하게 RFP 약제 내성 정보를 제공하여 2차 항결핵 약제의 선택에 도움을 준다. 아울러 기존의 배양 검사를 이용한 약제 감수성 검사법과 함께 상호 보완적으로 사용하면 다제 내성결핵의 치료에 있어 그 유용성은 매우 클 것으로 사료된다.