• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.1238-1243
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• 2008

잔대 뿌리는 우리나라에서 예로부터 민간약으로 이용되어 오고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인간 간세포인 HepG2에 잔대 뿌리의 에틸아세테이트 추출물을 처리했을 때 sodium nitroprusside(SNP)에 의해 유도된 세포 독성 및 항산화 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향력을 알아보았다. 먼저, 잔대 에틸아세테이트 추출물이 NO에 의해 유도된 세포 사멸을 저해할 수 있는지를 알아보기 위하여 HepG2 세포에 잔대 에틸아세테이트 추출물(각각 50과 100 $\mu$g/mL)을 24시간 먼저 처리한 후 세포내에서 NO을 생성시킬 수 있는 0.5 mM SNP를 처리하였다. NO에 의한 세포독성이 에틸아세테이트 추출물에 의해 저해되었다는 것을 mitochondrial dehydrogenase 활성을 알아보는 MTT assay를 실시하여 알아보았다. 더하여 우리는 잔대 에틸아세테이트 추출물이 세포내 항산화 방어 시스템인 Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase(SOD 1), Mn SOD(SOD 2), glutathione peroxidase(GPx), catalase와 glutathione metabolism과 관련되어져 있는 glutathione reductase(GR), $\gamma$-glutamyl-cystein synthetase(GCS), glutathione-S-transferase(GST), $\gamma$-glutamyltranspeptidase($\gamma$-GT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)의 mRNA 발현에 미치는 영향을 RT-PCR로 알아보았다. CAT, GCS 그리고 G6PD mRNA 수준이 잔대 에틸아세테이트 추출물 처리 후 증가하였으나, SOD 1, SOD 2, GPx, GST 그리고 $\gamma$-GT mRNA 수준은 변화지 않았다. 따라서 잔대 에틸아세테이트 추출물이 간접적 항산화 효과가 있고, 이들 효과는 아마 CAT, GCS, GR 그리고 G6PD 유전자 발현 증가에 의한 것이라고 추정되었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.176-182
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• 2000

홍삼의 물 추출물, 알코올 추출물, 지용성 추출물, 총 사포닌, PD 및 PT 각 홍삼 추출물을 생리식염수에 녹여 50mg/kg/0.1ml용량으로 4주령 수컷 생쥐에게 15일간 경구투여 하여 생쥐 간으로부터 항산화 효소(GPX)의 활성도 변화와 GSH, GSSG 및 MDA의 함량 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. GPX의 활성도는 PD, PTTS순으로 활성도가 높은 것으로 조사되었으며, 항산화 물질인 환원형 GSH 또한 같은 순으로 증가하는 것으로 사되었다. 한편 GSSG 함량은 지용성 추출물, PD, 알코올 추출물 순으로 감소하는 것으로 조사되었다. 동물조직세포내의 산화환원반응과 해독작용상태의 평가에 중요한 GSSG/total GSH비율은 지용성 추출물, PD, 총 사포닌 순으로 감소하는 것으로 조사되었다. 활성 산소에 의해 생성된 지질과산화의 최종산물인 MDA의 함량은 GSSG/total GSH 비율의 조사 결과와 비슷한 경향을 보였다 이와 같은 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 항산화 효소 활성과 항산화 물질 활성 증대를 강화시키는 홍삼 성분으로는 지용성 추출물, PD 및 총 사포닌인 것으로 조사되었으며, 이러한 성분들이 산화적 손상에 대한 방어기전 향상에 좋은 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권11호
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• pp.1286-1292
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• 2017

본 연구는 곰취에서 분리한 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid(3,5-DCQA)의 간세포에 대한 보호기능을 평가하기 위해 HepG2 세포를 이용하여 hydrogen peroxide에 의해 유도된 산화적 스트레스에 대한 항산화 효소 유전자 발현량 및 간 기능 지표 효소(LDH, GGT, GOT) 활성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 산화적 스트레스가 유도된 HepG2 세포에 3,5-DCQA를 10, 20 및 $30{\mu}g/mL$ 농도별로 처리한 후 real-time PCR을 이용하여 주요 항산화 효소들의 유전자 발현량을 측정한 결과, hydrogen peroxide 처리에 의해 감소한 SOD-1, SOD-2, CAT 및 GPx의 mRNA 발현량이 농도 의존적으로 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, HepG2 세포에서 hydrogen peroxide 처리에 의해 증가한 주요 간기능 지표 효소인 LDH, GGT 및 GOT 활성이 3,5-DCQA(10, 20, $30{\mu}g/mL$) 처리에 의해 유의적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 실험 결과로부터 곰취에서 분리한 페놀화합물인 3,5-DCQA는 HepG2 세포에서 산화적 스트레스에 대한 우수한 항산화 효과 및 간세포 보호 효과를 나타내는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 향후 관련 기능성 식품개발에 필요한 기초적인 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 또한, 동물실험을 통한 3,5-DCQA의 추가적인 기능성 검증이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.599-610
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• 2023

According to recent evidence, ferroptosis is a major cell death mechanism in the pathogenesis of kidney injury and fibrosis. Despite the renoprotective effects of classical ferroptosis inhibitors, therapeutic approaches targeting kidney ferroptosis remain limited. In this study, we assessed the renoprotective effects of melatonin and zileuton as a novel therapeutic strategy against ferroptosis-mediated kidney injury and fibrosis. First, we identified RSL3-induced ferroptosis in renal tubular epithelial HK-2 and HKC-8 cells. Lipid peroxidation and cell death induced by RSL3 were synergistically mitigated by the combination of melatonin and zileuton. Combination treatment significantly downregulated the expression of ferroptosis-associated proteins, 4-HNE and HO-1, and upregulated the expression of GPX4. The expression levels of p-AKT and p-mTOR also increased, in addition to that of NRF2 in renal tubular epithelial cells. When melatonin (20 mg/kg) and zileuton (20 mg/kg) were administered to a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model, the combination significantly reduced tubular injury and fibrosis by decreasing the expression of profibrotic markers, such as α-SMA and fibronectin. More importantly, the combination ameliorated the increase in 4-HNE levels and decreased GPX4 expression in UUO mice. Overall, the combination of melatonin and zileuton was found to effectively ameliorate ferroptosis-related kidney injury by upregulating the AKT/mTOR/ NRF2 signaling pathway, suggesting a promising therapeutic strategy for protection against ferroptosis-mediated kidney injury and fibrosis.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.487-496
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Soshiho-tang (SSH) in mouse primary liver cells against hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced oxidative stress. We also elucidated the molecular mechanism of hepatoprotective effect by SSH. Methods : Cell viability, level of ALT, AST and LDH, intracellular ROS level, mRNA expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes were used to evaluate hepatoprotection of SSH against $H_2O_2$. Target gene expressions were analyzed by real-time PCR. Results : Pre-treatment with SSH for 1 hour prevented cytotoxicity against $H_2O_2$. $H_2O_2$-induced ROS level decreased under SSH pre-treatment. mRNA expression of GPx and SOD increased in SSH-treated cells. In addition, HSP72 and HSP40 gene expression were elevated under SSH-treatment. Conclusions : These results indicate that SSH protects mouse primary liver cells from $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative injury. This hepatoprotective activity of SSH is mediated by decreasing intracellular ROS and increasing antioxidant enzyme expression (GPx and SOD) and stress response protein (HSP72 and HSP40).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effect of soy isoflavone on plasma nitrite concentration and the antioxidant enzyme activities of erythrocyte and the liver using adult male rats fed high fat diet. Seven-week old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups and fed high fat diet (15% beef tallow, 1 % cholesterol; control: IF0) or high fat diets containing isoflavone 80 ppm (IF80) or 320 ppm (IF320) for 10 weeks. Plasma nitrite concentration as a vasodilator, and antioxidant enzyme activities in erythrocytes and the liver were measured. Plasma nitrite concentration was increased by 45% and 35%, respectively, in IF80 and IF320 than in IF0 group. Erythrocyte catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities increased by 31 %, 30% and 40% in IF320 compared to IF0 group. Especially, erythrocyte GR activity increased by 61 % in IF80 group. However, catalase activity in the liver was decreased in IF80 group. GPx and GR activities in the liver were not differ among groups. The results suggest that soy isoflavone have the protective effect against risk factors related with cardiovascular disease by improving vasodilator factor, nitrite, and antioxidant enzyme activities in blood. (Korean J Nutrition 38(2): 89～95, 2005)

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1433-1440
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• 2003

This research was performed to investigate protective effect of Sophorae subprostratae Radix and each fractions against ischemic damage using PC12 cells. To observe the protective effect of Sophorae subprostratae Radix on ischemia damage, vibility and changes in activities of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Catalase and Production of Malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed after treating PC12 cells with Sophorae subprostratae Radix during ischemic insult. Groups were divided into five groups: no treated (Normal), hypoxia chamber for 48hrs followed by 6h at normoxic chamber (H/R), Sop horae subprostratae Radix total phase treated group with H/R (Total), Sophorae subprostratae Radix water phase treated group with H/R (Water), Sophorae subprostratae Radix BuOH phase treated group with H/R (BuOH), Sophorae subprostratae Radix alkaloid phase treated group with H/R (Alkaloid). The results showed that (1) in hypoxiajreperfusion model using PC12 cell, the Sophorae subprostratae Radix has the protective effect against ischemia in the dose of 0.2 ㎍/㎖, 2 ㎍/㎖ and 20 ㎍/㎖, (2) Sophorae subprostratae Radix increased the activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase. (3) the activity of Superoxide Diamutase(SOD) increased by ischemic damage, which might represent the self protection. This study suggests that Sophorae subprostratae Radix has neuroprotective effect against neuronal damage following hypoxiajreperfusion cell culture model using PC12 cell and dose dependency effects. In conclusion, Sophorae subprostratae Radix has protective effects against ischemic oxidative damage at the early stage of ischemia.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.364-372
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• 2005

This study is designed to examine the effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin E and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on the formation of preneoplastic lesions in diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. All Weaning male Sprague-Dawley rats were initiated by a single dose of DEN (200mg/kg body weight), subjected to two­thirds partial hepatectomy 3 weeks later and were sacrificed 8 weeks after DEN initiation. Two weeks after initiation, rats were fed Purina purified rodent diet 5053 (Ralston Purina Rat chow, USA) with $1.5\%$ (15,000 IU/kg diet) vitamin E, $0.5\%$ DHEA and both of those supplemented diet for 6 weeks. Placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) positive foci, the activities of catalase, total-glutathione peroxidase (GPx) , glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) contents were decreased significantly by vitaimin E supplement. On the other hand GST-P positive foci number, Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activities weren't changed by vitamin E supplement. It might suggest that protective effect of vitamin E against hepatocarcinogens is not involved in the formation of the GST-P positive foci but related to the expansion of that. It seemed that vitamin E supplement helped endogenous defense system in carcinogenesis by decreasing TBARS contents, $H_2O_2$, organic peroxides. Therefore, vitamin E seemed to protect cell from free radical damage in carcinogenesis. By DHEA supplement liver weight and liver/body ratio were increased, the area and number of GST-P positive foci, the activities of catalase, GR, total GPx, GST and the TBARS contents were decreased significantly. On the other hand Cu/Zn-SOD and G6Pase activities weren't changed by DHEA supplement. In hepatocarcinogenesis the activities of antioxidant enzymes weren't increased by DHEA supplement. DHEA did not increase the oxidative stress, while DHEA seems to have anticarcinogenic effect in rats hepatocarcinogenesis.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2010

This study was performed to analyze the relationship among sebum hydration content of the skin and nutritional intake, serum antioxidant minerals and antioxidant enzymes, and lipid peroxide concentration in 50 female subjects in their 20s. The skin type was divided into Dry Skin, Mixed Skin, and Oily Skin, and the dry skin group was 14%, the mixed skin group was 56%, and the oily skin group was 30% of all subjects. The average age of the subjects was $20.54{\pm}1.43$ years and BMI was 20.66. The average sebum content in each group was in the order of T-zone>forehead>chin>cheek. In case of the T-zone, a significant difference between the dry skin group and the oily skin group was observed, suggesting that the area is most sensitive to sebum content by skin type. Significant differences were not observed in energy and nutrient intakes by skin type. Serum concentrations of antioxidant minerals such as copper, manganese, zinc and selenium were not significantly different among the groups, but the dry skin group tended to be higher than the oily skin group. Serum catalase was significantly higher in the oily skin group (P < 0.05), and MDA was significantly higher in the mixed skin group (P < 0.05). The hydration of the cheek and serum zinc showed a negative correlation, and the sebum content of the cheek and GPx showed a significant negative correlation. The hydration of the forehead and serum copper showed a significant negative correlation, and the hydration of the forehead and GPx showed a significant positive correlation. The hydration of the chin and serum SOD showed a significant positive correlation. With these results, it is considered that the basic condition of nutritional status can affect the skin health.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2014

Yam (Dioscorea batatas Decne.) has long been used as a health food and oriental folk medicine because of its nutritional fortification, tonic, anti-diarrheal, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and expectorant effects. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are known to be implicated in a range of diseases, may be important progenitors of carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the modulatory effect of yam on antioxidant status and inflammatory conditions during azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis in male F344 rats. We measured the formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), hemolysate antioxidant enzyme activities, colonic mucosal antioxidant enzyme gene expression, and colonic mucosal inflammatory mediator gene expression. The feeding of yam prior to carcinogenesis significantly inhibited AOM-induced colonic ACF formation. In yam-administered rats, erythrocyte levels of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase were increased and colonic mucosal gene expression of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), Mn-SOD, and GPx were up-regulated compared to the AOM group. Colonic mucosal gene expression of inflammatory mediators (i.e., nuclear factor kappaB, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-1beta) was suppressed by the yam-supplemented diet. These results suggest that yam could be very useful for the prevention of colon cancer, as they enhance the antioxidant defense system and modulate inflammatory mediators.