• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2015

In the case of satellite navigation positioning, the shielding of satellite signals is determined by the environment of the region at which a user is located, and the navigation performance is determined accordingly. The accuracy of user position determination varies depending on the dilution of precision (DOP) which is a measuring index for the geometric characteristics of visible satellites; and if the minimum visible satellites are not secured, position determination is impossible. Currently, the GLObal NAvigation Satellite system (GLONASS) of Russia is used to supplement the navigation performance of the Global Positioning System (GPS) in regions where GPS cannot be used. In addition, the European Satellite Navigation System (Galileo) of the European Union, the Chinese Satellite Navigation System (BeiDou) of China, the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) of Japan, and the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) of India are aimed to achieve the full operational capability (FOC) operation of the navigation system. Thus, the number of satellites available for navigation would rapidly increase, particularly in the Asian region; and when integrated navigation is performed, the improvement of navigation performance is expected to be much larger than that in other regions. To secure a stable and prompt position solution, GPS-GLONASS integrated navigation is generally performed at present. However, as available satellite navigation systems have been diversified, finding the minimum satellite constellation combination to obtain the best navigation performance has recently become an issue. For this purpose, it is necessary to examine and predict the navigation performance that could be obtained by the addition of the third satellite navigation system in addition to GPS-GLONASS. In this study, the current status of the integrated navigation performance for various satellite constellation combinations was analyzed based on 2014, and the navigation performance in 2020 was predicted based on the FOC plan of the satellite navigation system for each country. For this prediction, the orbital elements and nominal almanac data of satellite navigation systems that can be observed in the Korean Peninsula were organized, and the minimum elevation angle expecting signal shielding was established based on Matlab and the performance was predicted in terms of DOP. In the case of integrated navigation, a time offset determination algorithm needs to be considered in order to estimate the clock error between navigation systems, and it was analyzed using two kinds of methods: a satellite navigation message based estimation method and a receiver based method where a user directly performs estimation. This simulation is expected to be used as an index for the establishment of the minimum satellite constellation for obtaining the best navigation performance.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회논문집
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• pp.337-343
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• 2004

Spatial information could be obtained from spaceborne high resolution optical and synthetic aperture radar(SAR) images. However, some satellite images do not provide physical sensor information instead, rational polynomial coefficients(RPC) are available. The objectives of this study are: (1) 3-dimensional ground coordinates were computed by applying rational function model(RFM) with the RPC for the stereo pair of Ikonos images and their accuracy was evaluated. (2) Interferometric SAR(InSAR) was applied to JERS-1 images to generate DEM and its accuracy was analysis. (3) Quality of the DEM generated automatically also analyzed for different types of terrain in the study site. The overall accuracy was evaluated by comparing with GPS surveying data. The height offset in the RPC was corrected by estimating bias. In consequence, the accuracy was improved. Accuracy of the DEMs generated from InSAR with different selection of GCP was analyzed. In case of the Ikonos images, the results show that the overall RMSE was 0.23327", 0.l1625" and 13.70m in latitude, longitude and height, respectively. The height accuracy was improved after correcting the height offset in the RPC. i.e., RMSE of the height was 1.02m. As for the SAR image, RMSE of the height was 10.50m with optimal selection of GCP. For the different terrain types, the RMSE of the height for urban, forest and flat area was 23.65m, 8.54m, 0.99m, respectively for Ikonos image while the corresponding RMSE was 13.82m, 18.34m, 10.88m, respectively lot SAR image.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2004년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2004
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• pp.344-346
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• 2004

IKONOS 1m satellite imagery is particularly well suited for 3-D feature extraction and 1 :5,000 scale topographic mapping. Because the image line and sample calculated by given RPCs have the error of more than 11m, in order to be able to perform feature extraction and topographic mapping, rational polynomial coefficients(RPCs) camera model that are derived from the very complex IKONOS sensor model to describe the object-image geometry must be refined by several Ground Control Points(GCPs). This paper presents a quantitative evaluation of the geometric accuracy that can be achieved with IKONOS imagery by refining the offset and scaling factors of RPCs using several GCPs. If only two GCPs are available, the offsets and scale factors of image line and sample are updated. If we have more than three GCPs, four parameters of the offsets and scale factors of image line and sample are refined first, and then six parameters of the offsets and scale factors of latitude, longitude and height are updated. The stereo images acquired by IKONOS satellite are tested using six ground points. First, the RPCs model was refined using 2 GCPs and 4 check points acquired by GPS. The results from IKONOS stereo images are reported and these show that the RMSE of check point acquired from left images and right are 1.021m and 1.447m. And then we update the RPCs model using 4 GCPs and 2 check points. The RMSE of geometric accuracy is 0.621 m in left image and 0.816m in right image.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 2015년을 기준으로 GPS(Global Positioning System) 단독측위 및 통합항법 성능 현황을 분석하고, 2020년까지의 항법성능을 연도별로 예측하였다. 이러한 예측을 위하여 한반도 지역에서 관측할 수 있는 위성항법시스템의 궤도요소 및 궤도정보 설계 값을 이용하여 Matlab을 기반으로 DOP(Dilution Of Precision)관점에서 성능을 예측하였다. 통합항법의 경우, 항법시스템 간의 시계오차 추정을 위해 시각오프셋 결정 알고리즘을 고려해야 하는데, 위성항법 메시지 기반 추정방식과 사용자가 직접 추정하는 두 가지 방법으로 나누어 분석하였다. 또한 현실감 있는 시뮬레이션 수행을 위하여 3차원 지도정보를 사용하였다. 본 시뮬레이션결과는 도심지역에서의 항법성능을 예측할 수 있는 지표로 활용될 것이라 기대된다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.957-963
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• 2015

AltBOC 신호의 자기상관함수는 좁은 주 첨두로 인하여 향상된 측위 정확도를 제공한다. 하지만, AltBOC 신호의 자기상관함수에는 주변 첨두가 존재하기 때문에, 이로 인해 심각한 위치 추적 오류를 일으킬 수 있다는 단점이 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 AltBOC 신호 추적을 위한 비모호 상관함수 생성 기법을 제안한다. 구체적으로는, 우선 서로 대칭인 부분 상관함수를 얻은 후, 이들을 조합하여 주변 첨두가 제거된 비모호 상관함수를 생성한다. 모의실험을 통해 제안한 상관함수를 이용하여 신호 추적을 수행할 경우, 기존의 상관함수들에 비해 더욱 뛰어난 추적 오류 표준 편차 (tracking error standard deviation: TESD) 성능을 보임을 확인한다.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2015

Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) signal planned for future Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) provided better positioning accuracy and smaller multipath error than GPS C/A signal. However, due to the multiple side peaks in the auto-correlation function (ACF) of the BOC modulated signals, a receiver may false lock onto one of the side peaks in the tracking mode. This false lock would then result in a fatal tracking error. In this paper, we propose an unambiguous tracking method for composite BOC (CBOC) signals to mitigate this problem. It aims to reduce the side peaks of the ACF of CBOC modulated signals. It is based on the combination of traditional CBOC correlation function (CF) and reference CF of unmodulated pseudo- random noise code (PRN code). First, we present that cross-correlation function (CCF) with unmodulated PRN code is close to the secondary peaks of the traditional CBOC. Then, we obtain an unambiguous correlation function by subtracting traditional CBOC ACF from these CFs. Finally, the tracking performance for the CBOC signals is examined, and it is shown that the proposed method has better performance than the traditional unambiguous tracking method in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제33권spc3호
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• pp.397-407
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• 2011

To understand the vertical structure of ocean currents from raw data observed by lowered-ADCP (LADCP), these data require post-processing. Data were processed using Krahman's version 10.8 processing software based on Matlab. It is estimated the influence of auxiliary data affecting the processed current structure. The bottom-tracked velocities and the GPS information significantly contribute the offset on reference velocities in the bottom layer and barotropic ones in the middle layer, respectively. Good quality data can be obtained when LADCP is least tilted in pitch and roll during observation. In situ application of LADCP to the (northward) volume transports of Kuroshio in the East China Sea proved to be 24.8. Sv (= $1{\times}10^6m^3s^{-1}$) in October 2007, and 28.2 Sv in June 2008, respectively. The volume transport is relatively large over the continental slope when compared to the shelf or the deep sea.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.2
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• pp.479-481
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• 2006

1967년 시간의 기본 단위인 초가 세슘원시계에 의해 정의된 이후, 각 국의 표준기관에서는 보다 정확한 원자시계개발 연구와 평가를 수행하고 있다. 이러한 연구는 정확한 시간척도(Time Scale)와 국제원자시를 생성하여 산업과 과학분야에 기여하기 위한 것이며, 이에 필연적으로 국제간 시각비교 개선을 위한 연구도 함께 발전되어 왔다. 전파를 이용한 시각비교는 지상파를 이용하던 70년대 초부터 시작되었는고 1981년부터 GPS에 의한 시각비교 방법이 소개된 이후, 80년대 후반에 들어서면서 GPS 활성화에 따라 급격히 시각비교 정확도가 향상되었다. 그러나 GPS와 더불어 통신위성을 이용한 양방향 시각비교(TWSTFT)의 필요성에 따라 세계 선진 표준기관들은 이 방법을 수행하고 있다. 한국표준과학연구원(KRISS)에서도 통신위성을 이용한 양방향시각비교를 구축하여 운용하고 있으며 아시아, 오세아니아, 유럽지역과 비교를 할 수 있는 시스템을 구축하여 운용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 PAS-8위성을 이용한 KRISS와 NMIA(호주)와 양방향시각비교를 수행함에 있어 필수적으로 계산 또는 측정하여야하는 오프셋값을 결정방법으로 GPS와 Circular-T를 이용하여 산출한 결과를 제시한다.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2022

Fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based parallel acquisition techniques with reduced computational complexity have been widely used for the acquisition of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) global positioning system (GPS) signals. In this paper, we propose a low computational FFT-based fine acquisition technique, for binary offset carrier (BOC) modulated BPSK signals, that depending on the subcarrier-to-code chip rate ratio (SCR) selectively utilizes the computationally efficient frequency-domain realization of the BPSK-like technique and two-dimensional compressed correlator (BOC-TDCC) technique in the first stage in order to achieve a fast coarse acquisition and accomplishes a fine acquisition in the second stage. It is analyzed and demonstrated that the proposed technique requires much smaller mean fine acquisition computation (MFAC) than the conventional FFT-based BOC acquisition techniques. The proposed technique is one of the first techniques that achieves a fast FFT-based fine acquisition of BOC signals with a slight loss of detection probability. Therefore, the proposed technique is beneficial for the receivers to make a quick position fix when there are plenty of strong (i.e., line-of-sight) GNSS satellites to be searched.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.219-230
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 확장형 칼만필터를 적용하여 영상센서 기반 차대도로간 트래킹 알고리즘을 제안한다. 일반적으로 횡방향 오프셋, 차선대비 상대경로각, 전방도로 곡률은 차선유지지원시스템의 경로추종 횡방향 제어기 구성 또는 차선이탈경보시스템의 경보 로직을 위한 중요 입력값으로 활용되는데 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 영상센서 차선인식 결과값인 이미지 상의 차선 추출점의 좌표값과 더불어 요레이트, 조향각, 차속 센서 측정값, 그리고 차량의 횡방향 운동방정식을 고려한 확장형 칼만필터를 적용하여 차대도로간 트래킹 정보를 추출한다. 제안된 차대도로간 트래킹 알고리즘의 유효성을 증명하기 위해 주행 테스트 도로 상에서 DGPS-RTK 장비를 이용하여 비교 검증하여 그 유효성을 보였다.