• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제27권9호
• /
• pp.1303-1310
• /
• 2014

A 12 week growth study was carried out to investigate the supplemental effects of dietary garlic powder (GP) on growth, feed utilization and whole body composition changes of fingerling sterlet sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus (averaging weight, 5.5 g). Following a 24-h fasting, 540 fish were randomly distributed to each of 18 tanks (30 fish/tank) under a semi-recirculation freshwater system. The GP of 0.5% (GP0.5), 1% (GP1), 1.5% (GP1.5), 2% (GP2) and 3% (GP3) was added to the control diet (GP0) containing 43% protein and 16% lipid. After the feeding trial, weight gain (WG) of fish fed GP1.5, GP2 and GP3 were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of fish fed GP0, GP0.5 and GP1. Feed efficiency and specific growth rate (SGR) showed a similar trend to WG. Protein efficiency ratio of fish fed GP1.5, GP2, and GP3 were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of fish groups fed the other diets. A significant difference (p<0.05) was found in whole body composition (moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, ash, and fiber) of fish at the end of the experiment. Significantly higher (p<0.05) protein and lipid retention efficiencies (PRE and LRE) were also found in GP1.5, GP2, and GP3 groups. Broken-line regression model analysis and second order polynomial regression model analysis relation on the basis of SGR and WG indicated that the dietary optimal GP level could be greater than 1.77% and 1.79%, but less than 2.95% and 3.18% in fingerling sterlet sturgeon. The present study suggested that dietary GP for fingerling sterlet sturgeon could positively affect growth performance and protein retention.

• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.409-420
• /
• 2010

Effects of various concentrations of garlic powder and garlic extract in the diets on growth, serum chemistry and immune response of olive flounder were determined. Thirty-five juvenile fish averaging 5.1 g were randomly distributed into 21 of 180 L flow-through tanks. Seven experimental diets with various concentrations of garlic powder (GP) and garlic extract (GE) were prepared in triplicate: GP-0 without garlic supplementation, GP-0.5, GP-1, GP-2, GP-3 and GP-5 diets containing garlic powder at the concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5%, respectively at the expense of wheat flour and finally, GE-0.4 diet containing 0.4% garlic extract were prepared. At the end of the 8-week feeding trial, serum chemistry of fish was measured. In addition, twenty fish from each tank were artificially infected with E. tarda for the following 96 h to monitor cumulative mortality. Weight gain of fish fed GP-0 diet was higher than that of fish fed GP-1, GP-2, GP-3 and GP-5 diets. No difference in serum criteria (total protein, glucose, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, cholesterol and triglyceride levels) of olive flounder was found among the experimental diets except for glutamate pyruvate transaminase. Lysozyme activity of fish fed GP-0, GP-1, GP-3 and GE-0.4 diets was higher than that of fish fed GP-5 diet. The highest cumulative mortality was 93.3% in fish fed GP-0 diet at 96 h after E. tarda infection, followed by GP-3, GP-1, GP-5, GP-2, GP-0.5 and GE-0.4 diets. In considering these results, dietary inclusion of garlic powder and garlic extract has no distinctive positive effect on improvement in growth, serum chemistry and immune response of olive flounder in this experimental conditions, therefore, its application should be carefully considered.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2016

Objectives : The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix pharmacopuncture (GP) at Hwando (GB30) in neuropathic pain induced rats. Methods : Neuropathic pain in rats was induced by tibial and sural nerve transection. The rat subjects were divided into 6 groups : normal (Nor, n = 5), control (Con, n = 5), neuropathic pain- induced injected at GB30 with 1 mg/kg GP (GP-A, n = 5), 5 mg/kg GP (GP-B, n = 5) and 20 mg/kg GP (GP-C, n = 5), and neuropathic pain-induced injected with 1mg/kg Tramadol (Tramadol, n＝5). Injections were administered 2 times a week for a total of 5 treatments. After each treatment plantar withdrawal response was measured and after all 5 treatments were completed c-fos, Bax, Bcl-2, mGlu5 and leukocytes in the blood were analyzed. Results : 1. Groups GP-A, GP-B and GP-C showed a meaningful decrease in the withdrawal response of mechanical allodynia compared to the control group. 2. Groups GP-A, GP-B and GP-C showed a meaningful decrease in the expression of c-fos compared to the control group. 3. Groups GP-A and GP-C showed a meaningful increase in the expression of mGluR5 compared to the control group. 4. Groups GP-A, GP-B and GP-C showed a meaningful decrease in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio compared to the control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix pharmacopuncture at Hwando (GB30) could decrease mechanical allodynia and could have analgesic and neuroprotective effects on the model of neuropathic pain.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국가금학회 2003년도 제20차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
• /
• pp.80-81
• /
• 2003

마늘분말(GP)과 구리의 산란계 사료내 첨가가 난 생산성, 계란의 보존성, 난황 콜레스테롤 함량에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 본 연구를 실시하였다. 52주령 공시계에 GP 0％(대조구), GP 1％, 3 ％ 및 5％, Cu 200ppm, GP 3％-Cu 200ppm을 함유하는 실험사료를 각각 5주간 급여하였다. 난 생산성과 사료 섭취량은 처리간 큰 차이가 없었다. 사료내 GP 첨가수준의 증가와 함께 7일 및 14일 저장후의 Haugh unit 수준이 선형적으로 높아지는 결과가 관찰되었다. GP 3％-Cu 200ppm 첨가구에서의 혈청 및 난황내 콜레스테롤 함량은 대조구에 비해 유의하게 감소하는 결과가 나타났다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제17권7호통권87호
• /
• pp.964-969
• /
• 2007

본 연구는 돼지지방, 올리브유 및 대두유를 첨가한 분쇄돈육의 품질 및 기호성을 검토하기 위하여 돼지지방을 첨가한 분쇄돈육(GP-P), 올리브유를 첨가한 분쇄돈육(GP-O) 및 대두유를 첨가한 분쇄돈육(GP-S) 등 세 종류의 분쇄육을 제조하고 일반성분, 표면색깔, 지방산 조성, 보수력, pH, VBN 함량, TBARS값 및 순위법에 의한 기호성을 측정하였다. 수분, 조단백질, 조지방 및 조회분 함량은 GP-P, GP-O 및 GP-S 사이에 통계적 유의성이 없었다. $L^{*}$(명도), $a^{*}$(적색도) 및 $b^{*}$(황색도)값은 GP-P가 GP-O 및 GP-S보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 가장 많이 함유된 포화지방산은 palmitic acid로서 GP-P(24.384%)가 GP-O(15.611%) 및 GP-S(14.423%)보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 불포화지방산의 경우 GP-P(43.773%)및 GP-O(65.040%)는 oleic acid가 가장 많았으며, GP-S는 linoleic acid(40.762%)가 가장 많이 함유되어 있었다. 보수력은 GP-P가 GP-O 및 GP-S보다 높았으며, pH는 GP-S가 GP-P및 GP-O보다 높았고, VBN 함량 및 TBARS값은 GP-P가 GP-O및 GP-S보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05).가열하지 않은 분쇄돈육의 색깔은 GP-O 및 GP-S가 GP-P보다 우수하였으나(p<0.05), 향기는 시료들 사이에 통계적 유의성이 없었다. 가열 분쇄육의 경우, 향기는 시료들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 맛, 조직감 및 전체적인 기호성은 GP-S가 가장 우수하였고(p<0.05), 다즙성은 GP-O 및 GP-S가 GP-P보다 우수하였다(p<0.05).

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.18-24
• /
• 2001

누에 핵다각체병 바이러스의 gp64 프로모터를 이용한 transient 발현 벡터를 제작하기 위해서 gp64 유전자의 구조를 분석하였다. Southern blotting 분석을 통해 genome DNA에서 gp64 유전자를 탐색하기 gp64 구조유전자를 포함하는 2,277 nucleotide의 염기를 분석하였으며 gp64의 early, late 프로모터 발현을 조절하는 인자들을 확인하였다. gp64프로모터를 이용한 transient 발현 벡터를 제작하고 외래유전자로써 lacZ 유전자를 Bm5 세포주에서 transient 발현시켰다. 세포주 내에 도입된 플라스미드 DNA의 안정성을 확인하였으며, gp64 프로모터의 외래유전자 발현성 여부를 조사하기 위하여 gp64 프로모터 하에 laxZ 유전자를 가지는 재조합 바이러스를 제작하고 $\beta$-galactosidase in 냐셔 staining을 수행한 결과 전체적인 발현량은 매우 약한 것으로 판단되었다. BmNPV-K1의 gp64 프로모터를 이용한 벡터는 더욱 민감한 표지 유전자를 발현시켜 재조합 바이러스의 분리에 이용하거나 숙주세포에 독성을 보이는 유전자 산물의 소량 발현에 더욱 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• 제11권
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 1993

신문 용지용(用) 지료(紙料)의 조성조건(調成條件)에 따른 보류(保留)의 변화를 연구(硏究)한 결과 다음과 같은 사실을 알수가 있었다. 1. 온도(溫度)의 상승(上昇)에 따라 보류(保留)는 지료(紙料)의 종류 및 배합비(配合比)에 관계없이 감소(減少)하였으며 GP보다 DIP가 온도(溫度)변화에 민감(敏感)하였다. 2. pH변화에 따른 보류(保留)의 변화는 GP와 DIP 및 GP/DIP=50/50 모두 pH5에서 보류(保留)가 가장 높았으며 pH 5보다 높거나 낮으면 감소(減少)하였고 DIP가 GP보다 감소(減少)가 적었다. 3. Alum첨가(添加)에 따른 보류(保留)의 변화는 GP와 GP/DIP=50/50의 경우 2% 첨가(添加)에서 보류(保留)가 가장 높았고 DIP는 3% 첨가(添加)에서 가장 높았다. 4. 보류(保留)는 지료(紙料)의 응집작용(凝集作用)과 밀접한 관련이 있었다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.315-320
• /
• 2006

Silymarin showed P-glycoprptein(P-gp) inhibitory activity as much as verapamil, a well-known P-gp inhibitor, by decreasing $IC_{50}$ value of daunomycin(DNM)($16.0{\pm}0.7{\mu}M$), increasing the DNM accumulation($224.9{\pm}3.2%$), and decreasing DNM efflux($58.5{\pm}6.7%$), concurrently. In this study, we clarified the mechanism of action of silymarin for P-gp inhibitory function. First, silymarin may bind to the ATP-binding site and thus, prevent ATP hydrolysis. Second, the P-gp inhibitory activity of silymarin is not related to changing the cellular P-gp level. Third, the cytotoxicity of silymarin was increased in the presence of verapamil, reflecting that silymarin is a competent P-gp substrate against verapamil in the P-gp-overexpressed adriamycin-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer(MCF-7/ADR) cells. Conclusively, silymarin had the P-gp inhibitory activity through the action of competent binding to the P-gp substrate-binding site. Therefore, silymarin can be a good candidate for safe and effective MDR reversing agent in clinical chemotherapy by administering concomitantly with anticancer drugs.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제45권5호
• /
• pp.545-556
• /
• 2001

Crude saponin fractions were isolated using non-ionic resin chromatography from Ginseng Radix Alba (PG) and Gynostemmae Herba+ (GP). These saponin fractions were orally administered to strep- tozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats for 2 weeks and to high-fat diet-induced obese rats for 4 weeks. Treatment with either PG saponin or GP saponin at a dose of 1 mg/kg significantly decreased the plasma glucose level to that of glibenclamide treated or normal groups. The increased plasma triglyceride (TG) level in diabetic rats was decreased by 50% with PG or GP saponin treatment. Combined administration of PG and GP saponins with different ratios (total dose of 1 mg/kg) also had the similar effects on the blood glucose and TG levels with that of PG or GP alone. Treatments with GP (1 mg/kg) or GP (0.5 mg/kg) and PG (0.5 mg/kg) together significantly suppressed the rise in TG levels induced by high-fat diet whereas slightly suppressed the rise in the total cholesterol level. The body weight gain was also decreased both in the two saponin treated groups. These results demonstrate that either alone or mixture of PG and GP have similar degree of effects on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.582-586
• /
• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate the dietary effect of garlic powder (GP) and copper (Cu) on laying performances and the cholesterol content and quality characteristics of eggs during storage in laying hens. A total of one hundred and eighty, 50-wk-old, Hy-Line Brown layers were divided into 6 groups with 3 replicates per group (10 layers per replicate) and fed one of six diets containing GP 0%, GP 1%, GP 3%, GP 5%, Cu 200 ppm, or GP 3%-Cu 200 ppm for 5 wks. There were no differences in the laying performances and feed intakes bertween treatments. Eggshell strength, eggshell thickness and yolk color were also not affected by feeding of GP and Cu. With increasing dietary GP, Haugh unit was linearly increased after 2 wk of storage (p<0.05). The levels of serum total cholesterol in hens fed diets containing GP or Cu were lower than that of the control (p<0.05), but high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was not influenced by dietary GP or Cu. The content of egg yolk cholesterol from hens fed diets containing GP or Cu was significantly decreased from that of the control, except for the GP 1% group. Based on the results of this experiment, the decrease of Haugh unit during storage was alleviated by feeding of GP. The feeding of GP or Cu alone and in combination altered the cholesterol fractions in serum and reduced the content of egg yolk cholesterol in laying hens.