• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.570-578
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• 1991

The spontaneous pneumothorax is the sudden collapse of the lung usually by air leakage from the ruptured sub-pleural bleb and has high recurrence rate. For prevention against recurrence, many drugs such as tetracycline, talcum powder, quinacrine, etc. have been used but the effects are not satisfactory. We reduced the recurrence rate successfully by the fibrin glue instillation through the chest tube. From the January 1989 to September 1990, we have managed 65 patients of spontaneous pneumothorax with closed thoracostomy and fibrin glue[fibrinogen 1gm/50ml with approtinin 3, 000kIU /ml, thrombin 5, 000IU /ml in 3% each 10ml] instillation through the chest tube. And we compared the results with those of 106 patients of spontaneous pneumothorax who were managed only by the closed thoracostomy from January 1985 to December 1988. Only the patients who visited our hospital with recurrence were considered as the recurred cases but the others were considered as not recurred. And the removal of chest tubes usually done 3 days after cessation of air leakage or 2 days after fibrin glue instillation Statistical analysis was done by X2-test. The results were as followings: 1. The recurrence rate of fibrin glue instillation group was lower than that of non-instillation group[1st attack: 15.1% versus 27.6% p<0, 05, the 2nd attack: 33.3% versus 73.7% p<0.01, the total 18.5% versus 35.8% p<0.01]. 2. The mean duration of chest tube drainage in the fibrin glue instillation group was shorter than non-instillation group[4.24$\pm$1.36 days versus 4.48$\pm$1.73 days p<0.05]. 3. The mean duration of hospitalization was shorter in the instillation group [8.12$\pm$3.5 days versus 10.8$\pm$3.8 days p<0.05] The complications were transient mild fever, chest pain, pleural effusion in 46 cases of 65 patients, but those didn`t make any problem. We concluded that the fibrin glue is effective in the reduction of recurrence rate, obliteration of air leakage and duration of hospitalization.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1970

The techniques which have been used for the fecal examination of ruminant infected with the pancreatic flukes, Eurytrema Pancreaticum, were reviewer in their efficiency to detect the ova. One of modified fecal examination: H.F.E. (hydrochloric acid-formalin-ether) sedimentation method was devised in this study. Efficiency in the detecting ability of the fluke eggs with H.F.E. sedimentation method was determined by a series of repeat tests. Among 20 head of cattle known to harbor 1-5 adult worms of the pancreatic fluke, 75% of the infected cattle were detected, and among 60 head of cattle known to harbor more than 6 adult worms, 95% of the infected cattle were detected with H.F.E. sedimentation method. The procedures of the H.F.E. sedimentation method are as follows; 1) Take the sample 5-10 gm., emulsify throughly with 20 ml. of 50% hydrochloric acid in a cup. 2) Strain this mixture through one or two layers of wet surgical gauze into 15ml. centrifuge tube. 3) Washing the cup with 5ml. of 50% hydrochloric acid and strain again. 4) Centrifuge at 2,300 rpm. for 2 minutes. 5) Pour off the supernatant fluid. 6) After the sediment mixed with 10% formalin, stand for 5 minutes. 7) Add 2-3ml. of ether, shake vigorously up and down, after the top of the tube covered with thumb. 8) Centrifuge at 2,300 rpm. for 2 minutes. 9) Loosen the fecal plug in the tube by ringing with an applicator stick. 10) Quickly, but carefully, pour of all, but the bottom layer of sediment. 11) Thoroughly mix the sediment, pour on a slide (or pick up it with a pipett), mount with a cover glass. 12) Examine carefully.

• 기계와재료
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.156-163
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• 2011

쥴톰순 냉동기는 스터링 냉동기, GM 냉동기, 스터링형 및 GM형 맥동관 냉동기 등 기계적 극저온냉동기에 비해 단순한 구조, 수 초의 급속한 냉각특성을 장점으로 중대형의 가스액화사이클 뿐만 아니라 적외선검출기의 급속냉각, 저온수술 등 다양한 분야에서 널리 사용되어지고 있다. 일반적으로 100K 이하의 작동온도 및 수 초 수준의 빠른 냉각을 요구하는 적외선검출기의 냉각을 위해서는 수 백기압 이상 고압의 질소 및 아르곤 가스를 사용하는 쥴톰슨 냉동기가 주로 사용되고 있다. 쥴톰슨 냉동기는 핀-관(fin-tube) 형태의 열교환기와 열교환기의 구조적 기반을 제공하는 멘드렐(mandrel), 쥴톰슨 노즐 등으로 구성되며, 열교환기의 열전달 성능 및 유량조절기구의 특성은 냉동기 저온부의 냉각온도, 냉각시간 및 운전시간에 큰 영향을 미친다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07d
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• pp.2285-2288
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• 2002

Recently, electronic personal dosimeters based upon silicon PIN photodiode or miniature GM tube were developed and have attracted a lot of attention because of the advantages of their nature such as indication of dose rate and the cumulative dose, and facilitation of record keeping. In this paper, we have developed a high-sensitivity electronic personal dosimeter with silicon PIN photodiode. The electronic personal dosimeter is constructed with silicon PIN photodiode, preamplifier, and shaping amplifier. To show the effectiveness of electronic personal dosimeter, we conducted nuclear radiation experiments using $\gamma$-ray Ba-133, Cs-137, and Co-60. The electronic personal dosimeter have a good linearity on $\gamma$-ray energy and activity.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 1994

Among the erythrocyte membrane defects, hereditary spherocytosis is the most common. The erythrocyte membrane defect results from a deficiency of spectrin, the most important structural protein in red cell. Hereditary spherocytosis often presents with hemolytic anemia, jaundice, moderate splenomegaly. Diagnosis is established by the presence of spherocytes in the peripheral blood, reticulocytosis, an increased osmotic fragility, and a negative Coombs test. In children, splenectomy is usually performed after age 6 years but can be done at a younger age if warranted by the severity of the anemia and the need for frequent transfusions. In the period December 1987 to Agust 1993, 9 patients with hereditary spherocytosis underwent splenectomy and the following results were obtained. 1. Nine patients were comprised of five males and four females. 2. Five patients(55.6%) had been admitted to our hospital during age 6-10 years. 3. Four of the nine patients had autosomal dominant inheritance with variable expression. The other five patients had no known inheritance. 4. The diagnosis of the spherocytosis was based on the increased osmotic fragility and increased autohemolysis of the erythrocytes, as well as on the appearance of spherocytes in the peripheral blood smear. 5. In all cases splenectomy was performed. Two patients had concomitant gall stones and choledocholithiasis, respectively. One patient with concomitant gall stones underwent simultaneous cholecystectomy and splenectomy. The other patient associated with choledocholithiasis underwent splenectomy, cholecystectomy, choledocholithotomy, and T-tube drainage. 6. Complete hematologic recovery was obtained by the splenectomy in all cases. 7. Postoperative complication was not occurred.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.341-348
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• 1996

The efficiency of maxillary canine retraction by means of sliding mechanics along an 0.016 continuous labial arch and an 0.009 inch in diameter with a lumen of 0.030 inch NiTi closed coil spring was compared with that using the same NiTi closed coil spring and Molar Anchoring Spring(MAS) which was designed by author. MAS was made of .017" X .025" TMA wire and was given 60 degree tip-back bend on the wire close to the molar tube. This study was designed to investigate molar and canine root control during retraction into an extraction site with continuous arch wire system. Two techniques were tested with a continuous arch model embedded in a photoelastic resin. A photoelastic model was employed to visualize the effects of forces applied to canine and molar by two retraction mechanics. With the aid of polarized light, stresses were viewed as colored fringes. The photoelastic overview of the upper right quadrant showed that stress concentrations were observed in its photoelastic model. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Higher concentration of compression can be seen clearly at the distal curvature of the canine and mesial curvature of the molar and premolar when NiTi closed coil spring was applied only, which means severe anchorage loss of the molar and uncontrolled tipping of the canine. 2. The least level compression was presented at the mesial root area of the molar and premolar, and mesial root area of the canine when NiTi closed coil spring and MAS were used simultaneously. Especially mesial alveolar crest region of the canine was shown moderate level of compression that means MAS can be used as a appliance for anchorage control and prevention of canine extrusion and uncontrolled tipping during canine retraction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.321-327
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• 2009

1,3-butadiene is classified as suspected human carcinogen, group A2(American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, ACGIH). In Korea, 1,3-butadiene has been used as a raw material; monomer, homopolymer, polybutadiene latex, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS) and styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR), in the petrochemistry and precision chemistry industry. As petrochemistry industry in Korea has been developed, the potential exposure possibility of 1,3-butadiene to workers can be increased. Therefore the purpose of this study is to evaluate airborne 1,3-butadiene concentration and workers' exposure levels in the workplace using 1,3-butadiene. Air samples were collected with 4-tert-butyl catechol(TBC) charcoal tube(100 mg/50 mg) and were analyzed by gas chromatograph/flame ionization detector(GC/FID) according to the Choi's method(2002). Geometric mean (GM) and arithmetic mean (AM) of total 59 workers' exposure concentrations to airborne 1.3-butadiene were 0.042 ppm and 1.51 ppm, respectively. Although most samples were lower than 1ppm, 2 samples(21.5ppm and 33.1ppm as 8hr-TWA) were exceeded the Korean standard(2ppm) over 10 times at the repair process in synthetic rubber and resin manufacture industry. 14 samples(41%) of total 34 short-term air samples were exceeded the Korean standard(10ppm as STEL) of Ministry Labor. 1,3-butadiene concentration(GM) in the synthetic rubber and resin manufacture industry(7.87ppm) was significantly higher than that in the monomer manufacure industry (0.35ppm)(p<0.05). Also in the sampling and repair process, each GM(range) was 1.39ppm(N.D.-469.6ppm) and 7.85ppm(N.D.-410.2ppm). In conclusion, it depends on the industry and process, 1,3-butadiene can be exposed to workers as high concentration for short-term.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.177-186
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• 1994

Pentastarch is a hydroxyethyl starch similar to hetastarch, but lower average molecular weight and fewer hydroxyethyl groups which result in enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis and faster renal elimination.This report was performed to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of 10 % pentastarch[Pentaspan , group I] for plasma volume expansion after open heart surgery with that of 5% albumin[Plasmanate, group II]. There were no statistically significant differences between the group I [n=18] and group II [n:19] in the preoperative parameters [age, sex, body weight] and operative parameters[bypass time, aorta cross clamping time]. During the first 24 hours after arrival of the patient in the surgical intensive care unit, colloid solution [500--1000 ml] was infused to maintain left atrial pressure of more than 8 mmHg, or cardiac index of 2.0 L/min/M2 of more. In results, there were 3 complications of hypotension immediately after infusion of 5 % albumin solution and 2 among the 3 patients were excluded for the study. However there was no complication after infusion of 10 % pentastarch solution. Hemodynamic responses to infusion was similar for both groups, although in group I a greater increase in both left atrial pressure[mean 1.8 versus 0.7 mmHg, p< 0.05] and right atrial pressure [mean 2.2 versus 1.7 mmHg, p < 0.05] was observed during infusion of the first 500 ml. There were no significant differences in any of the measured respiratory parameters[PaO2, intrapulmonary shunt, and effective lung compliance]. Homodilution with colloid significantly reduced hemoglobin [mean 1.2 versus 0.8 gm/dl], and serum protein and albumin level[total protein;4.8$\pm$ 0.5 versus 5.2 $\pm$0.5 gm/dl, p < 0.05: albumin: 3.2 $\pm$0.4 versus 3.6 $\pm$0.6 gm/dl, p < 0.05] by 6:00 AM on 1 day postoperatively, however there were no significant differences on 7 day postoperatively. The mean serum colloid osmotic pressure and osmolarity was similar in both group.There were no abnormal findings of liver function and kidney function in all the patients. There were no significant between-group differences in bleeding time, platelets, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and amount of chest tube output measured on 1st and 7th postoperative day. These findings demonstrated that 10% pentastarch is more effective and safe for plasma volume expension than 5 % albumin solution with no adverse effects on coagulation. Also 10 % pentastarch is less expensive than 5 % albumin and it would appeare to be a reasonable first choice for plasma volume expansion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.795-801
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• 2021

The designed drone-based unmanned remote radiation detection module was developed according to the needs of the nuclear power plant decommissioning workshop. Using the Geiger-Mueller tube sensitive to low-level radiation measurement, It was manufactured to measure the amount of radiation leaking into and out of the containment vessel. The drone-based radiation detection module weighs less than 200g, It can be operated inside and outside the containment vessel of a nuclear power plant. To check the performance of the designed equipment, a performance evaluation test was conducted with reference to the international standard (IEC-60864). The stability of the radiation detection module designed to meet the needs of the field the statistical rate of change by repeated measurements in the rate of change experiment to evaluate the measurement accuracy was ±4.6%. The accuracy ±7.3% in the linearity experiment to evaluate the dose rate dependence, the linear The figure satisfies the international performance evaluation standard of ±3.5%. The radiation detection module developed in this study is a customized equipment for a nuclear power plant dismantling workshop. It will be helpful for accurate measurement of space dose rate and safety management of radiation worksites in sites with a lot of radiation dust.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.296-303
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• 2003

A personal portable type electronic dosimeter using silicon PIN photodiode and small GM tube is recently attracting much attention due to its advantages such as an immediate indication function of dose and dose rate, alerting function, and efficient management of radiation exposure history and dose data. We designed and manufactured a semiconductor radiation detector aimed to directly measure X-ray and v-ray irradiated in silicon PIN photodiode, without using high-priced scintillation materials. Using this semiconductor radiation detector, we developed an active electronic dosimeter, which measures the exposure dose using pulse counting method. In this case, it has a shortcoming of over-evaluating the dose that shows the difference between the dose measured with electronic dosimeter and the dose exposed to the human body in a low energy area. We proposed an energy compensation filter and developed a dose conversion algorithm to make both doses indicated on the detector and exposed to the human body proportional to each other, thus enabling a high-precision dose measurement. In order to prove its reliability in conducting personal dose measurement, crucial for protecting against radiation, the implemented electronic dosimeter was evaluated to successfully meet the IEC's criteria, as the KAERI (Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) conducted test on dose indication accuracy, and linearity, energy and angular dependences.