• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1397-1403
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• 2004

By recently study, GM (Gamipaemo-tang) treatment have worked well on the allergic asthma. The purpose of this study was effect of GM extract on helper T cell, major regulator of immune system. Splenic cells from 8-week BALB/c mice were cultured in GM containing media without activation for 48 hours. The MTS assay and flow cytometry study revealed that lymphocyte treated with GM were not effective on CD4+ T cells. Subsequently CD4+ T cells were isolated and cultured in GM containing media. Either GM were not effective on CD4+ T cell without APCs. By FACS scan analysis, the expression of INF-γ, IL-4 were down-regulated in the condition skewed Th1 and Th2 cells respectively, Using ELISA analysis, the expression of INF-γ is up-regulated and IL-4 is down-regulated in the condition skewed Th1, Th2 cells respectively. With RT-PCR analysis, the expression of mRNA for INF-γ is down-regulated and IL-4 is down-regulated in the condition skewed Th1 and Th2 cells respectively. The result suggests that GM inhibited the differetiation of Th2 cells significantly and indicates GM could enhance anti-allergic immune system.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 1986

This sanitary survey was carried out to investigate the bacteriological contamination of cooking utensils and foods of moving tavern in eight sample sites of Seoul area. The results of survey were as follows: 1. The counts by means of total bacteria in cooking utensils and food samples by standard plate count method were as follow: $5.6\times10^5$ per gm in dishcloth, $3.1\times10^6$ per ml in dishwater. In food samples, $5.4\times10^5$ per gm in meat was higher than other samples. 2. The average counts total coliform and fecal coliform in samples by MPN method were as follow: $3.4\times10^4$ MPN per 100ml, and $1.3\times10^2$ MPN per 100ml in chopping board, $6.1\times10^4$MPN per gm and $1.0\times10^2$ MPN per gm in dishcloth, $1.8\times10^5$ MPN per 100ml and $6.1\times10^2$ MPN per 100ml in dishwater. In food samples, $3.1\times10^4$MPN per gm and $2.0\times10^2$ MPN per gm in meat was higher than other samples. 3. The counts by means of Pseudomonas in samples by MPN method were as follow: $2.8\times10^3$ MPN per 100ml in chopping board, $4.7\times10^3$ MPN per gm in dishcloth $5.6\times10^3$ MPN per 100ml in dishwater. In food samples, $2.4\times10^3$ MPN per gm in shellfish was higher than other samples. 4. Isolation cases of Food poisoning organisms from samples were as follow: Staphylococci was detected 9 cases $(17.6\%)$ in chopping board, 7 cases $(13.6\%)$ in dishcloth. In food samples, 9 cases $(25.7\%)$ in meat, 1 case $(4\%)$ in fish samples. Salmonella was detected 2 cases $(3.9\%)$ in dishwater, 1 case in meat samples.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.205-214
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• 2016

A drought-tolerant transgenic rice (Agb0103) was developed using a pepper methionine sulfoxide reductase (CaMsrB2) under the control of rice Rab21 promoter with a selection marker, the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) gene. Commercialization of genetically modified (GM) crops will require the evaluation of risks associated with the release of GM crops. With the potential problems associated to GM crops safety testing, the investigation of their effects on non-target organisms is necessary for environmental risk research. This study was carried out to assess acute toxicity of a GM crop using the water flea (Daphnia magna) for non-target organism risk evaluation. The effect of acute toxicity on Daphnia magna of Agb0103 rice and a non-GM rice, Ilmibyeo, were investigated at different concentrations (0, 625, 1,250, 2,500, 5,000, and 10,000 mg/L). The Agb0103 rice used for the test was confirmed to express the CaMsrB2/PAT gene by the PCR and ELISA. Daphnia magna feeding tests showed no significant differences in cumulative immobility or abnormal response with either Agb0103 rice or non-GM rice. The 48hr-EC50 values showed no difference between Agb0103 rice (2243 mg/L) and non-GM rice (2694 mg/L). These results suggest that there is no significant difference in toxicity to Daphnia magna between Agb0103 rice and its non-GM counterpart.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.150-157
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• 2015

Pedestrian detection has largely been researched as one of the important technologies for autonomous driving vehicle and preventing accidents. There are two categories for pedestrian detection, camera-based and LIDAR-based. LIDAR-based methods have the advantage of the wide angle of view and insensitivity of illuminance change while camera-based methods have not. However, there are several problems with 3D LIDAR, such as insufficient resolution to detect distant pedestrians and decrease in detection rate in a complex situation due to segmentation error and occlusion. In this paper, two methods using GM-PHD filter are proposed to improve the poor rates of pedestrian detection algorithms based on 3D LIDAR. First one improves detection performance and resolution of object by automatic accumulation of points in previous frames onto current objects. Second one additionally enhances the detection results by applying the GM-PHD filter which is modified in order to handle the poor situation to classified multi target. A quantitative evaluation with autonomously acquired road environment data shows the proposed methods highly increase the performance of existing pedestrian detection algorithms.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2002

Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to isolate wound-induced cDNAs from wounded soybean. One of wound-induced cDNA, gmwi33 showed high homology with genes encoding $\beta$-amyrin synthase. The full length cDNA of gmwi33, designated GmAMS1, is 2416 bp long and contains an open reading frame consisted of 739 amino acids. GmAMS1 protein showed 89% identity with licorice GgbAS1 and 86% identity with pea OSCPSY. In 5 day-old, dark-grown seedlings, the expression of GmAMS1 was most strongly induced by light and weakly induced by methyl jasmonate and by low temperature. However, GmAMS1 was not induced by elicitor or UV-B treatment. Such expression pattern might be closely related with the oxygen-radical scavenging activity of soyasaponin.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.263-272
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: This paper describes the successful discrimination of GM crops from the respective wild type (WT) controls using spectroscopy and chemometric analysis. Despite the many benefits that GM crops, their development has raised concerns, particularly about their potential negative effects on food production and the environment. From this point of view, the introduction of GM crops into the market requires the development of rapid and accurate identification technologies to ensure consumer safety. METHODS AND RESULTS: The development of a GM crop discrimination model using spectroscopy involved the pre-processing of the collected spectral information, the selection of a discriminant model, and the verification of errors. Examples of GM versus WT discrimination using spectroscopy are available for soybeans, tomatoes, corn, sugarcane, soybean oil, canola oil, rice, and wheat. Here, we found that not only discrimination but also cultivar grouping was possible. CONCLUSION: Since for the determination of GM crop there is no pre-defined pre-processing method or calibration model, it is extremely important to select the appropriate ones to increase the accuracy in a case-by-case basis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.256-261
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• 2001

Allergenicity of genetically-modified (GM) soybean was evaluated in male Sprague Dawley rats. To confirm the GM soybean used in this study, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using the chromosomal DNA of soybeans. The PCR result provided the clear discrimination of genetically-modified (GM) soybeans. To evaluate the allergenicity of GM soybean and non-GM control one, the soybean homogenate was sensitized subcutaneously 3 times a week for 3 weeks. The doses of soybean were 0, 2 and 20 mg/kg in the protein basis. A week after the last sensitization, antisera were recovered from individual animals. When the sera were injected intradermally on the clipped back of unsensitized rats with various dilutions, followed by a challenge with 20 mg/kg of soybean homogenate containing 1% Evans blue, no sign of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction was detected. In addition, when the sera were treated in the cultures of peritoneal mast cells, the increase of histamine release by anti-(GM soybean) sera was not observed when compared to that by anti-(non-GM soybean) sera. The present results indicate that the GM soybean might not act as a strong allergen in male Sprague Dawley rats.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.360-366
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• 2001

Gangliosides are ubiquitous membrane components in mammalian cells and are suggested to play important roles in various functions such as cell-cell interaction, adhesion, cell differentiation, growth control and signaling. Among all ganglio-series gangliosides, GM3 has the simplest carbohydrate structure, and has been shown as a major gangliosides, in male reproductive system. To study GM3 distribution in the seminiferous tubule and epididymis, frozen sections were stained with specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) against ganglioside GM3. In the seminiferous tubule of testis, pachytene spermatocytes and spermmatids expressed ganglioside GM3, but not in spermatogonia and sertoli cells. Spermatogonia and sertoli cells near the basement membrane were negatively reacted to anti-GM3. In the epididymis, GM3 was expressed only in some interstitial cells. Taken togethers, these results suggest that the expression of ganglioside GM3 in rat seminiferous tubule and epididymis is spatio-temporally regu lated during spermatogenesis.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 2015

Thioredoxin (TRX) is a disulfide reductase present ubiquitously in all taxa and plays an important role as a regulator of cellular redox state. Recently, a redox-independent, chaperone function has also been reported for some thioredoxins. We previously identified nodulin-35, the subunit of soybean uricase, as an interacting target of a cytosolic soybean thioredoxin, GmTRX. Here we report the further characterization of the interaction, which turns out to be independent of the disulfide reductase function and results in the co-localization of GmTRX and nodulin-35 in peroxisomes, suggesting a possible function of GmTRX in peroxisomes. In addition, the chaperone function of GmTRX was demonstrated in in vitro molecular chaperone activity assays including the thermal denaturation assay and malate dehydrogenase aggregation assay. Our results demonstrate that the target of GmTRX is not only confined to the nodulin-35, but many other peroxisomal proteins, including catalase (AtCAT), transthyretin-like protein 1 (AtTTL1), and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 4 (AtACX4), also interact with the GmTRX. Together with an increased uricase activity of nodulin-35 and reduced ROS accumulation observed in the presence of GmTRX in our results, especially under heat shock and oxidative stress conditions, it appears that GmTRX represents a novel thioredoxin that is co-localized to the peroxisomes, possibly providing functional integrity to peroxisomal proteins.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.442-450
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Psy-2A-CrtI (PAC), a genetically modified (GM) rice with enhanced ${\beta}$-carotene, on the soil microbial community. The soil used to cultivate GM rice and its wild-type, Nakdong, was analyzed for population density, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and pyrosequencing. It was found that the bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes population densities of the PAC soils were within the range of those of the non-GM rice cultivar, Nakdong. The DGGE banding patterns of the GM and non-GM soils were also similar, suggesting that the bacterial community structures were stable within a given month and were unaffected by the presence of a GM plant. The pyrosequencing result showed a temporal difference in microorganism taxon and distribution ratio, but no significant difference between GM and non-GM was found. The persistence of the transgene DNA in the plant and surrounding soil were investigated for different time periods. There were differences in the persistence within the plant depending on the gene, but they could not be detected after 5 weeks. Also the transgenes were not detected in the surrounding soil. These results indicate that soil microbial communities are unaffected by the cultivation of a PAC rice within the experimental time frame.