• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 2002

Chitin, a $\beta$-1,4 polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, is one of the most abundant organic compounds in nature. Chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14) is an enzyme that degrades chitin to chito-oligosaccharides, diacetyl rhitobiose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. An extracellular chitinase-producing bacterial strain was isolated from soil and named to as Bacillus subtilis JK-56. Optimum culture condition of B. subtilis JK-56 for the production of chitinase was 1% chitin, 0.5% polypepton, 0.1% KCl, 0.05% MnS $O_4$.4$H_2O$, 37$^{\circ}C$, initial pH 7.0 and 40 hour culture time. When B. subtilis JK-56 was grown in the optimum medium, one major active band and two minor active bands were detected by native-PAGE and active staining of the gel. Among them, the major band was purified from the culture supernatant by 70% ammonium sulfate precipitation and native-PAGE with BIO-RAD Model 491 Prep-Cell and named as Chi-56A. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 53kDa monomer and the isoelectric point (pI) was pH 4.3. The pH and temperature for the optimum activity of Chi-56A were pH 6.0 and $65^{\circ}C$, respectively. Chi-56A was stable up to $65^{\circ}C$ and in alkaline region. Its $K_{m}$ value for colloidal chitin was 17.33g/L. HPLC analysis of the reaction products confirmed that Chi-56A was an exo type chitinase.e.

• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 2016

Purpose: Mucolipidosis type II (ML II), also known as I-cell disease is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder of lysosomal enzyme transport caused by a deficiency of the uridine diphosphate (UDP)-N-acetylglucosamine:lysosomal enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase (GlcNAc-phosphotransferase). Clinical manifestations are skeletal abnormalities, mental retardation, cardiac disease, and respiratory complications. A severely and rapidity progressive clinical course leads to death before 10 years of age. Methods/Results: In this study we diagnosed three cases of prenatal ML II in two different at-risk families. We compared two procedures -biochemical analysis and molecular analysis - for the prenatal diagnosis of ML II. Both methods require an invasive procedure to obtain specimens for the diagnosis. Biochemical analysis requires obtaining cell cultures from amniotic fluid for more than two weeks, and would result in a late diagnosis at 19 to 22 weeks of gestation. Molecular genetic testing by direct sequence analysis is usually possible when mutations are confirmed in the proband. Molecular analysis has an advantage in that it can be performed during the first-trimester. Conclusion: Molecular diagnosis is a preferable method when a prompt decision is necessary.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.237-244
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• 1994

Callus tissues derived from protoplast of Alnus hirsuta were shown to produce red pigments under the continuous light. The R4 cell line with high yield of the pigments was selected. One of the red pigments was identified as anthocyanin; glucose and galactose as sugar moiety and cyandin as aglycone, by spectroscopic analysis, cellulose TLC and GLC. Both callus growth and anthocyanin accumulation were remarkably stimulated by 2,4-D. The highest anthocyanin yield was observed when $1\;\mu\textrm{M}$ 2,4-D in combination with $0.1\;\mu\textrm{M}$ BAP was supplemented to the culture medium. In case of inorganic salts, anthocyanin yield was enhenced by reducing concentration of phosphate from 5.0 mM to 2.5 mM and by increasing the ratio of ${NO_3}^{-}$ type to 80% for total nitrogen source.source.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 1978

Sterol compositions of three solanaceous plant seed oils i.e., tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.), datura (Datura stramonium L.) and Chinese lycium (Lycium chinense Mill.) were analyzed by thin layer chromatography, gas liquid chromatography and gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Cholesterol, cholest-7-enol, campesterol, 24-methylenecholesterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol, and 28-isofucosterot were identified in 4-des-methylsterol fraction. 31-Norlanost-8-enol, $4{\alpha}$-methylcholest-8-enol, lophenol, 31-norlanosterol, obtusifoliol, 31-norcycloartenol, cyloeucalenol, gramisterol (24-methylenelophenol), and citrostadienol in 4-monomethylsterol fraction, and lanost-8-enol, cycloartanol, lanosterol, ${\beta}$-amyrin, 24-methylenelanost-8-enol, cycloartenol, lupeol and 24-methylenecycloartanol in 4,4-dimethylsterol fraction were identified respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.686-692
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• 2004

To develop the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the analysis of N-acetylehitooligosaccharides (NACOS) and chitooligosaccharides (COS), specific antibodies (Abs) were produced, and their properties were compared. N-acetylehitohexaose (NACOS6), chitohexaose (COS6), and COS mixture (COSM) conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) were used to immunize rabbits. By the use of specific Abs and NACOS6-horseradish peroxidase (HRP), COS6-HRP, and COSM-HRP conjugates, competitive direct ELISA (cdELISA) was developed. The detection limits of NACOS6 by the anti-NACOS6 Ab and COS6 by the anti-COS6 and the anti-COSM Abs in the cdELISAs were about 0.2, 2, ana 2 ng/ml (ppb), respectively. In the cdELISA, the anti-NACOS6 Ab was found to recognize NACOS3-NACOS6, but not N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), NACOS2, and COSs; the anti-COS6 Ab recognized COS2-COS6 and COSM, but not glucosamine (GlcN) and NACOSs. The recognition pattern of the anti-COSM Ab was almost the same as that of the anti- COS6 Ab, except that the former recognized COS2 and COS3 slightly better than the latter.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.859-865
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• 2008

Bacterial glycosyltransferases have drawn growing attention as economical enzymes for oligosaccharide synthesis, with their easy expression and relatively broad substrate specificity. Here, we characterized a glycosyltransferase homolog (Fnu_GT) from a human oral pathogen, Fusobacterium nucleatum. Bioinformatic analysis showed that Fnu_GT belongs to the glycosyltransferases family II. The recombinant Fnu_GT (rFnu_GT) expressed in Escherichia coli displayed the highest glycosylation activity when UDP-galactose (Gal) was used as a donor nucleotide-sugar with heptose or N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) as an acceptor sugar. Interestingly, rFnu_GT transferred the galactose moiety of UDP-Gal to a nonreducing terminal GlcNAc attached to the trimannosyl core glycan, indicating its potential as an enzyme for human-type N-glycan synthesis.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.503-509
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• 1985

Sixteen organochlorine pesticides extracted out from the crops and cleaned by solvent-solvent partitioning and Florisil column chromatography were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. The majority of the pesticides were well separated by being eluted through 5% QF-1 column and some of them through 3% OV-17 column and 2.596 DC-200/2.5% QF-1 column, and the eluted pesticides were detected by $^{63}Ni$ electron capture detector. The linear calibration curves were obtained for the most of pesticides while some curves were slightly deviated from the linearity. In the determination of 16 pesticides added to thirteen kinds of crops, the recoveries were showed over 85% for the most cases and the relative standard deviations of 5 analyses were less than 12.1%. The results were within the criteria of the AOAC method.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.153-156
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• 1982

The essential oil fraction of Chrysanthemum sibiricum Turcz. (Compositae) was analysed by means of TLC and GLC. Utilizing silicagel column chromatography, a blue-color compound was isolated, and purified by preparative TLC. The obtain compound had the same Rf-value on TLC and exactly same UV-visible and IR spectra with that of chamazulene isolated from Matricaria chamomilla L. The composition of the essential oil was also compared with those from flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum L. and Chrysanthemum morifolim Ramatuelia.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.148-157
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• 2004

A rapid analytical method was developed to determine multiple pesticide residues in apples and pears using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). The samples were extracted with water-miscible solvents and purified by cleanup procedures serially comprising liquid-liquid partition and solid-phase extraction (SPE). Each analyte was separated and determined by a high-resolution GLC equipped with electron-capture detector (ECD) and nitrogen-phosphorous detector (NPD). A total of 196 pesticides, which were previously classified into 5 groups each for ECD and NPD based on their retention behaviors on the capillary column and responses to the detector, were subjected to the recovery experiment. In compliance with the analytical criteria, 70 to 120% of recovery and less than 20% relative standard deviation the proposed method could be successfully applied to analyze 136 and 133 pesticide residues in apples and pears, respectively, which enabled not only rapid screening but quantitation of the residues. Even though less reliability was resulted from unacceptable recovery range, rest of pesticides including 43 and 45 analyzes in apples and pears, could be also detected for their identity. The proposed method fliled to cover 17 and 18 pesticides for apples and pears, which mostly showed high polarity or heat-lability but could be suitable far fast surveilance or monitoring of fruit harvests.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.16 no.4 s.33
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• pp.221-227
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• 1977

Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) interfere with gas chromatographic analysis of multiple organochlorine pesticide residues. In the present work, existing Florisil column chromatographic method has been modified as to improve separation of organochlorine pesticides and their metabolites from PCBs. It was amply demonstrated that separation of $\alpha-BHC,\; \gamma-BHC$ Heptachlor epoxide Dieldrin, p.p-DDD, p.p'-DDT from PCBs such as Aroclor 1254 is complete and recovery of the pesticides is found quantitative. Aldrin and Heptachlor in the Aroclor eluant can be separately analyzed by comparison of the chromatographic pattern of standard Aroclor 1254 with that of Aroclor 1254 a dmixed with the two pesticides. The Florsil column technique can be utilized in the routine evaluation of the organochlorine pesticide residues by gas chromatography.