• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.40 no.6
• /
• pp.148-160
• /
• 2012

The main purpose of this paper is to deliver a climate analysis and evaluation method based on GIS by using airborne LiDAR data and Biotop type map and to provide spatial information of climate analysis and evaluation based on Biotop type Map. At first stage, the area, slope, slope length, surface, wind corridor function and width, and obstacle factors were analyzed to obtain cold/fresh air production and wind corridor evaluation. In addition, climate evaluation was derived from those two results in the second stage. Airborne LiDAR data are useful in wind corridor analysis during the study. Correlation analysis results show that ColdAir_GRD grade was highly correlated with Surface_GRD (-0.967461139) and WindCorridor_ GRD was highly correlated with Function_GRD (-0.883883476) and Obstacle_GRD (-0.834057656). Climate Evaluation GRID was highly correlated with WindCorridor_GRD (0.927554516) than ColdAir_GRD (0.855051646). Visual validations of climate analysis and evaluation results were performed by using aerial ortho-photo image, which shows that the climate evaluation results were well related with in-situ condition. At the end, we applied climate analysis and evaluation by using Biotop map and airborne LiDAR data in Gwangmyung-Shiheung City, candidate for the Bogeumjari Housing District. The results show that the aerial percentile of the 1st Grade is 18.5%, 2nd Grade is 18.2%, 3rd Grade is 30.7%, 4th Grade is 25.2%, and 5th Grade is 7.4%. This study process provided both the spatial analysis and evaluation of climate information and statistics on behalf of each Biotop type.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.357-370
• /
• 2014

This study aims to develop a rainfall field tracking method for depth-area-duration (DAD) analysis and assess whether the proposed tracking methods are able to properly estimate the maximum average areal rainfall (MAAR) within the study area during a rainfall period. We proposed three different rainfall field tracking algorithms (Box-tracking, Point-tracking, Advanced point-tracking) and then applied them to the virtual rainfall field with 1hr duration and also compared DAD curves of each method. In addition, we applied the three tracking methods and a traditional GIS-based tool to the typhoon 'Nari' rainfall event of the Yongdam-Dam watershed and then assess applicability of the proposed methods for DAD analysis. The results showed that Box-tracking was much faster than the other two tracking methods in terms of searching for the MAAR but it was impossible to describe rainfall spatial pattern during its tracking processes. On the other hand, both Point-tracking and Advanced point-tracking provided the MAAR by considering the spatial distribution of rainfall fields. In particular, Advanced point-tracking estimated the MAAR more accurately than Point-tracking in the virtual rainfall field, which has two rainfall centers with similar depths. The proposed automatic rainfall field tracking methods can be used as effective tools to analyze DAD relationship and also calculate areal reduction factor.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.28-43
• /
• 2022

This study classified UAV image-based physical spatial types for parks in urban areas of Changwon City and analyzed thermal comfort characteristics according to physical spatial types by comparing them with ENVI-met thermal comfort results. Physical spatial types were classified into four types according to UAV-based NDVI and SVF characteristics. As a result of ENVI-met thermal comfort, the T_MRT difference between the tree-dense area and other areas was up to 30℃ or more, and it was 19. 6℃ at 16:00, which was the largest during the afternoon. As a result of analyzing UAV-based physical spatial types and thermal comfort characteristics by time period, it was confirmed that the physical spatial types with high NDVI and high SVF showed a similar to thermal comfort change patterns by time when using UAV, and the physical spatial types with dense trees and artificial structures showed a low correlation to thermal comfort change patterns by time when using UAV. In conclusion, the possibility of identifying the distribution of thermal comfort based on UAV images was confirmed for the spatial type consisting of open and vegetation, and the area adjacent to the trees was found to be more thermally pleasant than the open area. Therefore, in the urban planning stage, it is necessary to create an open space in consideration of natural covering materials such as grass and trees, and when using artificial covering materials, it is judged that spatial planning should be done considering the proximity to trees and buildings. In the future, it is judged that it will be possible to quickly and accurately identify urban climate phenomena and establish urban planning considering thermal comfort through ground LIDAR and In-situ measurement-based UAV image correction.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.329-341
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study focused on the distribution of crimes in Cheongju City. This study emphasized the characteristics of place and spatial pattern of crime in Central Business District(CBD). The crime core areas were delineated and explained through land-use based on fieldwork and GIS analysis For this aim. the police crime data of Cheongju Dongbu(east). Seobu(west) for 1998 were collected In which 3.909 indictable or similar offenses were reported. In this study, Included climes are murder. rape, robbery. arson, theft, burglary, assault and vandalism. Because theme crimes are related with site-specific crime. As a result. land-use patterns are often related to specific type of offenses. The climes in Cheongju City were concentrated in the CBD Most crimes were assaults and thefts Crime areas can be classified by the age of the offender Around Chungang and Pungmul Market in the CBD. the offender＇s ages were 30-50 dominantly Assaults and thefts were concentrated in Songan-gil(street). which is a place teen-ages and youngsters meet frequently The result of the buffering analysis with roads, explained 40% of crime within a 30m buffer area( including both sides) of a principal road The rest of the climes mainly occurred in the vicinity of narrow streets and alleys.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.37-47
• /
• 2000

Since 1995, agropolitan cities have been created, in order to pursue the balanced development between urban cities and its surrounding rural counties. However, the inequality of regional level that was caused by indiscreet development has become the ever-serious problems recently. Therefore, this study aims to analyze regional characteristics and patterns for setting up the sustainable spatial planning. Firstly, the regional characteristics were summarized by five factors; development-oriented factor, agricultural factor, living environmental factor, rice growing, fruit gardening factor. The regional patterns were classified with five patterns using cluster analysis; orchard farming, farming of medium and small size, small stagnation, under urbanization, mixed urban-rural properties, and industry of southeastern seashore. Accuracy of the results by discrimination analysis showed that pattern II, V, and VI were confidence level of 100%, but the others had nearly 90% confidence level.

• Journal of KIBIM
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.30-36
• /
• 2015

The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) has provided abundant resources and guidelines for a new project to become a sustainable anchor in the neighborhood. Paired with a range of checklist, LEED has strong influence on the standards for a sustainable building, and it also has played an iconic role in energy-efficient architecture. However, it is still unclear as to whether or not an LEED certified building enhances environmental benefits to its surroundings. If an LEED certification promises a baseline for an eco-friendly building, then a group of these structures should ensure significant environmental benefits to the society. This is the main question of this study, and the authors answer this hypothesis by examining the relationship of LEED certificates and their influence on outdoor temperature, especially in terms of urban heat island effect. The goal of this paper is to analyze the influence of the LEED certification on urban temperature as an indicator of sustainable architecture's regional interactions. If an LEED certificate is regarded as a strong contributor to a sustainable built environment, then a group of these certificates should result in greater benefits to society. To this extent, the authors question if there is any possible relationship between a large concentration of LEED certified sites and the temperature of their surroundings. To properly assess the research direction, Global Moran's I analysis, Local Moran's I analysis, and Hot Spot analysis are implemented to find the clustered areas of LEED certified buildings. For examining relationships between clustered area and its temperature, correlation efficients are calculated.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2021

Recently, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is increasing in the field of land information acquisition and terrain exploration through high-altitude aerial photography. High-altitude aerial photography is suitable for large-scale geographic information collection, but has the disadvantage that it is difficult to accurately collect small-scale geographic information. Therefore, this study used low-altitude UAV to monitor changes in small rural spaces around rural resources, and the results are as follows. First, the low-altitude aerial imagery had a very high spatial resolution, so it was effective in reading and analyzing topographic features. Second, an area with a large number of aerial images and a complex topography had a large amount of point clouds to be extracted, and the number of point clouds affects the three-dimensional quality of rural space. Third, 3D mapping technology using point cloud is effective for monitoring rural space and rural resources because it enables observation and comparison of parts that cannot be read from general aerial images. In this study, the possibility of rural space analysis of low-altitude UAV was verified through aerial photography and analysis, and the effect of 3D mapping on rural space monitoring was visually analyzed. If data acquired by low-altitude UAV are used in various forms such as GIS analysis and topographic map production it is expected to be used as basic data for rural planning to maintain and preserve the rural environment.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.100-119
• /
• 2020

During recent years, the heat environment and particulate matter (PM₁₀) have become serious environmental problems, as increases in heat waves due to rising global temperature interact with weakening atmospheric wind speeds. There exist urban heat islands and urban pollution islands with higher temperatures and air pollution concentrations than other areas. However, few studies have examined these issues together because of a lack of micro-scale data, which can be constructed from spatial data. Today, with the help of satellite images and big data collected by private telecommunication companies, detailed spatial distribution analyses are possible. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the spatial distribution patterns of urban heat islands and urban pollution islands within Busan Metropolitan City and to compare the distributions of the two phenomena. In this study, the land surface temperature of Landsat 8 satellite images, air temperature and particulate matter concentration data derived from a private automated meteorological observation system were gridded in 30m × 30m units, and spatial analysis was performed. Analysis showed that simultaneous zones of urban heat islands and urban pollution islands included some vulnerable residential areas and industrial areas. The political migration areas such as Seo-dong and Bansong-dong, representative vulnerable residential areas in Busan, were included in the co-occurring areas. The areas have a high density of buildings and poor ventilation, most of whose residents are vulnerable to heat waves and air pollution; thus, these areas must be considered first when establishing related policies. In the industrial areas included in the co-occurring areas, concrete or asphalt concrete-based impervious surfaces accounted for an absolute majority, and not only was the proportion of vegetation insufficient, there was also considerable vehicular traffic. A hot-spot analysis examining the reliability of the analysis confirmed that more than 99.96% of the regions corresponded to hot-spot areas at a 99% confidence level.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 2014

Landsat OLI satellite imagery can be applied to various remote sensing applications, such as generation of land cover map, urban area analysis, extraction of vegetation index and change detection, because it includes various multispectral bands. In addition, land cover map is an important information to monitor and analyze land cover using GIS. In this paper, land cover map is generated by using Landsat OLI and existing land cover map. First, training dataset is obtained using correlation between existing land cover map and unsupervised classification result by K-means, automatically. And then, spectral signatures corresponding to each class are determined based on training data. Finally, abundance map and land cover map are generated by using iterative spectral mixture model. The experiment is accomplished by Landsat OLI of Cheongju area. It shows that result by our method can produce land cover map without manual training dataset, compared to existing land cover map and result by supervised classification result by SVM, quantitatively and visually.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.28 no.3D
• /
• pp.407-415
• /
• 2008

This study presents the methodology to link with aerial photos for advancing the accuracy of topographic survey data that is used to calculate water volume in urban stream. First, GIS spatial interpolation technique as Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) and Kriging was applied to construct the terrain morphology to the sand-bar and grass area using cross-sectional survey data, and also validation point data was used to estimate the accuracy of created topographic data. As the result of comparison, IDW ($d^{-2}_{ij}$, 2nd square number) in Sand-bar area and Kriging Spherical model in grass area showed more efficient results in the construction of topographic data of river boundary. But the differences among interpolation methods are very slight. Image classification method, Minimum Distance Method (MDM) was applied to extract sand-bar and grass area that are located to river boundary efficiently and the elevation value of extracted layers was allocated to the water level point value. Water volume with topographic data from aerial photos shows the advanced accuracy of 13% (in sand-bar) and 12% (in grass) compared to the water volume of original terrain data. Therefore, terrain analysis method in river linking with aerial photos is efficient to the monitoring about sand-bar and grass area that are located in the downstream of Dam in flooding season, and also it can be applied to calculate water volume efficiently.