• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.477-482
• /
• 1998

In the aquaculture industry, a photobioreactor (Pbr) with high productivity is a prerequisite for mass production of Chlorella sp., a feeding fry for Rotifer (Brachinous plicatilis). To enhance the productivity of Chlorella sp., model Pbrs such as Cylinder type, Spherical surface type, Half-spherical surface type, Plate type, Raceway pond type and Water-wheel type Pbr with different values of surface area exposed to light/culture volume (S/V) were manufactured, and the maximum specific growth rate (${\mu}_{max}$) and productivity of Chlorella vulgaris 211-11b at $25^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0 and 12,000 lux were compared each other. The ${\mu}_{max}$ and productivity were not proportional to S/V. Among the 6 model Pbrs, Half-spherical surface type Pbr showed the highest ${\mu}_{max}$ and productivity as 2.206 ($day^{-1}$) and 0.247($g^{{\ell}-1}day^{-1}$).

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.45 no.2 s.143
• /
• pp.227-234
• /
• 2006

For the biological control of the greenhouse whitefly, aphids, American leaf-miners, Encarsia formosa, Aphidius coiemani, Diglyphus isaea, and Dacnusa sibirica were used as biological control factors. Otherwise, many kinds of environment friendly agricultural materials were also used in the kindly environment friendly farming. For testing the toxicity of environment friendly agricultural materials against to insect parasitoids as biological control factors, 61 environment friendly agricultural materials were selected by using methods and periods with insect parasitoids in the greenhouses. Environment friendly agricultural materials were sprayed to mummies and adults of E. formosa and A. colemani, and adults of Diglyphus isaea and Dacnusa sibirica in laboratory condition. Emergence rates were checked during 12 days after spray to mummies of E. formosa and A. colemani, and survival rates were at 24 and 48 hours after viral test for adult parasitoids, with 10% sugar solution. Emergence rates of E. formosa mummies were inhibited by sprayed the fungicidal environment friendly agricultural material (FEFAM) E and the environment friendly agricultural materials contained molybdenum (EFAMMo) G as 0.4 and 2.7%, respectively. E. formosa adults were not survived in vial for 48hours after sprayed and dried with the environment friendly agricultural materials contained plant extract (EFAMPE) J and the EFAMMo C. The environment friendly agricultural materials contained microelements (EFAMMEs) B and EFAMPE H, environment friendly agricultural materials contained useful soil microorganisms (EFAMSMs) H, FEFAM A and FEFAM D were recorded low survival rates of E. formosa adults with 6.7, 13.3, 13.3, 20.0 and 20.0, respectively. In case of the spraying environment friendly agricultural materials to mummies of A. colemani there were low emergence rate from mummies to adults as around 20s % with water spraying as control. A. colemani adults were not survived in vial with EFAMMo C. EFAMPE J, EFAMPE F, EFAMPE H, EFAMSM H were recorded low survival rates under 20% as 6.7, 13.3, 13.3 and 13.3, respectively, D. isaea and D. sibirica adults were not survived in vial with EFAMPE J. EFAMMo C was 53.3% of survival rates in 48 hours vial tests. D. isaea and D. sibirica were not affected by environment friendly agricultural materials compared with E. formosa and A. colemani.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.14-17
• /
• 2014

In this paper, indium reduced materials for transparent conductive electrodes (TCE) were fabricated and their physical properties were evaluated. Two of materials, indium-zinc-tin oxide (IZTO) and aluminum (Al) were selected as TCE materials. In case of IZTO nanoparticles, composition ratios of In, Zn and Sn is 8:1:1 were synthesized. Size of the synthesized IZTO nanoparticles were less than 10 nm, and specific surface areas were about $90m^2/g$ indicating particle sizes are very fine. Also, the IZTO nanoparticles were well crystallized with (222) preferred orientation despite it was synthesized at the lowered temperature of $300^{\circ}C$. Composition ratios of In, Zn and Sn were very uniform in accordance with those as designed. Meanwhile, Al was deposited onto glass by sputtering in a vacuum chamber for mesh architecture. The Al was well deposited onto the glass, and no pore was observed from the Al surface. The sheet resistance of Al on glass was about $0.3{\Omega}/{\square}$ with small deviation of $0.025{\Omega}/{\square}$, and adhesion was good on the glass substrate since no pelt-off part of Al was observed by tape test. If the Al mesh is combined with ink coated layer which is consistent of IZTO nanoparticles, it is expected that the good and reliable metal mesh architecture for TCE will be formed.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.201-206
• /
• 2002

Reproductive cycle of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians, transplanted from China on 16 August 1996, was investigated monthly until August 1997 in the Deukyang Bay, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea. Sexuality of this species is hermaphrodite and oviparous, Monthly changes in the soft part weight index and adductor muscle weight (g) began to increase from October and reached the maximum in November, and then the values gradually decreased from December to August, The gonadosomatic index (GI) began to increase in March and reached the maximum in April. Thereafter, the values gradually decreased from May to December, The reproductive cycle of this species, transplanted in the south coast of Korea could be divided into 5 successive stages; early active (October to February), late active (November to May), ripe (February to May), spawning (May to June) with a peak in May, and spent/inactive stage (June to August).

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.377-384
• /
• 1996

A 15-week of growth trial was conducted to evaluate practical diets for growing Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). Two replicate groups of the fish average weighing 125 g were fed one of four experimental diets containing $41\~45\%$ protein and $6\~8\%$ lipid. A control diet with $58\%$ fish meal as protein source was included and practical form diets with $40\%$ fish meal and various practical ingredients such as meat meal, blood meal, soybean meal, and corn gluten meal were included. These experimental dry pellet diets were compared with commercial diets containing $51\~53\%$ protein and $5\~13\%$ lipid for marine fish or raw fish-based moist pellet (RMP) diet containing $58\%$ protein and $9\%$ lipid consisted of $50\%$ frozen horse mackerel and $50\%$ commercial binder meal. Weight gain, feed efficiency, daily feed intake and protein efficiency ratio in the fish fed the experimental diets and commercial diets were not significantly different to those in the fish fed the control diet. However weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio in the fish fed the RMP diet were significantly higher than those in the fish fed the experimental diets and commercial diets. These differences of growth performance between experimental diets and RMP diet may be reason for different dietary protein and energy levels. The experimental diet can save up to $20\%$ cost of fish production compare with control diet, whereas RMP diet is more expensive than other diets in the fish production.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.519-526
• /
• 2003

Pancreatic lipase and ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activities in purified extracts of pumpkin and job's tear were studied. Pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity was determined by measuring the rate of releasing oleic acid from triolein, and ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity was determined by iodometric method. The extracts of pumpkin and job's tear were purified using silica gel and C-18 gel column chromatographies. Treatment of pumpkin extract $(120\;{\mu}g/mL)$ in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte decreased differentiation about 95% and blocked accumulation of lipid. Body weights of rats fed high-fat diet containing dietary supplement decreased about 13% as compared with those fed only highfat diet. These results revealed dietary supplement is a good obesity-reducing material for decreasing lipid and carbohydrate absorptions.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.340-345
• /
• 1993

In order to investigate the quality changes during the storage after curing were determined volatile basic nitrogen(VBN), amino nitrogen, total creatinine, total carotenoid, extents of browning, reducing sugar and glycogen. During the storage of $5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ after fermented for 1 or 2 days at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, amino nitrogen increased slowely. Whereas the total carotenoid and glycogen decreased. Browning did not occurred for 50 days. Total creatinine increased gradually until 20 days but reducing sugar increased continuously through 50 days of storage. The result of sensory evaluation during the storage of fermented ascidian added $0.1\%$ papain and protease-A with NaCl $10\%\;and\;15\%$ showed that original taste and flavor of ascidian for $30{\sim}40$ days of storage at $5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.181-191
• /
• 2008

RAS guanyl-releasing protein 3 (RasGRP3), a member of the Ras subfamily of GTPases, functions as a guanosine triphosphate (GTP)/guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-regulated switch that cycles between inactive GDP- and active GTP-bound states during signal transduction. Various growth factors enhance hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) proliferation via activation of the Ras/Raf-1/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, which depends on RasGRP3 activation. We investigated the relationship between polymorphisms in RasGRP3 and progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected HCC in a Korean population. Nineteen RasGRP3 SNPs were genotyped in 206 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and 86 patients with HCC. Our results revealed that the T allele of the rs7597095 SNP and the C allele of the rs7592762 SNP increased susceptibility to HCC (OR=1.55, p=0.04 and OR=1.81${\sim}$2.61, p=0.01${\sim}$0.03, respectively). Moreover, patients who possessed the haplotype (ht) 1 (A-T-C-G) or diplotype (dt) 1 (ht1/ht1) variations had increased susceptibility to HCC (OR=1.79${\sim}$2.78, p=0.01${\sim}$0.03). In addition, we identified an association between haplotype1 (ht1) and the age of HCC onset; the age of HCC onset are earlier in ht1 +/+ than ht1 +/- or ht1 -/- (HR=0.42${\sim}$0.66, p=0.006${\sim}$0.015). Thus, our data suggest that RasGRP3 SNPs are significantly associated with an increased risk of developing HCC.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.103-112
• /
• 2015

Bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) has been farmed only in the South Sea of Korea. East Sea Fisheries Research Institute (ESFRI) has developed bay scallop aquaculture technologies to extend its aquaculture area to the Southeast Sea of Korea. For the artificial spawning, the water temperature was maintained at $23^{\circ}C$. Over 100,000,000 eggs were spawned through artificial spawning inductions, such as air exposure and thermal shock by rising the water temperature. The fertilization rate was over 91% with nearly 94,000,000 fertilized eggs. The shape of fertilized eggs was spherical with an average diameter of $61.7{\pm}0.05{\mu}m(54.1-67.4{\mu}m)$. Five days after fertilization, the eggs developed into prodissoconch shell, and continuously grew into umbo stage and then umbones stage. After 8 days of fertilization, the size of larva became $179.7{\pm}8.4{\mu}m$ on average ($150.4-204.8{\mu}m$), and the larva formed a foot and an eye spot. The larvae grew to $235.4{\pm}9.7{\mu}m$ in 10 days and attached to adherence material, becoming juvenile bay scallop. The shells grew from 22.71 mm to 72.40 mm in 6 month (June-December). The total weight increased from 2.0 g to 32.7 g at the same period. The daily growth rates of young scallop were $0.35mm\;d^{-1}$ (Apr. to Jun.) and $0.41mm\;d^{-1}$ (Jun. to Aug.), which were comparable to those found in the South Sea. These findings suggest that the bay scallop aquaculture may be suitable in the Southeast Sea of Korea and may provide an additional crop to aquaculturists.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.22 no.12
• /
• pp.1665-1672
• /
• 2012

An 80% ethanol extract of Hizikia fusiforme was obtained and followed by successive fractionation using the organic solvents n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol to identify the antioxidative substance. The aqueous part of the nbutanol fractionation step, showing high antioxidative activity, was subjected to reverse-phase liquid chromatography. As a result, a substance purified from a BB-2 fraction showed high antioxidative activity. The m/z 419 [M+H] molecular ion peak in the fraction was observed by the analysis of the ESI-LC/MS spectrum. By the analysis of 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-$d_6$) and $^{13}C$ NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-$d_6$) spectra, a unique compound of the fraction was biochemically identified as a 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone (5HHMF). We also investigated the effect of 5HHMF on human gastric AGS carcinoma cells. Western blot analysis suggested that the flavone substantially increased the levels of the death receptor-associated apoptosis mediators Fas, Fas L, FADD, TRADD, and DR4 in a concentration-dependent manner. The levels of Fas, Fas L, TRADD, and DR4 in the cells treated with 5HHMF ($5{\mu}g/ml$) were approximately 26.4-, 12.8-, 6.7-, and 9.8-times higher than those of non-treated cells, respectively. Of note, the level of FADD protein in the cells exposed to 5HHMF ($1{\mu}g/ml$) increased approximately 9.6-times. In addition, the cleavage of caspase-3, -8, and -9 in cultured AGS cells treated with 5HHMF was significantly confirmed. Therefore, our results suggest that 5HHMF from H. fusiforme is involved in the induction of death receptor-associated apoptosis mediators in human gastric AGS carcinoma cells.