• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.175-179
• /
• 1997

bliniaturization oi microwave circuit components is an important issue with the development in the mobile communication. Capacitors, inductors anti hybrid devices of these are building blocks of electric circuits, and the fabrication of these devices using thin film technology will influence on the miniaturization of electronic devices In this paper, we report the successful fabrication of the inductors, capacitors and LC hybrid devices using a ferroelectric and a ferromagnetic oxide thin iilm. Au, stable at high temperatures in oxidizing ambient, is patterned by lift-off process, and oxide thin films are deposited by ion beam sputtering and chemical vapor deposition. These devices are characterized by a network analyzer in 0.5-15GtIz range We got the inductance of 5nH, capacitance oi 10, 000 pF and resonant frequencies of $10^{6}-10^{9}Hz$.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.33 no.8
• /
• pp.330-336
• /
• 2023

The effects of Ni²⁺ substitution for Mg²⁺-sites on the microwave dielectric properties of (Mg_1-xNi_x)(Ti_0.95(Mg_1/3Ta_2/3)_0.05)O₃ (0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) (MNTMT) ceramics were investigated. MNTMT ceramics were prepared by conventional solid-state reaction. When the MgO / TiO₂ ratio was changed from 1.00 to 1.02, MgTi₂O₅ was detected as a secondary phase along with the MgTiO₃ main phase in the MNTMT specimens sintered at 1,400 ℃ for 4h. For the MNTMT specimens with MgO / TiO₂ = 1.07 sintered at 1,400 ℃ for 4h, a single phase of MgTiO₃ with an ilmenite structure was obtained from the entire range of compositions. The relative density of all the specimens sintered at 1,400 ℃ for 4h was higher than 95 %. The quality factor (Qf) of the sintered specimens depended strongly on the degree of covalency of the specimens, and the sintered specimens with x = 0.01 showed the maximum Qf value of 489,400 GHz. The dielectric constant (K) decreased with increasing Ni²⁺ content because Ni²⁺ had a lower dielectric polarizability (1.23ų) than Mg²⁺ (1.32ų). As Ni²⁺ content increased, the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (TCF) improved, from -55.56 to -21.85 ppm/℃, due to the increase in tolerance factor (t) and the lower dielectric constant (K).

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.31-44
• /
• 2009

The objective of this study was to measure backscattering coefficients of paddy rice using a L-, C-, and X-band scatterometer system with full polarization and various angles during the rice growth period and to relate backscattering coefficients to rice growth parameters. Radar backscattering measurements of paddy rice field using multifrequency (L, C, and X) and full polarization were conducted at an experimental field located in National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS), Suwon, Korea. The scatterometer system consists of dual-polarimetric square horn antennas, HP8720D vector network analyzer ($20\;MHz{\sim}20\;GHz$), RF cables, and a personal computer that controls frequency, polarization and data storage. The backscattering coefficients were calculated by applying radar equation for the measured at incidence angles between $20^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$ with $5^{\circ}$ interval for four polarization (HH, VV, HV, VH), respectively. We measured the temporal variations of backscattering coefficients of the rice crop at L-, C-, X-band during a rice growth period. In three bands, VV-polarized backscattering coefficients were higher than hh-polarized backscattering coefficients during rooting stage (mid-June) and HH-polarized backscattering coefficients were higher than VV-, HV/VH-polarized backscattering coefficients after panicle initiation stage (mid-July). Cross polarized backscattering coefficients in X-band increased towards the heading stage (mid-Aug) and thereafter saturated, again increased near the harvesting season. Backscattering coefficients of range at X-band were lower than that of L-, C-band. HH-, VV-polarized ${\sigma}^{\circ}$ steadily increased toward panicle initiation stage and thereafter decreased, and again increased near the harvesting season. We plotted the relationship between backscattering coefficients with L-, C-, X-band and rice growth parameters. Biomass was correlated with L-band hh-polarization at a large incident angle. LAI (Leaf Area Index) was highly correlated with C-band HH- and cross-polarizations. Grain weight was correlated with backscattering coefficients of X-band VV-polarization at a large incidence angle. X-band was sensitive to grain maturity during the post heading stage.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.55-79
• /
• 2013

In this paper, we propose a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) approach to effectively solve the reverse logistics network with centralized centers (RLNCC). For the proposed HGA approach, genetic algorithm (GA) is used as a main algorithm. For implementing GA, a new bit-string representation scheme using 0 and 1 values is suggested, which can easily make initial population of GA. As genetic operators, the elitist strategy in enlarged sampling space developed by Gen and Chang (1997), a new two-point crossover operator, and a new random mutation operator are used for selection, crossover and mutation, respectively. For hybrid concept of GA, an iterative hill climbing method (IHCM) developed by Michalewicz (1994) is inserted into HGA search loop. The IHCM is one of local search techniques and precisely explores the space converged by GA search. The RLNCC is composed of collection centers, remanufacturing centers, redistribution centers, and secondary markets in reverse logistics networks. Of the centers and secondary markets, only one collection center, remanufacturing center, redistribution center, and secondary market should be opened in reverse logistics networks. Some assumptions are considered for effectively implementing the RLNCC The RLNCC is represented by a mixed integer programming (MIP) model using indexes, parameters and decision variables. The objective function of the MIP model is to minimize the total cost which is consisted of transportation cost, fixed cost, and handling cost. The transportation cost is obtained by transporting the returned products between each centers and secondary markets. The fixed cost is calculated by opening or closing decision at each center and secondary markets. That is, if there are three collection centers (the opening costs of collection center 1 2, and 3 are 10.5, 12.1, 8.9, respectively), and the collection center 1 is opened and the remainders are all closed, then the fixed cost is 10.5. The handling cost means the cost of treating the products returned from customers at each center and secondary markets which are opened at each RLNCC stage. The RLNCC is solved by the proposed HGA approach. In numerical experiment, the proposed HGA and a conventional competing approach is compared with each other using various measures of performance. For the conventional competing approach, the GA approach by Yun (2013) is used. The GA approach has not any local search technique such as the IHCM proposed the HGA approach. As measures of performance, CPU time, optimal solution, and optimal setting are used. Two types of the RLNCC with different numbers of customers, collection centers, remanufacturing centers, redistribution centers and secondary markets are presented for comparing the performances of the HGA and GA approaches. The MIP models using the two types of the RLNCC are programmed by Visual Basic Version 6.0, and the computer implementing environment is the IBM compatible PC with 3.06Ghz CPU speed and 1GB RAM on Windows XP. The parameters used in the HGA and GA approaches are that the total number of generations is 10,000, population size 20, crossover rate 0.5, mutation rate 0.1, and the search range for the IHCM is 2.0. Total 20 iterations are made for eliminating the randomness of the searches of the HGA and GA approaches. With performance comparisons, network representations by opening/closing decision, and convergence processes using two types of the RLNCCs, the experimental result shows that the HGA has significantly better performance in terms of the optimal solution than the GA, though the GA is slightly quicker than the HGA in terms of the CPU time. Finally, it has been proved that the proposed HGA approach is more efficient than conventional GA approach in two types of the RLNCC since the former has a GA search process as well as a local search process for additional search scheme, while the latter has a GA search process alone. For a future study, much more large-sized RLNCCs will be tested for robustness of our approach.