• 한국가스학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2013

수증기 개질 반응로 설계를 위해 수증기 개질 반응로에 대한 열유동 해석을 수행하였다. 6개의 이중관형 개질기 튜브들과 1개의 버너로 구성된 반응로에 대해 개질반응과 열유동 해석을 연계하여 수치계산을 수행하였다. 버너 형상 변화에 따른 반응로 내에서의 유동구조를 계산하여 버너 형상을 선택하였다. 개질반응 통합해석 결과, 반응로 상하단내에서 온도구배가 크게 나타났으며 개질기 튜브 내의 조성 변화도 반응로 온도분포의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 운전조건인 SCR 및 GHSV 변동에 따른 개질 반응특성이 변화함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.648-652
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• 2011

수소를 제어하기 위한 기술 중 최근에 각광받는 방법으로는 피동형 촉매 재결합기(PAR)가 있다. PAR설비에서의 핵심기술인 촉매를 제조한 후 이를 이용하여 수소 재결합 성능 평가를 실시하였다. 실험은 공간속도(GHSV)를 $35000{\sim}100000hr^{-1}$로 변경하며 실시한 결과 공간속도가 증가할수록 수소의 전화율은 감소하였으나 시간당 제거되는 수소의 중량은 크게 증가하였다. 백금의 담지량을 달리하여 촉매를 제조한 후 실험을 수행한 결과 3 wt%에서는 별다른 전화율 차이를 보이지 않았으나 활성금속의 담지량이 증가하면서 승온속도가 증가되는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 공간속도 및 촉매 담지량 실험 결과 본 촉매는 상온 상압에서 80% 이상의 높은 전화율을 보이는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2003

석탄이용 무공해 발전공정의 핵심기술인 탄화공정을 개발하기 위하여, 본 공정의 주반응인 메탄 수증기 개질에 대한 특성을 조사하였다. 개질촉매를 이용한 메탄수증기 개질에서는 공간속도, 수증기/탄소-비, 압력에 대한 영향을 조사하였다. 공간속도 7,000$hr^{-1}$ 이하에서 평형 전화율을 얻었다. 혼성반응으로 구성된 탄화공정 중 메탄 수증기 개질 반응조건인 700~80$0^{\circ}C$, 수증기/탄소-비 2.5~3에서 생성물 조성분포는 상압에서 수소 75~78%, 이산화탄소 8~10%, 1~30기압에서 수소 60~78%, 이산화탄소 9~11%를 얻었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제43권12호
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• pp.812-822
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• 2006

This study amis to investigate the functional analysis of anode and cathode materials in Anode supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. The concentration polarization of single cell was investigated with CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) method for the case of the different morphology by using four types of unit cell and discussed to reduce the concentration polarization. The concentration polarization at anode side effected the voltage loss in Anode supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and increased contact areas between fuel gas and anode side could reduce the concentration polarization. For intermediate temperature operation, Anode-supported single cells with thin electrolyte layer of YSZ (Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia) were fabricated and short stacks were built and evaluated. We also developed diesel and methane autothermal reforming (ATR) reactors in order to provide fuels to SOFC stacks. Influences of the $H_2O/C$ (steam to carbon ratio), $O_2/C$ (oxygen to carbon ratio) and GHSV (Gas Hourly Space Velocity) on performances of stacks have been investigated. Performance of the stack operated with a diesel reformer was lower than with using hydrogen as a fuel due to lower Nernst voltage and carbon formation at anode side. The stack operated with a natural gas reformer showed similar performances as with using hydrogen. Effects of various reformer parameters such as $H_2O/C$ and $O_2/C$ were carefully investigated. It is found that $O_2/C$ is a sensitive parameter to control stack performance.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2010

Anode off-gas of high temperature fuel cell still contains combustible components such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon. In this study, a catalytic combustor has been applied to the high temperature fuel cell so that the combustion of anode-off gas can be boosted up. Since the performance of catalytic combustor directly depends on the combustion catalyst, this study is designed to perform the experimental investigation on the combustion characteristics of the three commercial catalysts with a different composition. Screening tests with three catalysts are preceded before the performance examination since it is necessary to determine the most suitable catalyst for design configuration of the catalytic combustor. The performance analysis shows that methane conversion rate strongly depends on gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) as well as inlet gas temperature. Additionally, the GSHV optimization results show that the optimum GHSV will be in the range between 18,000 $hr^{-1}$ and 36,000 $hr^{-1}$. It is also shown that the minimum inlet temperature of catalytic reaction of methane is from $100^{\circ}C$ to $150^{\circ}C$.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

수소와 압축천연가스가 30 : 70비율로 혼합되는 HCNG 공급 시스템의 공정모사를 수행하였다. 수소 생산은 천연가스로부터 수증기 개질 공정을 이용하는 방법이며, 수증기 개질반응기 운전조건으로 SCR은 증가할수록 천연가스의 전환율은 증가하지만 SCR이 3이상부터는 큰 차이가 없었고, GHSV는 증가할수록 연료처리량이 증가하지만 전환율은 감소하여 $1700h^{-1}$일 때 전환율 및 연료처리량이 최적상태가 되었다. CNG는 저압 천연가스가로부터 압축되어 공급되는 시스템이다. 혼합용 수소와 천연가스는 고압상태에서 HCNG로 혼합된다. 수소와 천연가스는 각각 400 bar와 250 bar의 고압으로 압축된다. 고압압축을 위해 단일압축보다 압축소요동력이 적게 사용되는 다단 압축을 사용하였다. 수소와 천연가스압축에 각각 사용된 압축기들의 압축 총 소요 동력을 최소화하는 중간 설정압력으로 각각 61 bar, 65 bar의 중간압력을 도출하였다.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

The main objective of this paper is to investigate characteristic of steam reformer at various geometries and operating conditions. In this paper, the steam reforming is studied by a numerical method and three dimensional simulations were used for effective analytical study. User - Defined Function (UDF) was used to simultaneously calculate reforming and combustion reaction. And the numerical model is validated with experimental results at the same operating conditions. In order to understand the relationship between operating conditions such as gas hourly space velocity(GHSV), mass flow rate of combustor inlet, various numerical investigations are carries out for various geometries. Numerical results show that cylindrical geometry is more effective than rectangular geometry for heat transfer to reactors and reforming efficiency. As mass flow rate of combustor inlet increase, reaction occurs more faster and temperature increase with each geometry. On the other hand, reaction and hydrogen conversion decrease as mass flow rate of reactor decreases.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.229.2-229.2
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• 2010

한 단계 수성가스전이반응(Single stage water gas shift reaction)을 위해 높은 산소저장능(OSC: Oxygen Storage Capacity)을 가진 $CeO_2$를 담체로 사용하여 $Pt/CeO_2$ 촉매를 설계하였다. 촉매의 제조 조건은 촉매 활성과 매우 밀접한 관계가 있다. 따라서 $Pt/CeO_2$ 촉매에 제조변수를 다양하게 변화하여 성능을 평가하였다. 촉매 반응 실험은 공간속도(GHSV: Gas Hourly Space Velocity) $45,515h^{-1}$에서 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 $Pt/CeO_2$ 촉매를 최적화하기 위해 촉매 제조 조건 중 소성온도, 배치 당 제조질량, 전구체 그리고 pH 와 같은 다양한 제조 조건으로 촉매의 성능을 평가하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2009

The steam reformer for hydrogen production from methane is studied by a numerical method. Langmuir- Hinshelwood model is incorporated for catalytic surface reactions, and the pseudo-homogeneous model is used to take into account local equilibrium phenomena between a catalyst and bulk gas. Dominant chemical reactions are Steam Reforming (SR) reaction, Water-Gas Shift (WGS) reaction, and Direct Steam Reforming (DSR) reaction. The numerical results are validated with experimental results at the same operating conditions. Using the validated code, parametric study has been numerically performed in view of the steam reformer performance. As increasing a wall temperature, the fuel conversion increases due to the high heat transfer rate. When Steam to Carbon Ratio (SCR) increases, the concentration of carbon monoxide decreases since WGS reaction becomes more active. When increasing Gas Hourly Space Velocity (GHSV), the fuel conversion decreases due to the heat transfer limitation and the low residence time. The reactor shape effects are also investigated. The length and radius of cylindrical reactors are changed at the same catalyst volume. The longer steam reformer is, the better steam reformer performs. However, system energy efficiency decreases due to the large pressure drop.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2008

The performance of Lean NOx Trap (LNT) based on the catalysts of Pt/K/Ba/$\gamma-Al_2O_3$ with proprietary washcoat formulation is studied using a bench flow reactor system. To investigate the effect of temperature and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) on the nitrogen oxides (NOx) trapping capacity as well as NOx breakthrough time and final ratio of $NO_2$ to NO of LNT, series of adsorption isotherms are carried out with simulated exhaust gases of the lean burn engines. Since typical operation of LNT requires periodic regeneration with a short rich excursion, where the stored or trapped NOx is released and subsequently reduced to $N_2$, the effect of the duration of lean and rich phase and type of reductants on the NOx conversion is investigated. NOx storage capacity and breakthrough time obtained from adsorption isotherms shows a volcano-type dependence on the temperature with a maximum NOx storage capacity occurring $350^{\circ}C$ and with a maximum breakthrough time occurring $400^{\circ}C$ at all GHSVs investigated in this study. Also, maximum ratio of $NO_2$ to NO is obtained at $400^{\circ}C$ with a GHSV of $75,000\;hr^{-1}$ Lean/rich cycle of 100 s lean and 5 s rich used with a concentration of 1.33% of $H_2$ and 4% of CO in the rich phase is found to be optimum at operating temperature of $350^{\circ}C$ and a GHSV of $50,000\;hr^{-1}$.