• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1033-1037
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• 2008

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of chromium picolinate (CrPic) on growth hormone (GH) secretion and pituitary GH mRNA expression in finishing pigs. Forty eight crossbred pigs with an initial body weight of 65.57 kg (SD = 1.05) were blocked by body weight and randomly assigned to two treatments with three replicates. Each group was fed the diet supplemented with or without $200{\mu}g/kg$ chromium from CrPic for 40 days. The results showed that average daily gain of pigs was increased by 9.84% (p<0.05), and longissimus muscle area was increased by 17.29% (p<0.05) with the supplementation of CrPic. The results of GH dynamic secretion showed that supplemental CrPic increased the mean level and peak value of GH by 36.58% (p<0.05) and 26.60% (p<0.05), respectively, while there was no significant effect on basal value, peak amplitude and peak duration. Pituitary mRNA expression of GH was not significantly influenced by supplemental CrPic. These results indicated that CrPic increased pigs GH secretion without change of pituitary GH mRNA expression.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.36.1-36.17
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aging on the marginal quality of glass hybrid (GH) material used to elevate dentin gingival margins, and to analyze the consistency of the results obtained by 3 in vitro methods. Materials and Methods: Ten teeth received compound class II cavities with subgingival margins. The dentin gingival margins were elevated with GH, followed by resin composite. The GH/gingival dentin interfaces were examined through digital microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using resin replicas, and according to the World Dental Federation (FDI) criteria. After initial evaluations, all teeth were subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles, followed by repeating the same marginal evaluations and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis for the interfacial zone of 2 specimens. Marginal quality was expressed as the percentage of continuous margin at ×200 for microscopic techniques and as the frequency of each score for FDI ranking. Data were analyzed using the paired sample t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Pearson and Spearmen correlation coefficients. Results: None of the testing techniques proved the significance of the aging factor. Moderate and strong significant correlations were found between the testing techniques. The EDS results suggested the presence of an ion-exchange layer along the GH/gingival dentin interface of aged specimens. Conclusions: The marginal quality of the GH/dentin gingival interface defied aging by thermocycling. The replica SEM and FDI ranking results had stronger correlations with each other than either showed with the digital microscopy results.

• Journal of Interdisciplinary Genomics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.35-38
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• 2022

Background: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex genetic disease associated with growth impairment, severe obesity and metabolic dysfunctions. High proportion of PWS patients are born small for gestational age (SGA) than normal children, which also increase the risk of growth impairment and metabolic dysfunction in PWS. We aimed to compare growth outcome and metabolic profiles between SGA and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) PWS patients. Methods: Data of 55 PWS children and adults aged more than 2 years old (32 male and 23 female, age 2-18.8 years) from single center were studied. Only patients who were treated with GH were included. The clinical characteristics and laboratory findings were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Among 55 subjects, 39 had 15q11-13 deletion and 16 had uniparental disomy (UPD). Twenty (36.3%) were born SGA. All patients received GH treatment, and 11 (20%) discontinued GH treatment. Mean age at GH treatment initiation was 2.5 (range 0.3-12.4) years, and mean duration of treatment was 6.3 (range 1.0-11.3) years. Current height-SDS (-0.36 vs -0.16) and BMI-SDS (1.44 vs 1.33) did not differ between AGA and SGA group. Two patients in SGA group, but none in AGA group had diabetes mellitus. Mean glucose level was also higher in SGA group (100.1 vs 114.4 mg/dL). Conclusion: Our report gives an overview of growth profile and metabolic dysfunctions recorded in GH treated PWS patients. Growth profile did not differ between AGA and SGA group. Glucose level was higher in SGA group, so more careful monitoring and prevention for DM will be required in SGA group.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.197-205
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• 1997

Improved hypophysectomy technique and the efficacy of bGH in hypophysectomized female rats were studied as a basis for the function of endocrine gland and hormones. 1. With improved sublaryngeal a, pp.oach by hypophysectomy, 34 rats out of 40 were successfully hypophysectomized(more than 80% of success). The surgical time for hypophysectomy per rat was taken about 3.0$\pm$1.0 min. 2. For the effect of hypophysectomy and bGH on body weight gain among the 5 gruops of A, B, C, D, and E, the weight gains for A, B, C, D, and E, were 93g, 9.2g, 10.7g, 25.1g and 36.2g, respectively, which implied that hypophysectomy had a major effect on body weight. And also, the effect of bGH was paralleled with the level of bGH. There were significant difference between control and hypophysectomized groups, and between the bGH treated and bGH non-treated groups after hypophysectomy(p<0.01). 3. For the effect of hypophysectomy and bGH on the length of femur, tibia, humerus, and anterbrachi, longest was for A, shortest for B, and longer in order of C, D, and E. The A group was significantly longer than B, C, D, and E groups. The B group was shorter than C, D, and E groups(p<0.01). 4. For the effect of hypophysectomy and bGH on the weight of femur, tibia, humerus, and antebrachi, heaviest was for A, lightest for B, and heavier in order of C, D, and E. The A group was significantly heavier than B, C, D, and E groups. The B group was lighter than C, D, and E groups(p<0.01). 5. In changes of body length, and weights of liver and heart, A group was most drastically increased. Among the hypophysectomized groups, the change was increased in order of B, C, D, and E. Especially, the change of A group was significantly greater than B, C, D and E gruops. However, no significant differences were found among B, C, D, and E groups. 6. The hypophysectomy in rat had a significant effect on body growth. The effect of hormone was remarkably different depending upon the level of hormone. It was found that 300$\mu\textrm{g}$ of bGH/kg of body wt/day was slightly lower for normal growth.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1016-1020
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• 2007

In this study, dioscin was isolated from Dioscoreae Rhizoma (DR), which is the rhizome of Dioscorea batatas DECNE. that inhabits broad areas of Korea and Japan. To determine whether dioscin induced growth hormone (GH) release, we evaluated its induction effects on GH release both in vitro and in vivo. The 70% methanol extract of DR, and its n-hexane and n-BuOH fractions, induced rat GH (rGH) release in rat pituitary cells 10-fold, 8-fold, and 5-fold higher than the control ($0.36{\pm}0.02 nM$), respectively (p < 0.05 each). The dioscin-induced rGH release of the cells was concentration-dependent and its $ED_{50}$ was $1.14{\times}10^{-5} M$. Within 90 minutes after intravenous administration of $10{\mu}g$/kg (p < 0.05 at $t_{max}$), dioscin caused the greatest increase in rGH concentration ($C_{max}$) in the rat plasma ($34.16{\pm}14.10 ng/ml$) (n = 4), which was twice as high as the control group ($12.88{\pm}3.29 ng/ml$) (n = 27).

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2012

Autotransgenic manipulation with a growth hormone (GH)-construct is a potential approach to improving the growth rates of farmed fish. Here, we present the generation of GH-autotransgenic common carp Cyprinus carpio carrying a transgene comprised of the carp homologous GH gene and a ${\beta}$-actin regulator. Autotransgenic carp showed similar viability to their non-transgenic siblings. Early growth characteristics of founder autotransgenic carp up to 50 days postfertilization were highly variable among individuals; i.e., some fish exhibited significant growth depression, while others showed dramatic acceleration of growth, achieving greater than sixfold increases in body weight relative to their non-transgenic counterparts. Stimulated growth performance became more notable with age and many transgenic individuals of the largest class reached 5 kg within 8 or 9 months, which is at least 10 times heavier than the average body weight of communally grown non-transgenics. Four of six founder transgenic males were successful in passing the transgene to their $F_1$ offspring with frequencies ranging from 19 to 36%. Growth stimulations were also persistent in all $F_1$ progeny groups examined.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.922-929
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• 2009

Purpose : The aim was to investigate the clinical characteristics and responses to growth hormone (GH) therapy in children with attenuated growth who showed normal GH responses to GH stimulation tests (GHST). Methods : The study included 39 patients with height velocity (HV) of less than 4 cm/yr and normal GHST results. Clinical characteristics of patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results : Eleven were born as small for gestational age (SGA) and 28 as appropriate for age (AGA). In the SGA group, the standard deviation score (SDS) of age and height measured at their first visit was significantly low. Sixteen patients were treated with GH and six of 23 without GH therapy were followed for 1 year after GHST. The mean (range) of HV was 7.7 (4.9 to 11.1) cm/yr in patients with GH therapy and 3.7 (2.7 to 4.5) cm/yr in those without GH therapy, which was statistically significant (P<0.001). In the GH-treated group, HV and difference in height SDS during the treatment increased significantly (P<0.001; P< 0.001, respectively). HV increased after 1 year of GH therapy in the SGA and AGA groups (SGA, P=0.043; AGA, P=0.003). The level of Insulin-like growth factor-I was significantly lower in GH-treated patients with height SDS <-3 than those with ${\geq}3$ (P=0.023). Conclusion : In children with growth failure and normal GHST, HV increases significantly by short-term GH therapy. The assessment of long-term effects of GH therapy is necessary. Moreover, further studies should be considered to evaluate the GH-IGF-I axis due to the possibility of GH insensitivity syndrome.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.240-248
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• 2016

Radish is a common vegetable consumed in Korea, Japan, and China. Radish Breeding has been conducted based on morphological properties, such as shape and color. Recently, physicochemical properties of radish are attracting more attention from breeders to develop cultivars for the retail market. In this study, major components of radish were determined and their relationship with textural property analyzed. Sixty-six radish cultivars were selected and divided into white head (WH) and green head (GH) according to their head color. The cutting forces of GH and WH groups were $2.17{\pm}0.34kg$ and $2.31{\pm}0.36kg$, respectively (P > 0.05). The starch contents of GH and WH were $3.75{\pm}0.39g\;per\;100g$ (dry basis) and $4.24{\pm}0.62g$, respectively. Cellulose contents in both groups were similar at 12.3-12.4 g per 100 g (dry basis). Pearson correlation coefficients between cutting force, cellulose content, and starch content ranged from -0.33-0.326 which does not demonstrate any strong correlation between these components. Therefore, no relationship was found between the cutting force and the starch content or the cellulose content for the cultivars analyzed in this study. As the first intensive study on the texture and the major components of radish, these results could provide valuable information for radish breeding if further studies on taste and nutrient components are conducted.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2008

Purpose: Growth failure is a common problem in chronic renal failure(CRF). We studied the effect of growth hormone(GH) treatment and the factors influencing growth on chronic peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods: Seventeen patients who were treated with peritoneal dialysis and GH for more than one year were enrolled. Factors influencing growth such as age, height at start of GH treatment, total Kt/Vurea, residual renal Kt/Vurea, hemoglobin, albumin, BUN, creatinine, total $CO_2$, calcium, phosphate and iPTH during GH treatment were compared between the growth group (increase in height-standard deviation score(Ht-SDS) after one year of GH treatment, n=l1) and poor growth group(no increase in Ht-SDS after one year of GH treatment, n=6). Results: The mean age at the start of dialysis was 7.7${\pm}$5.2 years and the mean age at the start of GH treatment was 8.5${\pm}$4.8 years. In the growth group, Ht-SDS at start of GH treatment was smaller(-1.72${\pm}$1.00 vs. -0.77${\pm}$0.88, P=0.048) and residual renal Kt/Vurea was better (1.54${\pm}$0.51 vs. 0.15${\pm}$0.26, P=0.02) than the poor growth group. After three years of GH treatment, Ht-SDS of the growth group was better than the poor growth group. Conclusion: GH treatment in children with peritoneal dialysis was more effective on patients who had more severe growth retardation. The reservation of residual renal function was important for improvement of effect of GH treatment. And the growth response during the first year of GH treatment may be predicted as the indicator for long-term response.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.301-314
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of ground-based glaciogenic seeding on orographic clouds in the Daegwallyeong area on 13 March, 2013. The experiments was conducted by releasing silver iodide (AgI) under following conditions: surface temperature below $-4^{\circ}C$, wind direction between 45 and $130^{\circ}$, and wind speed less than $5ms^{-1}$. Two seeding rates, $38gh^{-1}$ (SR1) and $113gh^{-1}$ (SR2), were tested to obtain an appropriate AgI ratio for snowfall enhancement in the Daegwallyeong area. Numerical simulations were carried out by using the WRF (Weather Research and Forecast) model with AgI point-source module which predicted dispersion fields of AgI particles. The results indicated that the target orographic clouds contained adequate amount of supercooled liquid water and that the dispersion of AgI particles tended to move along the prevailing wind direction. To validate the seeding effects, the observation data from FM-120 and MPS as well as PARSIVEL disdrometer were analyzed. In this case study, glaciogenic seeding significantly increased the concentration of small ice particles below 1 mm in diameter. The observation results suggest that SR1 seeding be reasonable to use the ground-based seeding in the Daegwallyeong area.