• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.343-348
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• 2004

The objective of the present study was to determine the plasma level of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in relation to mammary blood flow and milk yield including biological variables of relevance to milk synthesis in two different types of crossbred Holstein cattle at 3 different stages of lactation. Eight heifers were 87.5% HF and eight 50% HF animals were selected for the experiments. The three stages of lactation tested were: early lactation (30 days postpartum), mid-lactation (120 days postpartum) and late lactation (210 days postpartum). Animals in each group were fed a concentrate and rice straw treated with 5% urea as the source of roughage throughout the experiments. In early lactation, mammary blood flow and milk yield of 87.5% HF animals were significantly higher than those of 50% HF animals. In mid- and late lactation, both mammary blood flow and milk yield showed a proportional decrease from the early lactating period of 87.5% HF animals. The trends for persistency were observed in 50% HF animals as for udder blood flow and milk yield throughout the experimental periods. The plasma glucose level of the 50% HF animals was significantly higher than those of 87.5% HF animals in both early and mid-lactation. The concentrations of arterial plasma free fatty acids ($C_{16}\;to\;C_{18}$) were higher in 50% HF animals as compared with 87.5% HF animals in all periods of study. In early lactation, the concentration of plasma growth hormone (GH) of 87.5% HF animals was higher than those of the 50% HF animals, thereafter the mean level of plasma growth hormone declined in both mid- and late lactation. The concentration of plasma IGF-I of 50% HF animals was significantly higher than those of 87.5% HF animals in all stages of lactation. There were no differences among stages of lactation for the levels of plasma IGF-I, insulin and growth hormone in 50% HF animals. In 87.5% HF animals, the plasma levels of both IGF-I and insulin were lower in early lactating period while it showed an increase during mid- and late lactation. The present results indicated that the regulatory role for the higher mammary blood flow and milk yield during lactation in 87.5% HF are not mediated via the higher level of circulating IGF-I. Differences in mammary blood flow and milk yield between 50% HF and 87.5% HF animals are in part due to a higher concentration of circulating growth hormone. The lower level of circulating growth hormone in 50% HF animals would be regulated by higher levels of IGF-I, free fatty acid and glucose in plasma.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.260-267
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• 1998

밀폐형 bench-scale reactor(242 l)에 thermocouples, oxygen sensor 및 datalogger 등을 연결하여 우분과 볏짚 혼합물의 퇴비화 촉진 및 양질의 퇴비생산을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 공기주입량(0.09, 0.18, 0.90, 1.79 l $min^{-1}kg$ dry $solids^{-1}$)에 따른 생물학적 활성 변수들의 일시적이고 공간적인 변화를 모니터링한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 공기주입량이 높을수록 퇴비화 초기 및 뒤집기 이후 단계 모두 부숙온도의 증가 및 감속속도가 빨랐고 퇴적물과 배출공기의 온도차이는 적었으며, 모든 처리에서 퇴적물의 경우 $50{\sim}53^{\circ}C$에서 약 5시간 동안, 배출공기는 $45^{\circ}C$에서 약 $5{\sim}15$시간 동안 온도정지기를 보인 후 다시 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 최대온도는 퇴비화 초기단계에서는 공기주입량이 많을수록 감소하였지만 뒤집기 이후 단계에서는 1.79 l $min^{-1}kg^{-1}$처리를 제외하고는 그 반대 경향이었으며, 퇴적물의 최고온도 도달시간은 초기 및 뒤집기 이후 단계 모두 공기주입량이 적을수록 늦었다. $45^{\circ}C$이상의 고온 유지시간은 공기주입량이 증가할수록 급격히 감소하였고, 퇴비화 초기단계에 있어서 0.09 및 0.18 l $min^{-1}kg^{-1}$ 처리는 $65^{\circ}C$ 이상, 0.90 l $kg^{-1}$는 $55{\sim}64.9^{\circ}C$, 1.79 l $min^{-1}kg^{-1}$는 $45{\sim}54.9^{\circ}C$의 유지시간이 가장 길었다. 배출공기의 최저 산소농도 및 최대 산소비율은 공기주입량이 많을수록 높아지는 경향이었으나 그 수준에 도달하는 시간은 일정한 경향이 없었다.