• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.360-364
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• 2012

Uptake of circulating glucose into the cells happens via the insulin-mediated signalling pathway, which translocates the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) vesicles from the intracellular compartment to the plasma membrane. Rab GTPases are involved in this vesicle trafficking, where Rab GTPases-activating proteins (RabGAP) enhance the GTP to GDP hydrolysis. TBC1D4 (AS160) and TBC1D1 are functional RabGAPs in the adipocytes and the skeletonal myocytes, respectively. These proteins contain two phosphotyrosine-binding domains (PTBs) at the amino-terminus of the catalytic RabGAP domain. The second PTB has been shown to interact with the cytoplasmic region of the insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) of the GLUT4 vesicle. In this study, we quantitatively measured the ${\sim}{\mu}M$ affinity ($K_D$) between TBC1D4 PTB and IRAP using isothermal titration calorimetry, and further showed that IRAP residues 1-49 are the major region mediating this interaction. We also demonstrated that the IRAP residues 1-15 are necessary but not sufficient for the PTB interaction.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1883-1895
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• 2007

With a land area of 910,768 sq. km, population estimate of 150 million people and GDP-growth rate of 6.9% per annum (2006 est), the centrality of effective public transportation in Nigeria is readily seen. In this regard, rail transportation offers much potential because of its relative safety, reliability, lower cost to the users and being singularly capable of transforming the national economy through mass movement of people, goods and services. Within this context, the demand for an effective railway system, and the enormous potentials for profitable investment in rail infrastructure in Nigeria, is indisputable. Beginning with the history, the paper discusses the main problems of Nigeria's railway transport system; and then makes policy suggestions, after considering the potentials of rebuilding the rail infrastructure. The necessity of this work is premised on the fact that there is a significant gap in critical knowledge about Nigeria's railway transport system.

• THE HEALTH and ORGANIC FARMING
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• no.235
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

친환경유기농업 연수교육 신청 쇄도/안동시지회 제21차 정기총회 및 안동시협의회 설립 총회 개최/우리의 산야초/과수 양분의 저장과 집적부위 및 저장시기의 이해가 중요 2-2/제56차 이사회 개최/중국 유기농식품 원료 안전성 관리 강화해야/미,유기농전문매장서 한국산 알로에 주스 판매/경북도,돈 되는 농업위해 5000억원 투입 발표/의류시장서도 유기농 바람/"친환경유기농업 육성정책"의 성공조건/전남도,학교급식 식재료 100% 친환경 농산물 공급/마늘 녹병/미생물을 이용한 토양병해방제/매일 변을 보지 않으면 변비다/옥천'친환경농업'메카/'06유기농인상 유통인상 수상/복제동물육류 '유기농식품'으로 볼수 있나/벼 멀칭재배의 이론과 기술/1월중 새식구 명단/농촌진흥청, 녹비작물 활용 유기농업 재배기술 개발/군위군,품목별 위탁교육 실시/우리고장에서는/GAP(우수농산물관리제도)농가호응높아/올해농업GDP2.7%감소예상/순천시,친환경농업 실천 결의대회 개최/UR 10년에 WTO 10년도 허송세월 하였으니 FTA 후 10년은 어떻게 살아남아야 할까/유기질비료의 이해

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2006

Based on data collected by the State Forestry Administration (SFA) and other databases, this paper describes the current status, future trend and general policies in China's forestry. Forestry sector plays an important role in GDP growth of China. As a result forestry industry value output is increasing day by day. There is huge gap between demand and supply of timber projected in 2010. As a result it is necessary to develop fast growing, high yield forest following some specific policies. The ultimate goals of forestry are to construct or improve industry infrastructure, overall upgrade of forest industry structure, income improvement of forest employees and peasants, polices renewal and technology improvement, acceleration of forest processing with high-tech.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.474-482
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• 2016

This paper presents an empirical analysis on the relationship between consumer sentiment and macro-economic indices by consumer's characteristics such as age, income and employment type. According to the empirical analysis based on the Consumer Sentiment Index(CSI) of the Bank of Korea and other macro-economic indices, the following study findings are presented. First, individual consumer sentiment depends not only on GDP growth, but also on other macro-economic conditions such as wage, employment, consumer and asset price, and debt burden. Second, the degree of importance of the macro-economic indices on determining individual consumer sentiment varies strongly according to consumers' characteristics. These findings reveal that the gap between consumer sentiment and GDP growth can largely be explained by considering the other macro-economic indices and consumer's characteristics.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.11-19
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• 2020

This study aims to examine the relationship between the improvement of the income distribution index from the late 1980s to the 1990s and large-scale housing supply projects such as the 2 million housing construction project. Looking at Korea's economic development in terms of income growth and distribution, GDP has continuously increased since the establishment of the government, especially in the late 1980s. The Gini Index, a representative income inequality index, rapidly deteriorated in the early 1970s, and gradually improved from the late 1980s. The 2 million housing construction project, announced in 1988, supplied a third of the existing nationwide housing stock of 6.5 million units in three years. The project cost was 65 trillion won, equivalent to 50% of Korea's GDP at the time. This study questioned whether the ratio of the number of employed workers in the construction industry was a variable directly affecting the Gini Index. To verify this, the causal relationship between the proportion of employed workers in the construction and manufacturing industries and the Gini Index from 1979 to 2008 was statistically analyzed. For this, the ARIMA model was established for each variable, and the correlation of their residuals was verified. The 2 million housing construction project had the effect of improving income inequality in terms of rising wages for production workers and creating jobs for the low-educated and low-income class. During the project period, the number of middle-income earners increased sharply, and the income gap between the high-income and low-income earners greatly decreased. The expansion of the construction volume can be used as a powerful and direct policy tool for improving income distribution. However, the effect may be limited. When the proportion of workers exceeds the threshold, the effect is weakened.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.71-123
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• 2021

In this study, we present a methodology and model to estimate land prices and the value of land assets in North Korea in the absence of any data about land characteristics from North Korean authorities. Using this framework, we experimentally make market price-based estimates for land assets across the entire urban area of North Korea. First, we estimate the determinants of land prices in South Korea using data on market prices of land from the late 1970s, when it was estimated that the income level gap between South Korea and North Korea wasn't relatively large, and from the early 1980s, when urbanization levels in both of them were similar. Second, we calculate land prices and their relative ratios for each city and urban area in North Korea around 2015 by substituting proxy variables of determinants of land prices derived through a geographic information analysis of North Korea into the function of land prices that we have already estimated. Finally, we estimate the value of land assets in urban areas across North Korea by combining the ratio of housing transaction prices surveyed in several cities in North Korea with the relative prices estimated in this research. As a result, land prices in urban areas in North Korea, looking at the relative ratio of price by city, are estimated to be the highest, at 100.00, in Tongdaewon district of Pyongyang, and to be the lowest, at 1.70, in Phungso county, Ryanggang Province. Meanwhile, the value of land assets in urbanized areas was estimated at $21.6 billion in 2015, which was 1.2 to 1.3 times the GDP of North Korea that year. This ratio is similar to South Korea's in the 1978-1980 period, when the South Korean economy grew at an average rate of 6%. Considering North Korea's growth rate of about 1% in the 2013-2014 period, its ratio of land assets to GDP appears very high.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.147-165
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• 2016

We empirically examine the validity of second generation endogenous growth theory suing 21 OECD countries' panel data(1981~2011). Due to non-stationarity in all variables, we test the cointegrated relationships strongly supporting the semi-endogenous growth model. In the estimation of total factor productivity growth function, the growth of domestic and foreign R&D investment levels statistically significantly affect total factor productivity growth. R&D intensity, however, has significant impacts on the total factor productivity growth only in a few models, and international technology gap also has positive impacts on GDP growth. Thus the semi-endogenous growth model is relatively supported while fully endogenous growth model is weakly and occasionally supported in OECD countries. The policy implication of supporting the semi-endogenous growth model is that the sustaining growth requires increasing R&D expenditures.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.63-76
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• 2004

There is a considerable gap in the level of the Internet access charges among countries because of the history of the Internet use, current status of the Internet infrastructure, the Internet penetration rate, and so on. Low Internet access charge increases the number of the Internet users and the Internet penetration rate, which boosts economic activities. This paper empirically explores the impacts of the internet access charges on economic activities using a cross-country analysis based on data from 76 countries for the year 1998-2001. To this end, several versions of the neoclassical growth models, explicitly including the internet access charges, are estimated with the GDP used for a proxy for economic activities and the level of Internet access charges considered as an input to production. Subject to the appropriate caveats, the results show that the level of the Internet access charges make a significantly negative effect on economic activities. In other words, it is concluded that low Internet access charges of a county increase economic activities and the increased economic activities in turn raise the real income of the county.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.309-330
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• 2009

This paper analyzes comparatively the effects of changes in real effective exchange rates on the business fluctuations of the cases of Korea and Japan employing structural vector auto-regression(S-VAR) model which uses quarterly data for the five variables of real effective exchange rates, GDP gap, real interest rates, oil prices, inflation rates for the period of 1980-2006. The paper employes impulse-response analysis and variance decompositions. The paper finds that real exchange rate depreciations are contractionay for the case of Korea while they are expansionary for the case of Japan. These results are consistent with the prevailing empirical results that real exchange rate depreciations are contractionary for developing countries while expansionary for advanced countries.