• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.119-127
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• 2006

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) is produced in the manufacture process of pig-iron and shows a similar particle formation to that of natural sea sand and also shows light weight, high shear strength, well permeability, and especially has a latent hydraulic property by which GBFS is solidified with time. Therefore, when GBFS is used as a backfill material of quay or retaining walls, the increase of shear strength induced by the hardening is presumed to reduce the earth pressure and consequently the construction cost of harbor structures decreases. In this study, using the model sand box (50 cm$\times$50 cm$\times$100 cm), the model wall tests were carried out on GBFS and Toyoura standard sand, in which the resultant earth pressure, a wall friction and the earth pressure distribution at the movable wall surface were measured. In the tests, the relative density was set as Dr=25, 55 and 70% and the wall was rotated at the bottom to the active earth pressure side and followed by the passive side. The maximum horizontal displacement at the top of the wall was set as ${\pm}2mm$. By these model test results, it is clarified that the resultant earth pressure obtained by using GBFS is smaller than that of Toyoura sand, especially in the active-earth pressure.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.232-235
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• 2004

This study aims to manufacture non-sintering cement(NSC) by adding phosphogypsum(PG) and waste lime(WL) to granulated blast furnace slag(GBFS) as sulfate and alkali activators. This study also investigates the basic physical properties and hydration reaction of NSC, and evaluates its reusing possibility as construction material. Results obtained from this study have shown that GBFS was affected by $So_4^{2-}$ in waste PG and stimuli under wet condition, left slag components, created Ettringite and CSH gels, and eventually started being hydrated. These hydrated creations formed dense structures like CSH based on Ettringite and contributed in allowing the mortar to reveal high strength.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.607-610
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• 2005

If cement can be manufactured with industrial byproducts such as granulated blast furnace slag(GBFS), phosphogypsum(PG), and waste lime(WL) instead of clinker as its counterproposal, there would be many advantages, including maximum use of these industrial byproducts for high value-added resources, conservation of natural resources and energy by omitting the use of clinker, minimized environmental pollution problems caused by $CO_2$ discharge, and reduction of the production cost. This research investigates the chemical resistance of NSC mortar added PG and WL to GBFS as sulfate and alkali activators. The result of experiment of chemical resistance, showed that NSC is very excellent in acid resistance and seawater resistanc. Such a reasons are that the hydrate like CSH gel and ettringite formed dense pore structure of NSC matrix.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.05b
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• pp.453-456
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• 2006

If cement can be manufactured with industrial byproducts such as granulated blast furnace slag(GBFS), phosphogypsum(PG), and waste lime(WL) instead of clinker as its counterproposal, there would be many advantages, including maximum use of these industrial byproducts for high value-added resources, conservation of natural resources and energy by omitting the use of clinker, minimized environmental pollution problems caused by CO2 discharge, and reduction of the production cost. This research investigates the chloride ion permeability of NSC concrete added PG and WL to GBFS as sulfate and alkali activators. The result of experiment of chloride ion permeability, showed that NSC is very excellent in seawater resistance. Such a reasons are that the hydrate like CSH gel and ettringite formed dense pore structure of NSC matrix.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2018

Due to enhanced construction requirement, ready mixed concrete are being popular day by day. The current study aimed to develop ready mixed concrete using GBFS contained cement and determine its properties of fresh and hardened states. A real scale experiment was set up in a ready mixed plant for measuring workability and compressive strength. The workability was tested after mixing (within 5 minutes), 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes of the running of bulk carrier. The ready mixed carrier employed spinning motion i.e., rotating around its axis with 20 RPM and running on road with 1km/h speed. The mixing ratio of cement: sand:gravel, water to cement ratio, super plasticizer were, 1:1.73:2.47, 0.40 and 6% of cement, respectively. The chemical composition of raw material was determined using XRF and the properties of cements were measured according to ASTM standards. The experimental results confirm that the cement with composition of 6.89% of GBFS, 4% of Gypsum and 89.11% of clinker showed the good compressive strength and workability of concrete after 150 minutes of the spinning motion in bulk carrier.

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 2008

AtbZIP16 and AtbZIP68 are two putative G group bZIP transcription factors in Arabidopsis thaliana, the other three members of G group bZIPs are GBF1-3 which can bind G-box. Members of G group have conservative protein structure: highly homological basic region and a proline-rich domain in the N-terminal region. Here, we report that AtbZIP16 and AtbZIP68 could bind cis elements with ACGT core, such as G-box, Hex, C-box and As-1, but with different binding affinities which from high to low were G-box > Hex > C-box > As-1; AtbZIP16 and AtbZIP68 could form homodimer and form heterodimer with other members of G group; N-terminal proline rich domain of AtbZIP16 had transactivation activity in yeast cells while that of AtbZIP68 did not; AtbZIP16 and AtbZIP68 GFP fusion protein localized in the nucleus of onion epidermal cells. These results indicated that AtbZIP16 and AtbZIP68 were two new members of GBFs. In Arabidopsis, AtbZIP16 and AtbZIP68 may also participate in light-responsive process in which GBF1-3 are involved.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.905-908
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• 2008

The existing concrete using ordinary portland cement has difficult in earth strength. so our study proceeded in using the micro cement. the result of experiment is follow that strength of micro cement was hard better than ordinary portland cement in early strength but flow of ordinary portland cement was better than micro cement. when OPC and MC mixed by fly-ash, flow degree is increased because of ball baring. fly-ash type wicked in early strength but flyash type hard than 28days strength of OPC. flow of GBFS is decreased, early strength is increased. when fly-ash mixed in MC, it was wicked strength.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.785-788
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• 2008

Ceramics manufactures in the nation produced more than 5,000 tons of waste pottery a year increasing industrial waste quantity. However, Almost researches were made to reduce environmental pollution and recycle waste ware. It is needed that they are used as recycled materials in order to prevent environmental pollution and gain economic profits. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present the method of utilizing the recycled cements that are obtained from waste pottery. The test results that replacement of waste pottery powder by cement admixture at the level 10% had effect on the stripping strength(compressive strength). Also, When GBFS and WP used by cement admixture, WP is better than GBFS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.40-41
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• 2020

This study has resulted in the following findings. First, Using more than 30% of GBFS to replace FA enabled bleeding control through improved fluidity. Moreover, it has been confirmed that effective strength and proper quality can be achieved when it was applied as a backfilling material with higher early strength than the base material. Second, When using more than 30% of FNS to replace sand, it was found that adding 0.3~0.35 of the AE agent is effective for bleeding control through improved fluidity. Third, When using more than 30% of both GBFS and FNS in combination, it was found that adding 0.3~0.35 of the AE agent is effective for bleeding control through improved fluidity. Also, it was confirmed that proper mixing of 15~60% of GF secured the effective strength and desired quality as a refiller and joint filler material.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.357-360
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• 2005

This research investigates the drying shrinkage of non-sintering cement(NSC) matrix added phosphogypsum(PG) and waste lime(WL) to granulated blast furnace slag(GBFS) as sulfate and alkali activators with various curing condition. The experimental results are follow: When the moisture is fully supplied at the early curing age, there is effect which carries out abundant generation of the ettringite which is an expansion nature mineral, and compensates for contraction with a chemical prestress concept.