• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2023

The poor outcome of advanced ovarian cancer under conventional therapy necessitates new strategies to improve therapeutic efficacy. β-glucosidase (encoded by GBA) is a lysosomal enzyme and is involved in sphingolipids metabolism. Recent studies revealed that β-glucosidase plays a role in cancer development and chemoresistance. In this work, we systematically evaluated the expression and role of GBA in ovarian cancer. Our work demonstrates that inhibition of β-glucosidase has therapeutic potential for ovarian cancer. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database, western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses of patient samples demonstrated that GBA mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly increased in ovarian cancer compared to normal tissues. Functional studies using gainof-function and loss-of-function approaches demonstrated that GBA overexpression did not affect growth and migration but alleviated cisplatin's efficacy in ovarian cancer cells. In addition, GBA depletion resulted in growth inhibition, apoptosis induction, and enhancement of cisplatin's efficacy. Of note, we found that GBA inhibition specifically decreased receptor tyrosine kinase AXL level, leading to the suppression of AXL-mediated signaling pathways. Our data suggest that GBA represents a promising target to inhibit AXL signaling and overcome cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.603-617
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• 2021

혈당 조절에 유익한 천연 식품을 발굴하고 그 효과를 밝혀보고자 본 연구에서는 아마란스 종자에 주목하여 몇 가지 혈당조절 연관 지표의 증감 정도를 알아보았다. 아마란스 종자의 색과 발아 여부에 따라 효능에 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위하여 발아 흑색 아마란스는 germinated black amaranth (GBA), 비발아 흑색 아마란스는 black amaranth (BA), 발아 황색 아마란스는 germinated yellow amaranth (GYA), 비발아 황색 아마란스는 yellow amaranth (YA)로 구분하였고 각각의 시료는 80% 에탄올 추출물을 만들어 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 α-amylase 및 α-glucosidase 저해 활성을 측정한 결과 GBA, BA, GYA, YA 순으로 높은 저해 활성을 나타냈으며 특히 α-amylase 저해 활성 실험에서 GBA는 양성 대조물질인 acarbose와 거의 비슷한 수준을 나타내어 높은 저해 활성을 가지는 것으로 판단된다. HepG2 세포에서 포도당 흡수를 측정한 결과 모든 추출물에서 농도 의존적으로 증가하였고 GBA > BA > GYA > YA 순으로 높게 나타났다. 특히 50 ㎍/mL 농도에서 GBA는 인슐린과 유사한 값을 나타내었다. GBA를 농도별로 처리한 HepG2 세포에서 ACC, GLUT-2, GLUT-4, IRS-1, IRS-2 mRNA 발현 정도는 모두 농도 의존적으로 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로 아마란스 종자는 혈당 조절 및 개선에 효능이 있다고 평가되며 특히 발아한 흑색 종자가 혈당 조절 효능이 높게 나타남을 보여 혈당 조절에 유익한 효능을 가지는 식품 소재가 될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2018

This paper presents results of a compressive investigation conducted on weathered soil stabilized with ground bottom ash (GBA) and red mud (RM). The effects of water/binder ratio, RM/GBA ratio, chemical activator (NaOH and $Na_2SiO_3$) and curing time on unconfined compressive strength of stabilized soils were examined. The results show that the water/binder ratio of 1.2 is optimum ratio at which the stabilized soils have the maximum compressive strength. For 28 days of curing, the compressive strength of soils stabilized with alkali-activated GBA and RM varies between 1.5 MPa and 4.1 MPa. The addition of GBA, RM and chemical activators enhanced strength development and the rate of strength improvement was more significant at the later age than at the early age. The potential environmental impacts of stabilized soils were also assessed. The chemical property changes of leachate from stabilized soils were analyzed in terms of pH and concentrations of hazardous elements. The observation revealed that the soil mixture with ground bottom ash and red mud proved environmentally safe.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.705-716
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• 2006

The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of tetracycline-HCl on the change of implant surface microstructure according to application time. Implant with pure titanium machined surface, GBA surface and RBM surface were utilized. Implant surface was rubbed with 50mg/ml tetracycline-HCl solution for ${\frac{1}{2}}$min. 1min. $1{\frac{1}{2}}$min. 2min. and $2{\frac{1}{2}}$min. respectively in the test group. Then, specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopic observation. The results of this study were as follow. 1. Both test and control group showed a few shallow grooves and ridges in pure titanium machined surface implants. There were not significant differences between two group. 2. In GBA surfaces, control group exhibit many porous depression, and each depression were divided by strict border. Experimental group applied with tetracycline-HCl for 2min. were similar with control group. But when applied for $2{\frac{1}{2}}$min. surface alteration and border breakdown started, resulting enlargement of the porous depression. 3. In REM surface, control group exhibit rough, uneven surface with crater-like depression can be found. The surface alteration started when tetracycline-HCl was applied for 30sec. resulting breakdown of the crater-like depression. Depression became larger as applying time increased.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.477-483
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• 2008

The observations of difference and similarity in brain activities involved in processing different languages have fundamental importance in cognitive neuroscience. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference and similarity in temporal brain activation patterns due to the language difference during visual perception of Korean and English words under priming. Especially, we tried to find the difference in evoked spectral power in gamma-band, which is known to reflect feature binding. The stimulation was visually presented as word pairs belonging to same or different categories so that N400 event-related potential(ERP) was evoked. Average ERP analysis and spectral analysis of gamma-band activity(GBA) were performed on 12 normal Korean subjects. Several ERP components such as P1, N1, N400, and P600 could be identified consistently, and the differences in N1, N400, and P600 were observed. From the spectral analysis, we found that the evoked GBA(eGBA) was significantly larger for English at ${\sim}100$ ms poststimulus. The latency of the eGBA was also considerably delayed for English. Overall, the results on the ERP components and eGBA analyses seem to be commensurate with subjects' familiarity of each language, and the difficulty of perceiving words of each language. The methods of this study can also be applied for clinical purposes considering that the language-related processing can be greatly altered for the patients with neurological or psychiatric diseases.

• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

Gaucher disease (GD, OMIM #230800 OMIM#230800) is a rare, autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disorder caused by mutation in GBA1 encoding the lysosomal enzyme, glucocerebrosidase. The deficiency of glucocerebrosidase leads to an accumulation of its substrate, glucosylceramide in macrophages of various tissues. Common clinical manifestations include cytopenia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and bone lesions. The phenotype of GD is classified into three clinical categories: Type 1 (non-neuronopathic) is characterized by involvements on the viscera, whereas types 2 and 3 (neuronopathic) are associated with not only visceral symptoms but also neurological impairment, either severe in type 2 or variable in type 3. A diagnosis of GD can be confirmed by demonstrating the deficiency of acid glucocerebrosidase activity in leukocytes. Mutations in the GBA1 should be identified as they may be of prognostic value in some cases. Biomarkers including Chitotriosidase, CCL18, and glucosylsphingosine (lyso-GL1) are useful in diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Currently available disease-specific treatment in Korea consists of intravenous enzyme replacement therapy and substrate reduction therapy. For enhancing long-term prognosis, the onset of Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia, or the occurrence of a blood disease or cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) should be monitored in older patients. The development of new strategies that can modify the neurological phenotype are expected, especially in Asia including Korea, where the prevalence of neuronopathic GD is relatively higher than that in western countries.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.17-30
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• 2014

This research presents the effect of various ground pozzolanic materials in blended cement concrete on the strength and chloride penetration resistance. An experimental investigation dealing with concrete incorporating ground fly ash (GFA), ground bottom ash (GBA) and ground rice husk ash (GRHA). The concretes were mixed by replacing each pozzolan to Ordinary Portland cement at levels of 0%, 10%, 20% and 40% by weight of binder. Three different water to cement ratios (0.35, 0.48 and 0.62) were used and type F superplasticizer was added to keep the required slump. Compressive strength and chloride permeability were determined at the ages of 28, 60, and 90 days. Furthermore, using this experimental database, linear and nonlinear multiple regression techniques were developed to construct a mathematical model of chloride permeability in concretes. Experimental results indicated that the incorporation of GFA, GBA and GRHA as a partial cement replacement significantly improved compressive strength and chloride penetration resistance. The chloride penetration of blended concrete continuously decreases with an increase in pozzolan content up to 40% of cement replacement and yields the highest reduction in the chloride permeability. Compressive strength of concretes incorporating with these pozzolans was obviously higher than those of the control concretes at all ages. In addition, the nonlinear technique gives a higher degree of accuracy than the linear regression based on statistical parameters and provides fairly reasonable absolute fraction of variance ($R^2$) of 0.974 and 0.960 for the charge passed and chloride penetration depth, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.212-215
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• 2004

In order to develop a biocontrol agent that can effectively control Fusarium wilt on Cymbidium genus, the effectiveness of antagonistic microbes against the cause pathogen was screened. The selected microbe showed a broad spectrum of antifungal activity, and the culture broth of this microbe had better preventive effect on Fusarium wilt than the commercial chemical agent in the pot assay. This isolated strain, GBA-12, was identified as Streptomyces kasugaensis, and the antifungal substance was purified from a broth culture of GBA-12. This purified substance was identified as a polyene macrolide (YS-822A) that was newly discovered from Streptomyces kasugaensis, and it exhibited antifungal activity against several phytopathogenic fungi.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.829-841
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• 2010

The estimation of a biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC, especially isoprene) and the influence of isoprene emissions on ozone concentrations in the Greater Busan Area (GBA) were carried out based on a numerical modeling approach during a high ozone episode. The BVOC emissions were estimated using a biogenic emission information system (BEIS v3.14) with vegetation data provided by the forest geographical information system (FGIS), land use data provided by the environmental geographical information system (EGIS), and meteorological data simulated by the MM5. Ozone simulation was performed by two sets of simulation scenarios: (1) without (CASE1) and (2) with isoprene emissions (CASE2). The isoprene emission (82 ton $day^{-1}$) in the GBA was estimated to be the most dominant BVOC followed by methanol (56) and carbon monoxide (28). Largest impacts of isoprene emissions on the ozone concentrations (CASE2-CASE1) were predicted to be about 4 ppb in inland locations where a high isoprene was emitted and to be about 2 ppb in the downwind and/or convergence regions of wind due to both the photochemical reaction of ozone precursors (e.g., high isoprene emissions) and meteorological conditions (e.g., local transport).

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 GBAS의 VDB 시스템에 사용되는 4각 배열 다이폴 안테나를 하나의 안테나로 대체할 수 있는 3중 폴디드 무지향성 마이크로스트립 안테나(중심주파수 118 MHz)를 제안하였다. 먼저 λ/2 마이크로스트립 안테나에서 무지향성 방사 패턴을 얻기 위해 λ/4로 폴디드된 안테나를 제작하였으며, 또한 섭동 효과를 이용하여 3중 폴디드 형태의 소형화된 안테나로 변형시켰다. 그 결과, 중심주파수 118MHz 대역에서 S₁₁은 -13.91 dB, -10 dB 대역폭은 1.5 MHz(1.27%)의 특성을 얻었다. 또한, yz-plane, xy-plane에서 E_θ 성분이 전방향성 방사 패턴을 나타내며, 안테나의 크기는 기준안테나 대비 64.2% 소형화를 얻어, 최종적으로 제안된 하나의 안테나로써 GBAS의 VDB용 안테나로써 적합함을 확인하였다.