• Title/Summary/Keyword: GA3 treatment

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Characterization of Ga-doped ZnO thin films prepared by RF magnetron sputtering method (RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링법으로 합성된 Ga-doped ZnO 박막의 특성평가)

  • Yun, Young-Hoon
    • Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.73-77
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    • 2021
  • Ga-doped ZnO thin films by RF magnetron sputtering process were synthesized according to the deposition conditions of O2 and Ar atmosphere gases, and rapid heat treatment (RTA) was performed at 600℃ in an N2 atmosphere. The thickness of the deposited ZnO : Ga thin film was measured, the crystal phase was investigated by XRD pattern analysis, and the microstructure of the thin film was observed by FE-SEM and AFM images. The intensity of the (002) plane of the X-ray diffraction pattern showed a significant difference depending on the deposition conditions of the thin films formed by O2 and Ar atmosphere gas types. In the case of a single thin f ilm doped with Ga under O2 conditions, a strong diffraction peak was observed. Under O2 and Ar conditions, in the case of a multilayer thin film with Ga doping, only a peak on the (002) plane with a somewhat weak intensity was shown. In the FE-SEM image, it was observed that the grain size of the surface of the thin film slightly increased as the thickness increased. In the case of a multilayer thin film with Ga doping under O2 and Ar atmosphere conditions, the specific resistance was 6.4 × 10-4 Ω·cm. In the case of a single thin film with Ga doping under O2 atmosphere conditions, the resistance of the thin film decreased. The resistance decreased as the thickness of the Ga-doped ZnO thin film increased to 2 ㎛, showing relatively a low specific resistance of 1.0 × 10-3 Ω·cm.

Effects of Application Time of GA Paste on Tree and Fruit Growth and Fruit Quality of 'Kamcheonbae' and 'Whangkeumbae' Pears (GA 도포제의 처리시기가 '감천배'와 '황금배'의 생육과 과실 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • Youn, Cheol-Ku;Kim, Seon-Kyu;Lim, Sang-Cheol;Kim, Hag-Hyun;Kim, Young-Ho;Lee, Cheol-Hee;Choi, Kwan-Soon
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.383-386
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    • 2000
  • To clarify the effects of application time of $GA_{4+7}$ paste (GA paste) on tree and fruit growth, fruit quality, and maturity of 'Kamcheonbae' and 'Whangkuembae' pears, GA paste of 25 mg each was applied directly to fruit stalk 25, 35, and 45 days after full bloom (DAFB). Later application of GA paste tended to increase the fruit weight of 'Kamcheonbae' pear. GA paste applied 45 DAFB increased the titratable acidity of the two cultivars. Fruit firmness of 'Kamcheonbae' was not affected by the GA paste treatment, while that of 'Whangkuembae' was increased by more than 20%. Fruit maturity of the two cultivars was hastened for 4 days by the GA paste treatment at any application time. Sharp increase in the fruit weight of the GA paste-treated 'Kamcheonbae' was noted from early July while that of control exhibited slow increase from early September. The initial growth pattern of 'Whangkeumbae' was similar to that of 'Kamcheonbae', but the growth slowed down from early September, regardless of the treatments.

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Performance of Hot-dip Zn-6%Al-3%Mg Alloy Coated Steel Sheet as Automotive Body Material

  • Shimizu, Takeshi;Asada, Hiroshi;Morikawa, Shigeru
    • Corrosion Science and Technology
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.74-80
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    • 2010
  • For the purpose of applying a hot-dip Zn-6mass%Al-3mass%Mg alloy coated steel sheet (ZAM) to automotive body materials, a laboratory study of the general properties required for inner and outer panels of automotive bodies was performed. Even with only light coating weight, ZAM showed an excellent corrosion resistance in terms of both cosmetic and perforation corrosion compared to the currently used materials for automotive bodies, GI70 and GA45. In our study, it was confirmed that ZAM exhibits as good as or better properties than GI70 in terms of spot weldability and press formability. Furthermore, since the same corrosion resistance can be achieved with less coating weight by applying ZAM, laser weldability is better than GI and GA.

Esters of Substituted Benzoic Acids as Anti-thrombotic Agents

  • Yunchoi, Hye-Sook;Kim, Monn-Hee;Jung, Ki-Hwa
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.66-70
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    • 1996
  • Aliphatic esters of protocatechuic acid (PA, 1), vanillic acid (VA, 9) and gallic acid (GA, 18) were prepared and their anti-thrombotic effects were evaluated in the mouse model of thrombosis. The aliphatic groups included methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, n-amyl and cyclohexyl. n-Amyl ester of PA (7), i-propyl and cyclohexyl esters of VA (13 and 17 respectively) and ethyl ester of GA (20) treatment significantly lowered the death rate and increased the recovery from paralysis due to the thrombotic challenge. From the limited analogs available, it was tentatively concluded that the structural conformation, where carboxy oxygen (=O or -O) of the carboxyl group (COOH) at $C_1$ and the oxygen function at $C_3(either\; OH\; or\; OCH_3)$ are closely situated, is favorable for the esters of PA, VA and GA to be more antithrombotic.

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Effect of Different Production Period of Nursery Plant and Age on the Yield in Different Cropping Type of Everbearing Strawberry (사계성 딸기의 자묘생산시기와 묘령의 차이가 작형별 수량에 미치는 영향)

  • Ra, Sang-Wook;Woo, In-Sik;Kim, Woon-Seop;Seo, Kwan-Seok;Yoon, Wha-Mo;Hur, Il-Bum
    • The Journal of Natural Sciences
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.73-80
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    • 1998
  • This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of runner development based on production period and to investigate the yield in different cropping type to nursery plant age. In runner development experiment, heating + lighting + $GA_3$ + cluster removal treatment increased the number of runners by 13.1 times higher in spring season than control(heating only) in overwintering mother-plant. Treatment of 20ppm $GA_3$ was the most effective for runner production in autumn. In nursery plant age experiment, 60 days old nursery plants produced more flower cluster than 40 days old ones. This result indicated that the yield potential was so low that overwintering runners would be adaptable for spring or summer cultivation.

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Effects of Presowing Seed Treatments on Improvement of Seed Germination and Seedling Emergence of Onion (양파의 발아 및 입묘 향상을 위한 종자처리의 효과)

  • 강진호;정은호;김만배;박정민
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.219-226
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    • 2004
  • Transplantings of onion (Allium cepa L.) seedlings are required for higher germinability and uniformity. This study was done to determine effects of various seed treatments (seed cleaning, priming, GA$_3$, prechilling, drying, and light quality during seed drying) on germination and seedling emergence. Nongwoodaego and Changnyungdaego were used as cultivars for checking seed germination, and two cultivars and Cheonjuguhyeonghwang were investigated with seedling production rate. Seed cleaning using water prior to the other treatments greatly increased germination rate. Priming with 200mM Ca(NO$_3$)$_2$ solution somewhat alleviated the germination rate while GA$_3$ did not. Prechilling had the highest rate among the treatments. Seed drying after prechilling enhanced the rate compared to non drying, and during drying the prechilled seeds red light illumination showed the greatest rate in comparison with dark, blue, and far-red ones. Seedling production rate was enhanced in sequential treatments of seed cleaning, prechilling for 3 to 5 days, and red light treatment during 6 hour seed drying.

Functional Mechanism of Plant Growth Retardation by Bacillus subtilis IJ-31 and Its Allelochemicals

  • Kim, Won-Chan;Rhee, In-Koo
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.22 no.10
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    • pp.1375-1380
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    • 2012
  • We previously isolated a rhizobacterium (Bacillus subtilis IJ-31) and demonstrated that its associated allelochemicals could indicate plant growth retardation. However, little is known about how the growth of plants is regulated by B. subtilis IJ-31 and its allelochemicals. In this study, we investigated whether plant growth retardation in this relationship occurred through the inhibition of gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis. GA $3{\beta}$-hydroxylase activity was found to be inhibited by B. subtilis IJ-31 and hydrocinnamic acid (HCA), which is one of the allelochemicals produced by B. subtilis IJ-31. Additionally, thin layer chromatography (TLC) demonstrated that B. subtilis IJ-31 culture broth and HCA both inhibit GA $3{\beta}$-hydroxylase (MBP-GA4) activity. The retardation of plants by HCA was then confirmed in vivo and in vitro using a Ryegrass and Arabidopsis growth retardation assay. Furthermore, treatment with either B. subtilis IJ-31 culture extract or its allelochemicals resulted in significant down-regulation of XTR9 gene expression in Arabidopsis. Overall, we identified the functional mechanism of plant growth retardation by B. subtilis IJ-31 and its allelochemicals.

Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth of Rice Seedling for Machine Transplanting (식물생장조절제 처리가 벼기계이앙 어린모 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • 이주열
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.360-365
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    • 1993
  • The infant seedling of rice(8-to 10-day-old) has often suffered from submergence just after transplanting due to the too short seedling height, 5 to 8cm, This experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of gibberellic acid($GA_3 : 25% soluble liquid) with the application methods of foliar spray and seed-soaking on the elongation of seedling height of infant rice seedling in machine transplanting, We used a japonica rice variety, Hwaseongbyeo, and the seeding rate was 200g per seed tray(30$\times60$\times3cm). Generally,$GA_3 and Metalaxyl increased the elongation of seedling height of infant seedling while Tetracycle decreased the seedling height, To increase the seedling height of infant seedling, the foliar spary application of $GA_3 was better than seed-soaking treatment. The optimum concentration of $GA_3 for the foliar spray was about l0ppm and the optimum application time of $GA_3 was 3 to 4 days after sowing.

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Role of Plant Hormones in the Senescing Detached Leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris (강남콩 잎의 노화에 있어서 식물 호르몬의 역할)

  • 이동희;서영희;김영상
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.297-308
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    • 1997
  • Role of plant hormones on the leaf senescence of Phaseolus vulgaris were investigated by measuring the disassembly of chlorophyll-protein complexes in detached leaves treated with NAA, GA$_{3}$ , or BA. The loss of chlorophyll that was characteristic of leaf senescence induced disassembly of chlorophyll-protein complexed. During dark-induced senescence, PSI complex was rapidly degraded after the early stage, whereas RC-Core3 was slightly increased until the middle stage and slowly decreased thereafter. And gradual degradation of trimeric LCHII progressed after the late stage of senescence. Exogenous application of NAA and GA$_{3}$ had little or no effect in protecting disassembly of chlorophyll-protein complexes during leaf senescence compared to control. However exogenous BA application strongly leaves. In the simultaneous treatment of plant hormones and light, BA application under illumination of light was most effective in the stability of chlorophyll-protein complexes, particularly PSI, LHCII, RC-Core2, RC-Core3 and SC-1. these results suggest, therefore, that simultaneous application of BA and light induced synergistic effect on the stability off chlorophyll-protein complexes during leaf senescence.

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