• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
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• pp.109-113
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• 2004

In case while modulation index (M) is more than 0.7, the spectrum of motor voltage and current of a conventional two-phase SRP scheme are not reduced considerably. To solve the problems of a conventional two-phase SRP, this paper proposes a two-phase SRP(DZSRP) with double zero vector mode which zero vector is selected as V(111) in case of M $\geq$ 0.7, and zero vector is selected as V(000) if M < 0.7. For the validity of the proposed method, a 16 bit micro-controller C167 was used and the experiments were conducted with the 1.5kw induction motor under load condition. And the experimental results show that the switching noise spectrum for all the M are spread to a wide band area. Also the switching noise and conducted noise are discussed.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.42-42
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• 2001

Following the prior studs regarding that 1.0g of cotton fabric cound be dyed uniformly with a reactive dye in the solvent mixture of 2㎖ of water and 23㎖ of dichloromethane, silk fabric was dyed with C. I. Reactive Blue 203 in the water/dichloromethane two-phase immiscible solvent media. In order to minimize dye loss due to its hydrolysis, the reactive dyeing was carried out in dichloromethane containing a small amount of water. With only 3㎖ of water in 22㎖ of dichloromethane, 1.0g of silk fabric could be dyed perfectly. The uptake ratio was increased greatly, compared with that of normal reactive dyeing in a water medium. It would seem that the one of hydrophobic solvents, dichloromethane, can assist the even dyeing as it disperses a small amount of dye-dissolved water phase and conveys this water phase to the fabric entirely and uniformly.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.128-134
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• 2001

Following the prior studs regarding that 1.0g of cotton fabric round be dyed uniformly with a reactive dye in the solvent mixture of $2m\ell$ of water and $23m\ell$ of dichloromethane, silk fabric was dyed with C. I. Reactive Blue 203 in the water/dichloromethane two-phase immiscible solvent media. In order to minimize dye loss due to its hydrolysis, the reactive dyeing was carried out in dichloromethane containing a small amount of water. With only $3m\ell$ of water in $22m\ell$ of dichloromethane, 1.0g of silk fabric could be dyed perfectly. The uptake ratio was increased greatly, compared wish that of normal reactive dyeing in a water medium. It would seem that the one of hydrophobic solvents, dichloromethane, can assist the Even dyeing as it disperses a small amount of dye-dissolved phase and conveys this water phase to the fabric entirely and uniformly.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2008

Silicide formation process and the formation sequence were investigated in this study. It was postulated that the formation of the second silicide phase involves glass formation between the first silicide phase and Si given that a thin metal film is deposited on a Si substrate. The concentration of glass was assumed to be located where the free energy of the liquid alloy with respect to the first nucleated compound and solid Si (${\Delta}$G') is most negative. It was also mentioned that the glass concentration is close to the composition of the second phase in order to achieve the maximum energy degradation. It was shown that the minimum ${\Delta}$G' concentration can be estimated by interpolating the portion of the liquidus where the liquid alloy is in equilibrium with the two solid constituents, namely the first compound phase and Si, thereby forming a hypothetical eutectic.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8313-8319
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• 2016

We have recently shown that thymoquinone (TQ) has a potent cytotoxic effect and induces apoptosis via caspase-3 activation with down-regulation of XIAP in mouse neuroblastoma (Neuro-2a) cells. Interestingly, our results showed that TQ was significantly more cytotoxic towards Neuro-2a cells when compared with primary normal neuronal cells. In this study, the effects of TQ on cell-cycle regulation and the mechanisms that contribute to this effect were investigated using Neuro-2a cells. Cell-cycle analysis performed by flow cytometry revealed cell-cycle arrest at G2/M phase and a significant increase in the accumulation of TQ-treated cells at sub-G1 phase, indicating induction of apoptosis by the compound. Moreover, TQ increased the expression of p53, p21 mRNA and protein levels, whereas it decreased the protein expression of PCNA, cyclin B1 and Cdc2 in a dose-dependent manner. Our finding suggests that TQ could suppress cell growth and cell survival via arresting the cell-cycle in the G2/M phase and inducing apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

A single fraction of 50 Gy extracorporeal irradiation, as a modality of limb-sparing operation, has been used to achieve tumor necrosis in osteosarcoma. Although this modality of radiation therapy preserving the mobility of a joint is commonly practiced, the precise knowledge on the radiobiological response of osteosarcoma cell has remained to be elucidated. We therefore observed whether a single high dose irradiation caused apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells and whether the commitment to apoptosis was associated with cell kinetics. We also investigated radiation dose response along the time course for development of apoptosis following single high dose irradiation. The morphologic change in apoptosis was observed by fluorescence with Hoechst 33258 and the degree and the fraction of cells by flow cytometry. Irradiation of osteosarcoma cells with 10, 30 and 50 Gy resulted in chromatin condensation and apoptotic body formation. The degree of apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells was $29.5{\pm}3.56%$, $39.9{\pm}4.83%$ at 24 and 48 hours after 10 Gy irradiation ; $41.1{\pm}3.93%$, $66.9{\pm}5.21%$ at 24 and 48 hours after 30 Gy irradiation ; and $48.0{\pm}3.69%$, $75.6{\pm}4.65%$ at 24 and 48 hours after 50 Gy irradiation. The fraction of cells in cell-cycle kinetic was $39.2{\pm}4.3%$ in G2/M, $22.1{\pm}4.65%$ in G1 at 24 hours after 10 Gy irradiation ; $51.0{\pm}4.3%$ in G2/M, $20.4{\pm}4.7%$ in G1 at 48 hours after 10 Gy irradiation ; $40.3{\pm}3.9%$ in G2/M, $26.1{\pm}4.7%$ in G1 at 24 hours after 30 Gy irradiation ; $59.2{\pm}3.9%$ in G2/M, $5.9{\pm}5.1%$ in G1 at 48 hours after 30 Gy irradiation ; and $44.3{\pm}4.2%$ in G2/M, $21.1{\pm}3.5%$ in G1 at 24 hours after 50 Gy irradiation. The fraction of cells at 48 hours after 50 Gy irradiation could not be observed because of irradiation induced cell death of most of cells. All values for irradiated cells showed accumulation in G2/M phase and reduction in G1 phase, irrespective of irradiation dose. The results suggest that a single fraction of high dose irradiation with 50 Gy results in accumulation of cells at G2/M phase, leading to apoptosis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1150-1157
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to investigate effects of phase feeding and sugar beet pulp (SBP) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen excretion, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs. A total of 128 pigs were allotted at 53.9 kg BW to 8 replicates in a 2$\times$2 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. The first factor was phase feeding (2 or 3 phase feeding) and SBP (SBP: 0% or 10%) was the second factor. Ten percent SBP supplement groups showed lower average daily feed intake (ADFI) than 0% SBP supplement groups (p<0.05). However, there were no significant difference in average daily gain (ADG) and feed:gain ratio among treatments during overall experimental period. Nutrient digestibility was not affected by phase feeding or SBP supplementation. Urinary nitrogen excretion in 10% SBP supplement group was lower than that in 0% SBP supplement group (p<0.05) and total nitrogen excretion was lower in SBP supplement group than in the group without SBP. Urinary and total nitrogen were numerically decreased in three phase feeding compared to two phase feeding. The BUN concentration in three phase feeding groups was lower than two phase feeding groups at 47 and 63 day (p<0.05). Consequently, results of this experiment demonstrated that three phase feeding was more acceptable than two phase feeding for finishing pigs. And sugar beet pulp could be supplemented in finishing pig diet for decreasing urinary nitrogen excretion without retardation in growth performance of pigs.

• BMB Reports
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• 제44권8호
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• pp.529-534
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• 2011

Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) is a multifunctional protein involved in translation, DNA repair, and apoptosis. The relationship between rpS3 and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) involved in cell cycle regulation is not yet known. Here, we show that rpS3 is phosphorylated by Cdk1 in G2/M phase. Co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays revealed that Cdk1 interacted with rpS3. An in vitro kinase assay showed that Cdk1 phosphorylated rpS3 protein. Phosphorylation of rpS3 increased in nocodazole-arrested mitotic cells; however, treatment with Cdk1 inhibitor or Cdk1 siRNA significantly attenuated this phosphorylation event. The phosphorylation of a mutant form of rpS3, T221A, was significantly reduced compared with wild-type rpS3. Decreased phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of T221A was much more pronounced in G2/M phase. These results suggest that the phosphorylation of rpS3 by Cdk1 occurs at Thr221 during G2/M phase and, moreover, that this event is important for nuclear accumulation of rpS3.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.3-12
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• 2006

1 The present work was performed to investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on proliferation, cell cycle-regulation and differentiation of human leukemia HL-60 cells as well as the underlying mechanisms for these effects. 2 Ginsenoside Rh2 potently inhibited the proliferation of HL-60 cells in both a dose- and time-dependent manner with an $IC_{50}$, $20{\mu}M$. 3 DNA flow-cytometry indicated that ginsenoside Rh2 markedly induced a $G_1$ phase arrest of HL-60 cells. 4 Among the $G_1$ phase cell cycle-related proteins, the levels of cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK)4, 6 and cyclin D1, cyclin D2, cyclin D3 were reduced by ginsenoside Rh2, whereas the steadystate levels of CDK2 and cyclin E were unaffected. 5 The protein levels of a CDK inhibitor p16, $p21^{CIP1/WAF1}$ and $p27^{KIP1}$ were markedly increased by ginsenoside Rh2. 6 Ginsenoside Rh2 markedly enhanced the binding of $p21^{CIP1/WAF1}$ and $p27^{KIP1}$ with CDK2 and CDK6, resulting in the reduced activity of both kinases and the hypophosphorylation of Rb protein. 7 We furthermore suggest that ginsenoside Rh2 is a potent inducer of the differentiation of HL-60 cells, based on observations such as a reduction of the nitroblue tetrazolium level, an increase in the esterase activities and phagocytic activity, morphology changes, and the expression of CD11b, CD14, CD64 and CD66b surface antigens. 8 In conclusion, the onset of ginsenoside Rh2-induced the $G_0/G_1$ arrest of HL-60 cells prior to the differentiation is linked to a sharp up-regulation of the $p21^{CIP1/WAF1}$ level and a decrease in the CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 activities. This is the first report demonstrating that ginsenoside Rh2 potently inhibits the proliferation of human promyelocytic HL-60 cells via the $G_1$ phase cell cycle arrest and differentiation induction.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.486-491
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• 2012

Myostatin (MSTN)은 TGF (transforming growth factor)-beta family에 속하며, 골격근 성장의 억제 조절인자로서 여러 포유류에서 MSTN 유전자 돌연변이는 골격근 증가를 유도한다. MSTN prodomain은 MSTN의 생물학적 활성을 저해하는데, MSTN prodomain이 과 발현된 쥐에서 과도한 근육축적이 확인되었다. 로티퍼(rotifer; Brachionus rotundiformis)는 치어기 어류의 양식산업에 있어 주요한 일차적 먹이생물이다. 그러나 로티퍼에서 MSTN 및 MSTN prodomain의 기능과 발현 유무는 알려져 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구는 재조합 MSTN prodomains이로티퍼에 미치는 영향에 관하여 조사하고자 하였다. 로티퍼 개체배양 실험을 통하여 재조합 MSTN prodomains(pMALc2x-poMSTNpro, pAMLc2x-sMSTNpro)에 의한 로티퍼의 생식 전 단계, 순 생식단계, 생식 후 단계, 산란, 수명, 포란, 수컷 발생률을 확인하였으며, 또한 pMALc2x-poMSTNpro와 pAMLc2x-sMSTNpro이 밀집배양에서 로티퍼의 개체성장에 영향을 미치는지에 대하여 확인하였다. 그 결과 농도가 1, 2, 4 ${\mu}g/ml$에서 pMALc2x-poMSTNpro를 처리한 실험군과 0.25 ${\mu}g/ml$에서 4 ${\mu}g/ml$ 농도까지 pMALc2x-sMSTNpro를 처리한 실험군에서 로티퍼의 생식 전 단계가 아무처리하지 않은 대조군에 비하여 짧아졌다. 밀집배양 실험에 있어 pMALc2x-poMSTNpro와 pMALc2x-sMSTNpro 모두 로티퍼의 개체 수를 증가를 유도하여, 재조합 MSTN prodomains에 의해서 로티퍼의 reprodution에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만, 재조합 MSTN prodomains이 어떠한 수용체를 이용하여 신호를 전달하는지에 대한 연구는 앞으로 더 진행되어야 하며, 본 연구의 결과는 재조합 MSTN prodomains이 미세조류에서의 기능 및 메커니즘연구에 중요한 기초자료가 될 것으로 사료된다.