• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2014

This study was conducted to analyze the protective capacity of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), which is rich in mulberry and blackberry as an anthocyanin pigment. In this study, we found that treatment with C3G significantly reduced ROS production in hydrogen peroxide $(H_2O_2)-treated$ HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, treatment with C3G significantly increased the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner in $H_2O_2-treated$ HepG2 cells. Moreover, treatment with C3G dose-dependently decreased the release of LDH and activation of caspase-3 in HepG2 cells treated with $H_2O_2$. Furthermore, the DNA damage in $H_2O_2-treated$ HepG2 cells was decreased by C3G treatment when compared with the control group in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, treatment with C3G recovered the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase in $H_2O_2-treated$ HepG2 cells. To summarize, these results suggest that C3G protects cells from $H_2O_2-induced$ oxidative damage by activating antioxidant enzymes.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.392-398
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• 1992

Field study on the sporogenesis periods of 16 red algae growing at the intertidal zone of Daesongri was conducted from April 1987 to March 1988, obseuing the occurence of carposporic and tetrasporic fronds. The period of Gloiopeltis furcata was in spring and summer; that of Laurencia intermedia, Laurencia undulata and Rhodymenia intricate in summer; that of Chondria dasyphylla and Hypnea charoides in autumn; that of Carpopeltis affinis, Pachymeniopsis lanceolata, Chondrus ocellatus, Awosorium polyneunm, Gymnogongrus flabelliformis, Gigartina intermedia, Champia parvula and Ceramium paniculatum in summer and autumn. Of the species, G. flabelliiformis, G. intermedia and R. intricate only matured the carposporic phase, and P. telfairiae, H charoides, C. parvula and C. paniculatum did the tetrasporic phase. But the carposporic phase of G. flabelliformis and the tetrasporic phase of C. paniculatum were not occured in Kori area where water temperature was 3 C higher than that in Daesongri. In that area they only matured the other phase. This suggests that the life history is rarely complete in nature and water temperature is a important factor influencing on the sporogenesis. Also it was observed in C. affinis, C. ocellatus and S. latiuscula that the period of one phase is much longer than that of the other phase. But in most of species with both phases, tatrasporic and caropsporic, the former phase appeared a month later than the latter phase. In addition, their biomass became maximum just before sporgenesis, and then gradually decreased with release of reproductive cells.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.208-215
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• 2012

To study the effect of surface crosslinked layer on the crosslinked poly(sodium acrylate) (cPSA) absorbent, we synthesized several surface crosslinked cPSAs with 5, 10 and 20 g of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) by an inverse emulsion polymerization method to delay the absorption of excess water in concrete. We measured the compressive and flexural strength of mortars having 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt% cPSA-EGDMA. We observed the increase of compressive and flexural strength of the cPSA-EGDMA added cement mortars except for the 0.5 wt% cPSA-EGDMA (20 g) added cement mortar. 1.0 wt% cPSA-EGDMA (5 g) added cement mortar showed about 16% and 10% increased compressive and flexural strength than those of plain cement mortar. To study the effect of porosity on compressive and flexural strength, we used FE-SEM and porosimeter. FE-SEM analysis showed swollen cPSMAEGDMA (5 g) filled between calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) crystals. We observed the decreased porosity of the cPSA-EGDMA added cement mortars than that of plain cement mortar. 1.0 wt% cPSA-EGDMA (5 g) cement mortar showed the lowest porosity of 16.5%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 1998

The effects of filling amount and temperature of orage juices on the release of tin from can were investigated according to storage period and temperature. For the experiment, the orange juice in can with the full weight of 200g were filled respectively with 170g, 180g, 190g, respectively, changing filling temperature to 8$0^{\circ}C$, 88$^{\circ}C$, 93$^{\circ}C$. In the case of 170g orange juice content all samples with the filling temperature at 8$0^{\circ}C$, 88$^{\circ}C$, 93$^{\circ}C$ and the storage temperature at 4$^{\circ}C$, 26$^{\circ}C$, 4$0^{\circ}C$ surpassed 150ppm(the permitted limit of tin) of released tin content after 30 days in ascending order. In the case of 180g orange juice content, all samples except the one with the filling temperature at 93$^{\circ}C$ and storage temperature at 4$^{\circ}C$, which took 90 days to surpass the limit, surpassed 150ppm of released tin content after 30days. In the case of 190g orange juice content, the samples with the filling temperature of 88$^{\circ}C$ and 93$^{\circ}C$ and with the storage temperature at 4$0^{\circ}C$ took 60 days to reached to the limit, while the samples with the storage temperature at 4$^{\circ}C$ and 26$^{\circ}C$ contained within the 150ppm limit for 240 days. The vacuum of can increased as the filling temperature was increased, and the sample with higher filling amount and temperature at the lower storage temperature decreased the release of tin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2015

Genome walking is a par ticular application for identifying sequences of unknown genomic regions adjacent to a known region. Many genome walking methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are available. Even if earlier techniques suffer from low reproducibility, inefficiency, and non-specificity, improved strategies have been developed. In this study, we present an alternative strategy: the genomic DNA is digested with restriction enzymes. After cytosine overhangs at 5' ends, the fragments are ligated to linker adaptor s had guanine overhang at 3' ends. Then nested PCR is performed. The improvements in this strategy focus on two points. The first is the C tailing method using Pfu polymerase instead of the A tailing method based on nontemplate-dependent terminal transferase activity of Taq polymerase. Therefore unintended modification of target DNA can be prevented without A tailing error. The second point is the use of C/G-specific ligation had advantage in the ligation efficiency compared with A/T-specific ligation. Therefore, the C-G linker PCR method increases ligation efficiency between digested genomic DNA and adaptor DNA. As a result, the quantity of target DNA to amplify by PCR is enriched. We successfully used G-C linker PCR to retrieve flanking regions bordering the phophinothricin resistance gene in genetically modified tobacco (GMO).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.143-146
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• 2000

This study was conducted to compare the cellular fatty acid composition and genotypic analysis of Bifidobacterium longum MK-G7 originated from Koreans with other commercial type strains of bifidobacteria. The cellular fatty acid of Bif. longum MK-G7 was shown to be composed of $C_{160FAME},C_{181\;c18DMA},C_{18.1\;CIS9\; FAME},C_{14.0FAME},C_{19\;0cye9,10 DMA},Feature7(C_{17.2 FAME), and Feature 10(C_{181\; Cll/t9/t6 FAME}$. Bif. longum MK-G7 showed 99.9% homology and the highest relatedness with Bif. longum ATCC 15707 type strain. Both Bif. longum MK-G7 and Bif. longum ATCC 15707 showed 153 bp products on RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) analysis, however, they showed quite different band patterns on PFGE (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) analysis. Consequently, our present study showed that Bif. longum MK-G7 was different from any commercial type strains of Bif. longum tested.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1132-1139
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• 2006

Single nucleotide polymorph isms (SNPs) in the MDR1 gene that are responsible for drug efflux can cause toxicity. Therefore, this study determined the SNPs of the Korean MDR1 gene, and analyzed the haplotypes and a linkage disequilibrium (LD) of the SNPs determined. The frequency of 9 SNPs from the MDR1 gene was determined by PCR-RFLP analyses of 100 to 500 healthy individuals. The frequcies of the SNPs were C3435T (47.7%), G2677T (37.6%), G2677A (4.4%), T1236C (21.7%), T129C (8%), A2956G (2.5%), T307C (1.5%), A41aG (9.2%), C145G (0%), and G4030C (0%). Analyses of the haplotype structure and an estimation of the LD of the combined polymorph isms demonstrated that the frequency of the 1236T-2677G-3435T haplotype is much higher in Koreans (14.1%) than in Chinese and western black Africans and the C3435T SNP in Koreans appears to have LD with T129C in Koreans for the first time. These results provide insight into the genetic variation of MDR1 in Koreans, and demonstrated the possibility of a new LD in this gene.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2003

To prepare alkaline degreasing agents(SADAs), tetrasodium pyrophosphate(TSPP), $Na_2CO_3$, Tetronix T-701 (T-701), Na-dioctyl sulfosuccinate(303C), Demol C, and MJU-100A were blended. The prepared degreasing agents were tested with steel specimens and the results were as follows. The degreasing powers of SADA-6($Na_2CO_3$ 50g/TSPP 25g/T-701 10g/303C 15g/Demol C 12g/MJU-100A 8g/water 130g mixture) for press-rust preventing oil were 98% and 99% degreasing at 4wt%, 70 $^{\circ}C$ and 90 $^{\circ}C$, respectively; for quenching oil, the degreasing power of SADA-6 was 92% degreasing at 4wt% and 70 $^{\circ}C$. From these results, it was proved that the SADA-6 exhibits a good degreasing power. Foam heights measured immediately after foaming by Ross & Miles method and Ross & Clark method at 6wt% and 60 $^{\circ}C$ were 16mm and 40mm, respectively. SADA-6 was proved a good low foaming degreasing agent.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.390-396
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• 2002

We present a meaningful interpretation of the equations for the steady-state queue length distribution of the GI/GI/c/K queue so that the equations are better understood and become more applicable. As a byproduct, we present an exact expression of the mean queue waiting time for the M/GI/c queue.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.225-229
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• 1998

Formation of a L-Ascorbic Acid 2-O-$\alpha$-glucoside(AA-2G) is a chemically stable dervative of asocrbate that shows a vitamin C acitivity in vitro as well as in vivo. We studied whether ascorbic acid(AA) and AA-2G are formed in baechu kimchi during fermentation at 4 $^{\circ}C$ or 18$^{\circ}C$. To determine the formation of AA and AA-2G during fermentation of kimchi, wheat flour (as a carbhydrate source) added baechu kimchi (WBK) and control baechu kimchi(CBK) were prepared and fermented at 4 $^{\circ}C$ or 18 $^{\circ}C$. A substance like AA-2G was detected by HPLC from WBK fermented at 18 $^{\circ}C$ for 26 days in fall season and confirmed later to be the AA-2G showing distinctive characteristics of heat stability and resistance to ascrobate oxidase catalase. However, none of the kimchi formed AA-2G when the kimchi were fermented under a different temperature condition such as 4 $^{\circ}C$ instead of 18 $^{\circ}C$ or a different season such as summer instead of fall even if they were fermented at 18 $^{\circ}C$. The pH of kimchi was decreased rapidly during the first 3 days. and then decreased slowly after 4 days when the kimchi were fermented at 18 $^{\circ}C$. However, there were slight changes of pH in both CBK and WBK feremented at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 30 $^{\circ}C$ days. Therefore, the AA-2G -forming activity in kimchi seems to be correlated with the formentation temperature, the microorganisms involved in kimchi fermentation and a suitable glycosyl donor for AA as provided by wheat flour in this study.