• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.705-711
• /
• 2003

The gellan was produced by Pseudomonas elodea under aerobic condition. In this study, the effects of inoculum size, carbon sources and concentration, nitrogen source, and C/N ratio on the cell growth and the production of gellan were evaluated. The maximum growth of P. elodea and gellan production was obtained at 5% (v/v) of inoculum size and glucose showed best results among 9 carbon sources tested. The maximum specific yield of 2.22 and productivity of $0.03 g/\ell$h were obtained at 1.0% (w/v) of glucose. The maximum gellan production was obtained at medium without ammonium nitrate. This indicates that nitrogen limitation is essential for the production of gellan. The highest cell and gellan production were obtained at 20 of C/N ratio.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.711-717
• /
• 2019

The application of advanced oxidation for the treatment of oil refinery wastewater under UV radiation by using nanoparticles of titanium dioxide was investigated. Synthetic wastewater prepared from phenol crystals; Power Glide SAE40 motor vehicle oil and water was used. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken design was employed to design the experimental runs, optimize and study the interaction effects of the operating parameters including catalyst concentration, run time and airflow rate to maximize the degradation of oil (SOG) and phenol. The analysis of variance and the response models developed were used to evaluate the data obtained at a 95% confidence level. The use of the RSM demonstrated the graphical relationship that exists between individual factors and their interactive effects on the response, as compared to the one factor at time approach. The obtained optimum conditions of photocatalytic degradation are the catalyst concentration of 2 g/L, the run time of 30 min and the airflow rate of 1.04 L/min. Under the optimum conditions, a 68% desirability performance was obtained, representing 81% and 66% of SOG and phenol degradability, respectively. Thus, the hydrocarbon oils were readily degradable, while the phenols were more resistant to photocatalytic degradation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2010.04a
• /
• pp.782-785
• /
• 2010

본 논문은 연속된 음성 신호를 전송로 상에 전송하기 위해 음성 신호를 G.711 표준 권고인 PCM으로 다중화한 후 고정 타임슬롯을 배정하여 전송하는 시스템에서 PCM 화된 디지털 음성 데이터를 실시간으로 암호화하여 전송하는 스트림 암호화 기법에 관한 것이다. 실시간으로 처리되는 음성 데이터의 암호화 시에는 하드웨어 방식이 적합한 데, 본 논문에서는 고정 타임슬롯을 배정받는 음성 데이터의 실시간 암호화 기법에 관한 것이다. 일반적으로 아날로그 음성 신호 코딩 시에 국내에서는 북미 방식인 ${\mu}-law$ 코딩 기법을 적용하는 데 이는 표본화한 음성 데이터를 양자화전에 압축하고 복호화 후 신장하는 비선형 양자화 기법을 적용하는 것으로 표본화된 값을 8 비트의 PCM 데이터로 변화하여 E1(2.048Mbps) 급 속도로 전송한다. 본 논문에서는 PCM 전송로 상에 전송되기 전의 직렬 입력 데이터를 암호화 장치를 거쳐 해당 타임슬롯에 해당하는 8 비트의 데이터를 실시간으로 암호화하여 전송로 상으로 전송하고 역으로 수신 단에서는 PCM 전송로를 거친 직렬 입력 데이터를 암호화된 타임슬롯을 판별하여 해당 타임슬롯의 데이터를 복호화하여 원래 데이터를 복원한다. 본 논문에서는 고정 타임슬롯을 배정받은 PCM 데이터를 암호화하여 전송한 후 수신 단에서 복호화 과정을 거친 후 타임슬롯 단위로 데이터 암호화/복호화가 가능함을 보여준다.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.272-283
• /
• 2007

This study was performed to delineate the relationship between lifestyle and nutritional risk factors associated with hypertension in representative middle-aged Korean population. Hypertension in this study is defined as hypertensive ($SBP{\geq}140mmHg\;or\;DBP{\geq}90mmHg$) adults without recognition of a disease state before a health exam. With data from the 1998 and 2001 National Health and Nutritional Survey, nutrient intakes of 6,112 adults, 40-64 years of age were calculated using food composition database and matched with health examination records by individual ID. After excluding those with extreme intake values, the number of final subjects included in the analysis was 5,200 (male 2,458, female 2,742). Using logistic regression method, socio-demographic data, lifestyle factors, and nutrient intakes were analyzed. Risky factors for hypertension revealed in this study were age, sex, BMI over 23, waist circumference, alcohol intake of more than 16g (male) or 8g (female). Regarding nutrient intakes, the intakes of highest quartile for energy (${\geq}2363.0kcal$) and protein (${\geq}90.2g$) were significantly associated with higher risk of hypertension after adjusting for age, sex, and other socio-demographic factors (OR=1.312(1.046-1.711), OR=1.488(1.194-1.854), respectively)). Although high intakes of sodium (${\geq}6604.0mg$) and phosphorus seemed to be risk factors of hypertension also before energy adjustment (OR=1.278(1.034-1.581), OR=1.280(1.024-1.600), respectively), only high intakes of energy and protein remained significant after adjustment. This study revealed that modifying risky lifestyles and dietary patterns, especially high energy intake, high protein intake, and high alcohol drinking, in middle-aged Korean adults could result in a prevalence decrease and/or prevention of hypertension.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.147-154
• /
• 2005

A survey for vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) status was undertaken in three different industrially polluted sites at Uyyakondan channel of Senthanneerpuram area in Trichy, India. The soils and the effluents were acidic, and contained higher Zn (621 to 711 ppm) than the other heavy metals, such as Cu, Pb, and Ni. Eighteen plant species were collected from the rhizosphere soils, and 13 species were positive for VAM colonization. Fifteen VAM fungal species were isolated from the plant species. The number of VAM fungal spores from the soils ranged from 45 to 640 per 100 g of soil. There was a significant correlation observed between the number of spores and percentage root colonization, as exemplified by Acalypha indica (45 and 20%, respectively) and Paspalum vaginatum (640 and 98%, respectively). Hostspecific and site-specific associations were observed in site 2; particular VAM species, Gigaspora gigantea and Glomus fasciculatum, were specific to particular host plants, Phyllanthus maderaspatensis and A. indica, respectively, even though Eclipta prostrata and Physalis minima were maximally associated with 8 VAM species. G. fasciculatum was found in 11 plant species and predominant VAM species. These results led us to conclude that VAM fungi are associated with a majority of the plants in the industrial polluted sites and support the plants to survive in the acidic soils, polluted with heavy metals of the industrial effluents.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.707-711
• /
• 2006

Phase 2 enzymes are transcriptionally induced by a wide variety of chemical agents and natural products, and their induction plays a critical role in protection against chemical carcinogens and other toxic xenobiotics. The activity of the methanol extract and fractions of paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) was examined in murine Hepa1c1c7 cells for the induction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) NAD(P)H/quinone reductase (QR). The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction induced QR activity in a dose-dependent manner in the concentration range of 10 to $500\;{\mu}g/mL$ with a maximum of a 3.3-fold increase in induction. The EtOAc fraction also showed high QR induction potency in Ah-receptor-defective mutant of Hepa 1c1c7 cells ($BP^rcl$ cells), which indicates that this fraction is a monofunctional inducer of QR. These results suggest that useful cancer chemopreventive materials could be isolated from EtOAc fraction of Paprika.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.49 no.6
• /
• pp.705-711
• /
• 2016

Crimson clover, a legume crop, is a landscape crop and green manure crop that can be sowing in spring and autumn. Its red flower blooms in May, and serves various roles such as landscape composition, weeds suppressing, prevention of soil loss and nutrient on sloping land and supplying nitrogen and organic matter in soil. Thus, in order to utilize this crop in agriculture land, we evaluated the growth characteristics of crimson clover cultivated in four different soil textures; sand, sandy loam, loam, and clay loam. The nitrogen content of crimson clover was $15.8g\;kg^{-1}$ and C/N ratio was 20.3. Its plant height was 42.5 cm in sandy loam and 49.5 cm in loamy, respectively, approximately 20 cm longer than the sand and clay loam. The crimson clover in sandy loam and loam bloomed about seven days earlier than those in sand and clay loam. Regarding number of flower per hill and flower length, there were no difference among the soil textures. Dry weight of crimson clover for sandy loam and loam was $2.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ and $2.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, $0.8{\sim}1.1Mg\;ha^{-1}$ higher than that of sand and sandy loam. Plant height and dry weight of crimson clover increased with delaying harvest time. Nitrogen contribution in loam and clay loam was $51.3kg\;ha^{-1}$ and $53.5kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Therefore, in terms of flowering properties and dry weight, the proper soil texture for the growth and development of crimson clover was sandy loam and loam.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.711-718
• /
• 2019

Spectrum analyzer and electromagnetic field meter were used to investigate the EM generation behaviour in different types of home electrical appliances. During microwave oven operation, the EM power measured at a point 30cm apart was measured in the range of 8~11mW/㎡, the strength of the low frequency magnetic field was 60~80mG and the electric field strength was measured at 150~160V/m. For smart phone wireless charging pad, it was measured at an electromagnetic power of 0.4mW/㎡, an electric field of 160 V/m and a magnetic field of 1mG at a point 10cm away. For microwave oven and wireless charging pad, if used within 10cm, the size of the electric field has been measured at a large value that exceeds the human body protection standard and may be hazardous to humans. On the other hand, home appliances such as TVs, hairdryers and refrigerators all showed very low levels of electromagnetic waves, electric fields and magnetic fields, with no harmful effects seen. For electromagnetic shielding, the metal Cu fabric and metal foil had a high level of EM shielding, while polymer films had a low EM shielding characteristic.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.711-720
• /
• 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effect of potassium humate and enzymes (Xylanase+Amylase+Protease) inclusion in diets on carcass characteristics, meat quality and fatty acid profiles of broilers fed canola-based diets. Methods: Two hundred and twenty broilers randomly allotted to 5 dietary treatments: the control (commercial broiler diet); CM (17.5% canola meal inclusion); CMEnz (17.5% CM inclusion+0.3 g/kg Axtra XAP); CMPh (17.5% CM inclusion+1.5% Potassium Humate, PH); and CMEnzPh (17.5% CM inclusion+1.5% PH+0.3 g/kg Axtra XAP) were slaughtered at day 42 for assessment of carcass and meat quality parameters. Results: Diet had no effect on carcass traits apart from breast muscle weight and breast muscle index. The highest breast muscle weight was observed in broilers fed CMEnz ($487.6{\pm}17.5g$) followed by those fed the control diet ($474.37{\pm}17.5g$). Diet also had no significant dietary effect on pH, temperature, drip loss and shear force values of the breast muscle. However, diet significantly affected meat colour and water-holding capacity. Broilers in the control and CMPh groups ($52.94{\pm}0.67$ and $52.91{\pm}0.67$) had the highest (p<0.05) values for lightness ($L^*$), whilst those fed CMEnzPh had the lowest value ($47.94{\pm}0.67$). In contrast, CM group had the lowest (p<0.05) value for redness ($a^*$) with CMEnzPh group having the highest values. The proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), n-6 and n-3 fatty acids and the PUFA/saturated fatty acid ratio were increased in CM-based diets containing enzymes and humic acid. Conclusion: It can, therefore, be concluded that CM can be included in broiler diets in the presence of enzymes and humic acid with positive effects on meat quality and important fatty acids that are beneficial to the health of consumers.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.411-416
• /
• 2009

Proximate compositions and fatty acid profiles of cultured and wild mackerel (Scomber japonicus) muscles were compared. Protein content ranged from approximately 16% to 18% and was higher in wild fish than in cultured ones. Lipid content was between two to four times higher in large and small cultured fish (20.1-20.5%) compared with same sized wild fish. The prominent non-polar lipid (NL) class in fish muscles was triglyceride, and additionally, free sterol was among the prominent NL classes in wild fish muscles. Prominent phospholipid (PL) classes in cultured and wild fish muscles were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, with the former being higher in cultured fish and the latter higher in wild fish. Prominent fatty acids of total lipid were 16:0, 18:1n-9, 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), 16:1n-7, 18:0 and 14:0, while 18:2n-6 was among the prominent fatty acids in cultured fish. The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, DHA+EPA) content (in mg/100 g of muscle tissue) was higher in cultured fish (2,711 mg in large fish and 2,572 mg in small fish) than in wild fish (2,431 mg in large fish and 1,398 mg in small fish). In conclusion, we have been able to demonstrate that cultured mackerel could also be a good sources of n-3 PUFA, such as DHA and EPA.